On quasi-convex mappings of order α in the unit ball of a complex Banach space

In this paper, a class of biholomorphic mappings named quasi-convex mapping of order α in the unit ball of a complex Banach space is introduced. When the Banach space is confined to ℂ ⁿ , we obtain the relation between this class of mappings and the convex mappings. Furthermore, the growth and covering theorems of this class of mappings are given on the unit ball of a complex Banach space X. Finally, we get the second order terms coefficient estimations of the homogeneous expansion of quasi-convex mapping of order α defined on the polydisc in ℂ ⁿ and on the unit ball in a complex Banach space, respectively. Dedicated to Professor Sheng GONG on the occasion of his 75th birthday     

Denting and strongly extreme points in the unit ball of spaces of operators

For 1 ≤p ≤ ∞ we show that there are no denting points in the unit ball of ℓ(l^p). This extends a result recently proved by Grząślewicz and Scherwentke whenp = 2 [GS1]. We also show that for any Banach spaceX and for any measure space (Ω, A, μ), the unit ball of ℓ(L ¹ (μ), X) has denting points iffL ¹(μ) is finite dimensional and the unit ball ofX has a denting point. We also exhibit other classes of Banach spacesX andY for which the unit ball of ℓ(X, Y) has no denting points. When X* has the extreme point intersection property, we show that all ‘nice’ operators in the unit ball of ℓ(X, Y) are strongly extreme points.     

Extremely non-complex Banach spaces

A Banach space X is said to be an extremely non-complex space if the norm equality ∥Id +T ²∥ = 1+∥T ²∥ holds for every bounded linear operator T on X. We show that every extremely non-complex Banach space has positive numerical index, it does not have an unconditional basis and that the infimum of diameters of the slices of its unit ball is positive.     

The problem of envelopes for Banach spaces

LetX be a Banach space. A Banach spaceY is an envelope ofX if (1)Y is finitely representable inX; (2) any Banach spaceZ finitely representable inX and of density character not exceeding that ofY is isometric to a subspace ofY. Lindenstrauss and Pelczynski have asked whether any separable Banach space has a separable envelope. We give a negative answer to this question by showing the existence of a Banach space isomorphic tol ₂, which has no separable envelope. A weaker positive result holds: any separable Banach space has an envelope of density character ≦ℵ₁ (assuming the continuum hypothesis).     

James' Theorem Fails for Starlike Bodies

Starlike bodies are interesting in nonlinear functional analysis because they are strongly related to bump functions and to n-homogeneous polynomials on Banach spaces, and their geometrical properties are thus worth studying. In this paper we deal with the question whether James' theorem on the characterization of reflexivity holds for (smooth) starlike bodies, and we establish that a feeble form of this result is trivially true for starlike bodies in nonreflexive Banach spaces, but a reasonable strong version of James' theorem for starlike bodies is never true, even in the smooth case. We also study the related question as to how large the set of gradients of a bump function can be, and among other results we obtain the following new characterization of smoothness in Banach spaces: a Banach space X has a C¹ Lipschitz bump function if and only if there exists another C¹ smooth Lipschitz bump function whose set of gradients contains the unit ball of the dual space X*. This result might also be relevant to the problem of finding an Asplund space with no smooth bump functions.     

Ordered representations of spaces of integrable functions

Let X be a Banach space, (Ω,Σ) a measurable space and let m : Σ → X be a (countably additive) vector measure. Consider the corresponding space of integrable functions L¹(m). In this paper we analyze the set of (countably additive) vector measures n satisfying that L¹(n) = L¹(m). In order to do this we define a (quasi) order relation on this set to obtain under adequate requirements the simplest representation of the space L¹(m) associated to downward directed subsets of the set of all the representations. This research has been partially supported by La Junta de Andalucía. The support of D.G.I. under project MTM2006–11690–C02 (M.E.C. Spain) and FEDER is gratefully acknowledged.     

Strong Dunford–Pettis Sets and Spaces of Operators

Bibasic sequences of Singer are used to show that ℓ₁ embeds complementably in the Banach space X if and only if X^* contains a non-relatively compact strong Dunford–Pettis set. Spaces of operators and strongly additive vector measures are also discussed. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Extreme points and retractions in Banach spaces

ForT a completely regular topological space andX a strictly convex Banach space, we study the extremal structure of the unit ball of the spaceC(T,X) of continuous and bounded functions fromT intoX. We show that when dimX is an even integer then every point in the unit ball ofC(T, X) can be expressed as the average of three extreme points if, and only if, dimT< dimX, where dimT is the covering dimension ofT. We also prove that, ifX is infinite-dimensional, the aforementioned representation of the points in the unit ball ofC(T, X) is always possible without restrictions on the topological spaceT. Finally, we deduce from the above result that the identity mapping on the unit ball of an infinite-dimensional strictly convex Banach space admits a representation as the mean of three retractions of the unit ball onto the unit sphere. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. Juan Francisco Mena Jurado for many helpful suggestions during the preparation of this paper.     

Weak continuity of Riemann integrable functions in Lebesgue-Bochner spaces

In general, Banach space-valued Riemann integrable functions defined on [0, 1] （equipped with the Lebesgue measure） need not be weakly continuous almost everywhere. A Banach space is said to have the weak Lebesgue property if every Riemann integrable function taking values in it is weakly continuous almost everywhere. In this paper we discuss this property for the Banach space LX^1 of all Bochner integrable functions from [0, 1] to the Banach space X. We show that LX^1 has the weak Lebesgue property whenever X has the Radon-Nikodym property and X＊ is separable. This generalizes the result by Chonghu Wang and Kang Wan [Rocky Mountain J. Math., 31（2）, 697-703 （2001）] that L^1[0, 1] has the weak Lebesgue property.     

Affine functions on simplexes and extreme operators

IfK a simplex andX a Banach space thenA(K, X) denotes the space of affine continuous functions fromK toX with the supremum norm. The extreme points of the closed unit ball ofA(K, X) are characterized,X being supposed to satisfy certain conditions. This characterization is used to investigate the extreme compact operators from a Banach spaceX to the spaceA(K)=A(K, (− ∞, ∞)). This note is part of the author’s Ph.D. thesis prepared at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem under the supervision of Prof. A. Dvoretzky and Dr. J. Lindenstrauss. The author wishes to thank them for their helpful advice and kind encouragement.     

Coefficient Quantization in Banach Spaces

Let (e _i ) be a dictionary for a separable infinite-dimensional Banach space X. We consider the problem of approximation by linear combinations of dictionary elements with quantized coefficients drawn usually from a ‘finite alphabet’. We investigate several approximation properties of this type and connect them to the Banach space geometry of X. The existence of a total minimal system with one of these properties, namely the coefficient quantization property, is shown to be equivalent to X containing c ₀. We also show that, for every ε>0, the unit ball of every separable infinite-dimensional Banach space X contains a dictionary (x _i ) such that the additive group generated by (x _i ) is (3+ε)⁻¹-separated and 1/3-dense in X.      

A superreflexive banach spaceX withL(X) admitting a homomorphism onto the Banach algebraC(βN)

A separable superreflexive Banach spaceX is constructed such that the Banach algebraL(X) of all continuous endomorphisms ofX admits a continuous homomorphism onto the Banach algebraC(βN) of all scalar valued functions on the Stone-Čech compacification of the positive integers with supremum norm. In particular: (i) the cardinality of the set of all linear multiplicative functionals onL(X) is equal to 2^c and (ii)X is not isomorphic to any finite Cartesian power of any Banach space.     

A variational approach to norm attainment of some operators and polynomials

If X is an Asplund space, then every uniformly continuous function on Bx＊ which is holomorphic on the open unit ball, can be perturbed by a w＊ continuous and homogeneous polynomial on X＊ to obtain a norm attaining function on the dual unit ball. This is a consequence of a version of Bourgain-Stegall＇s variational principle. We also show that the set of N-homogeneous polynomials between two Banach spaces X and Y whose transposes attain their norms is dense in the corresponding space of N-homogeneous polynomials. In the case when Y is the space of Radon measures on a compact K, this result can be strengthened.     

Version of the Grothendieck theorem for subspaces of analytic functions in lattices

A version of Grothendieck’s inequality says that any bounded linear operator acting from a Banach lattice X to a Banach lattice Y acts from X(ℓ²) to Y (ℓ²) as well. A similar statement is proved for Hardy-type subspaces in lattices of measurable functions. Namely, let X be a Banach lattice of measurable functions on the circle, and let an operator T act from the corresponding subspace of analytic functions X_A to a Banach lattice Y or, if Y is also a lattice of measurable functions on the circle, to the quotient space Y/Y_A. Under certain mild conditions on the lattices involved, it is proved that T induces an operator acting from X_A(ℓ²) to Y (ℓ²) or to Y/Y_A(ℓ2), respectively. Bibliography: 7 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 327, 2005, pp. 5–16.     

Ball-covering property of Banach spaces that is not preserved under linear isomorphisms

By a ball-covering B of a Banach space X, we mean that it is a collection of open balls off the origin whose union contains the sphere of the unit ball of X. The space X is said to have a ball-covering property, if it admits a ball-covering consisting of countably many balls. This paper, by constructing the equivalent norms on l~∞, shows that ball-covering property is not invariant under isomorphic mappings, though it is preserved under such mappings if X is a Gateaux differentiability space; presents that this property of X is not heritable by its closed subspaces; and the property is also not preserved under quotient mappings.     

Distance sets of well-distributed planar sets for polygonal norms

LetX be a two-dimensional normed space, and letBX be the unit ball inX. We discuss the question of how large the set of extremal points ofBX may be ifX contains a well-distributed set whose distance set Δ satisfies the estimate |Δ∩[0,N]|≤CN ^3/2-ε. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a well-distributed set with |Δ∩[0,N]|≤CN.     

A gould type integral with respect to a multisubmeasure

In [GOULD, G. G.: Integration over vector-valued measures, Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 15, (1965), 193–205], G. G. Gould introduced a type of integral of a bounded, real valued function with respect to a finite additive set function taking values in a Banach space, integral which is more general than the Lebesgue one. Recently, A. Precupanu and A. Croitoru gave the generalization, defining a Gould type integral for multimeasures with values in _kc(X), X being a Banach space ([PRECUPANU, A.—CROITORU, A.: A Gould type integral with respect to a multimeasure, I, An. Ştiinţ. Univ. “Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi Secţ. I a Mat. 48 (2002), 165–200]). Taking as starting point this work and [PRECUPANU, A.—CROITORU, A.: A Gould type integral with respect to a multimeasure, II, An. Ştiinţ. Univ. “Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi Secţ. I a Mat. 49 (2003), 183–207], we define here the notion of a Gould type integral with respect to a _bf(X)-valued multisubmeasure, pointing out important properties of it. We also establish that, even if we deal with multisubmeasures, the integral is still a multimeasure.      

Dense single-valuedness of monotone operators

It is shown that the set of points for which a monotone mappingT:X→X ^* from a separable Banach space into its dual is not single-valued has no interior; if dimX<∞ and intD(T)≠ϕ then the set has Lebesgue measure zero. Moreover, for accretive mappingsT:X→X from a separable Banach space into itself, the dimension of the set of points whose images contain balls of codimension not larger thank does not exceedk. Applications to convexity are given.     

On a Banach space approximable by Jacobi polynomials

Let X represent either the space C[-1,1] L _p ^(α,β) (w), 1 ≦ p < ∞ on [-1, 1]. Then Xare Banach spaces under the sup or the p norms, respectively. We prove that there exists a normalized Banach subspace X ¹ _αβ of Xsuch that every f ∈ X ¹ _αβ can be represented by a linear combination of Jacobi polynomials to any degree of accuracy. Our method to prove such an approximation problem is Fourier–Jacobi analysis based on the convergence of Fourier–Jacobi expansions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Controlled convergence theorems for Henstock-Kurzweil-Pettis integral on m-dimensional compact intervals

In this paper we use a generalized version of absolute continuity defined by J. Kurzweil, J. Jarník, Equiintegrability and controlled convergence of Perron-type integrable functions, Real Anal. Exch. 17 (1992), 110–139. By applying uniformly this generalized version of absolute continuity to the primitives of the Henstock-Kurzweil-Pettis integrable functions, we obtain controlled convergence theorems for the Henstock-Kurzweil-Pettis integral. First, we present a controlled convergence theorem for Henstock-Kurzweil-Pettis integral of functions defined on m-dimensional compact intervals of ℝ ^m and taking values in a Banach space. Then, we extend this theorem to complete locally convex topological vector spaces.