Modulation cancellation method for measurements of small temperature differences in a gas

An innovative spectroscopic technique based on balancing and cancellation of modulated signals induced by two excitation sources is reported. For its practical implementation, we used quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy as an absorption-sensing technique and applied the new approach to measure small temperature differences between two gas samples. The achieved sensitivity was 30 mK in 17 s. A theoretical sensitivity analysis is presented, and the applicability of this method to isotopic measurements is discussed.     

Controlled calibration method for laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a potential technique for rapid analysis of samples present in solids, gases and liquids. In the last two decades it was an object of extensive studies. Controlled calibration method used to analysis the LIBS spectra is investigated. Compared with the inner calibration and calibration-free (CF) methods, this new method overcomes "matrix effect", and demonstrates a better ability to cope with the spectra. It is used to analyze natural soil, and errors of the concentration are decreased about 5%. The result shows that the new method is feasible and accurate.     

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱的瓦斯监测方法研究

瓦斯爆炸是煤矿安全的主要威胁,对瓦斯气体浓度进行准确、快速、实时监测和预警是治理瓦斯灾害的有效手段。实验研究了近红外半导体激光吸收光谱技术在煤矿瓦斯气体安全检测中的应用。系统光源采用的是1.65μm波长的近红外可调谐DFB激光器,使用了波长调制和二次谐波检测技术,通过光纤进行信号传输。系统检测限低于0.09%,气体浓度的检测速度最高可达到0.02s。研究表明:该技术具有实时、连续、快速、非接触检测的特点;现场无带电部件,具有多点分布式遥测的能力,能够满足煤矿瓦斯安全检测的要求。     

Investigation of a near-surface laser plasma by the method of intraresonator laser spectroscopy

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 919–927, December, 1990.     

Modulation resonance in a laser

The response of the active atoms of an operating laser to the modulation of their energy intervals by an external field is theoretically investigated. On the condition that the active atoms are strongly saturated by off-resonant laser radiation, the resonant peculiarities take place in response to the modulating field.     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱的波长校准法研究

基于线列光探测器件的光谱仪具有多光谱通道探测的优点，以及其在物质光谱分析中担当的重要角色。分析了基于线列光探测器件光谱仪的波长准确度问题，提出利用激光诱导击穿原子光谱丰富波长校准特征波长谱线的思想。实验选用光谱波长范围为200nm～600nm的凹面光栅光谱仪、2048元焦平面的CCD器件和低压汞灯，分别对铜、铝、镁、钙、硅等5种样品进行了激光诱导击穿光谱试验；利用选取的10条激光诱导原子光谱波长数据并结合低压汞灯的10条特征谱线对光栅光谱仪重新进行波长校准，获取的试验数据有力地证明了这种思想的可行性。     

Modulation spectroscopy on anisotropic systems

Results of modulation spectroscopy on the anisotropic materials trigonal Se and the layer structure compound MoS₂ are presented. Particularly in the case of selenium, the application of modulation spectroscopy leads to considerably better understanding of the band structure. In both materials, strong electric field induced changes of the optical properties are observed which cannot be interpreted by an interaction of the external field with the electronic states but which result indirectly from an interaction of the external field with the lattice.     

Modulation spectroscopy under uniaxial stress

During the past several years the combination of modulation spectroscopy and static uniaxial stress has been developed into a powerful tool for the investigation of the relationship between the optical properties of semiconductors and their electronic energy bands. Studies of the stress-induced splittings and shifts of energy levels and oscillator strengths as well as the dependence of the induced fine structure on polarization direction and strain configuration have produced a wealth of information concerning the intrinsic properties of the undeformed crystal such as symmetries of interband optical transitions, deformation potentials, spin-exchange interaction of excitons, etc. Symmetry assignments are of considerable value for comparison with band structure calculations while the latter parameters are of significance for comparison with theories based on model calculations and systematic trends such as ionicity. This paper will review experiments and theories dealing with the effects of static uniaxial stress on those optical properties of semiconductors related to the intrinsic properties of the material with special emphasis on the modulated optical spectra.     

Sub-Doppler laser spectroscopy

Ideal primary data in atomic and molecular physics would include the energy levels of single isolated atoms and molecules, and an approximation to these is obtained from spectra of gases at low pressures. In classical spectroscopy a severe barrier to spectral resolution and measurement precision is often encountered because of the Doppler effect. The absorption frequency of an atom or molecule is modified by its velocity, and so a spectral line will be broadened because of the thermal distribution of velocities in a gas. The barrier can, however, be overcome by using lasers in a variety of different ways. This article introduces the two primary techniques now employed, namely Lamb dip and two-photon spectroscopy, and a variety of examples are discussed. Alternative strategies employing molecular beams, laser cooling and time resolution are also outlined. Limitations on extreme resolution are considered, and the article concludes with a section on laser frequency stabilization and frequency standards which often rely on sub-Doppler spectra.     

Intracavity laser spectroscopy

The main features of broadband intracavity laser spectroscopy (ILS), the most sensitive technique of absorption-spectrum measurements, is investigated. The factors that limit the sensitivity of the ILS method are studied, and the conditions for reaching its maximum sensitivity are formulated. The main practical applications of the ILS method are described, such as detection of weak absorption spectra and measurements of low gas concentrations, registration of amplification spectra and of the spectral distribution of external radiation, measurement of the cross sections for nonlinear processes, investigation of transient processes in an electric discharge, and investigation of the kinetics of multistage chemical reactions.Translated from Preprint No. 187 of the Lebedev Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 1988.     

相干叠加脉冲锁模激光器调制特性的研究

本文在理论上发现了相干叠加脉冲锁模激光器的调制特性,并对其进行了全面的分析和计算.对于相干叠加脉冲锁模激光器的脉冲压缩及调制特性给予了详尽的数值计算结果和清晰的物理图象的解释,并提出利用相干叠加脉冲锁模激光器的调制特性产生更短脉冲的可能性.     

Nuclear laser spectroscopy using a laser-microwave double-resonance method with an ion trap

With an RF-trap connected to an Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOL), we aim to study nuclear magnetic properties of nuclei far from stability through the hyperfine interaction by a laser-microwave double-resonance method. As a first step, the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of⁸⁷Sr⁺ was measured, and the magnetic dipole hyperfine constant was precisely determined to beA=−1,000,470.8(2.4) kHz.     

Revisiting the laser frequency locking method using acousto-optic frequency modulation transfer spectroscopy

We present a laser frequency locking system based on acousto-optic modulation transfer spectroscopy(AOMTS). Theoretical and experimental investigations are carried out to optimize the locking performance mainly from the view of the modulation frequency and index for the specific scheme of AOMTS. An FWHM linewidth of 63 kHz is achieved and the frequency stability in terms of Allan standard deviation reaches1.4 × 10~(-12) at 30 s. The frequency shifting capacity is validated throughout the acousto-optic modulator bandwidth while the laser is kept locked. This work offers a different but efficient choice for applications calling for both stabilized and tunable laser frequencies.