Separated flow noise of a flat plate at large attack angles

Flow noise associated with separated flow of a flat plate with large attack angles was studied experimentally to obtain its acoustic characteristics and to understand its generation mechanism. The acoustic features show that the separated flow noise could be attributed to acoustic dipole sources associated with the wall-pressure fluctuations on the plate surface. The time derivative of the fluctuating wall-surface pressure is highly correlated with the associated acoustic pressure. The noise intensity source strength is proportional to the mean-square time derivative of the fluctuating surface pressure and its correlation area, being proportional to the sixth power of the oncoming flow velocity and distributed uniformly over the plate surfaces. The associated acoustic intensity is well predicted by these noise source strength distributions.     

Linear birefringence parameters determination of a multi-order wave plate via phase detection at large oblique incidence angles

In order to characterize the linear birefringence parameters (LBPs) of a multi-order wave plate (MWP) including ordinary refractive index n_o, extraordinary refractive index n_e and the order number precisely, phase retardation measurement by means of large oblique incidence angle on the MWP has been proposed and demonstrated. However, the effects of spatial shifting and multiple reflections by the MWP depress the accuracy of the measurements significantly. Thus, we propose a retro-reflected geometry in a polarized heterodyne interferometer that can determine the LBPs of a MWP precisely. This method is not only able to reduce the spatial shifting effect but also avoids multiple reflections of the emerging beams. Experimentally, the oblique incidence angle in a range from 30° to 44° was scanned and the highest sensitivity ever for measurements of n_o and n_e for an uncoated MWP was obtained. The detection sensitivity for the refractive indices (n_o,n_e, n_o−n_e) of an uncoated MWP can be up to 10⁻⁶.     

Characterizing a liquid crystal spatial light modulator at oblique incidence angles using the self-interference method

The phase modulation characteristics of a reflective liquid crystal(LC) spatial light modulator(SLM) under oblique incidence are studied by using our proposed self-interference method. The experimental setup of the method is very simple and has good robustness to mechanical vibrations. By changing the gray value of the combined grayscale loaded on the LC-SLM, different sheared fringe patterns, generated by the interference between the constant phase-modulated beam and the +1-order diffracted beam of the blazed grating, can be obtained. The amount of phase modulation of the LC-SLM is obtained by subtracting the phase of the two side lobes in the frequency domain. By turning the turntable where the SLM is mounted, the phase modulation characteristics at different incident angles can be measured. The experimental results show that the phase modulation curves do not change significantly with the small angle. When the angle is large(i.e. larger than 10°), the phase modulation curves become different, especially for the high gray levels. With the increase of the incident angle, the phase modulation depth is reduced. The results indicate that the incident angle plays an important role in the performance of the phase modulation of an LC-SLM.     

Vortex pattern of the turbulent flow around a single cube on a flat surface and its heat transfer at different attack angles

Experimental results on convective heat transfer from a single cube on a flat surface are presented for different attack angles to the incident flow and Reynolds numbers. The character of vortex formation and the effect of flow structure on heat transfer at detached flow around a cube were studied by visualization. Local heat transfer and heat transfer averaged over the separate faces and the whole lateral surface of the cube were studied. Contribution of separate cube faces to total heat transfer depending on the attack angle was estimated. Data obtained were compared with those published in literature. The reasons for observed differences caused by the effect of many factors: boundary layer thickness, turbulence level of the incident flow, channel constraint, etc., are analysed.     

Aeroacoustics of duct junction flows merging at different angles

This paper reports an exploratory study of the aeroacoustics of a merging flow at a duct junction with the same width in all branches and different merging angles. The focus is put on the acoustic generation due to the flow unsteadiness. The study is carried out by the direct aeroacoustic simulation (DAS) approach, which solves the unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations and the perfect gas equation of state simultaneously using the conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) method. The Mach number based on the maximum inlet velocity of side branch is 0.1 and the Reynolds number of the flow based on duct width and this velocity is 2.3×10⁵. The numerical simulations are performed in two dimensions and the aeroacoustics at different merging angles (30°, 45°, 60° and 90°) are studied. Both the levels of unsteady interactions of merging flow structures and the efficiency of the acoustic generation are observed to increase with the merging angles, where the increase in acoustic efficiency can be up to three orders of magnitude. The major acoustic source is found to be the fluctuating wall pressure induced by the flow unsteadiness in the downstream branch. A scaling law between the wall fluctuating force and the acoustic efficiency is also derived.     

Aerodynamic characteristics for a passenger aircraft model with harmonic oscillations on rolling and yawing angles at high angles of attack

Experimental values of complexes of aerodynamic derivatives were obtained in a wind tunnel and analyzed for subsonic flow of a passenger aircraft model with harmonic oscillations on the rolling and yawing angles. It was demonstrated that for near-critical angles of attack, the complexes of aerodynamic derivatives taken for rolling and yawing have a string dependency on the normalized oscillation frequency. It was proven that this dependency is driven by derivatives with respect to angular velocities and angular acceleration. A mathematical model for aerodynamic loads was developed; it can be applied for aircraft flight dynamic problems and has satisfactory approximation to experimental aerodynamic characteristics.     

双光栅在不同夹角下测量杨氏模量的实验研究

根据莫尔条纹的位移放大原理,利用在光栅栅距恒定时栅线夹角与莫尔条纹的宽度在小角度情况下成反比的关系,对钢丝杨氏弹性模量进行测量.通过对测量数据及计算结果的分析,得出结论:莫尔条纹的宽度随夹角增大而减小;测量误差随着光栅夹角增加而增大,但小于5%.并将实验值与理论值相比较,确定莫尔条纹法测量杨氏模量的可行性.     

Dynamical behaviors of a plate activated by an induction motor

Dynamics and chaotification of a system consisting of an induction motor activating a mobile plate (with variable contents) fixed to a spring are studied. The dynamical model of the device is presented and the electromechanical equations are formulated. The oscillations of the plate are analyzed through variations of the following reliable control parameters: phase voltage supply of the motor, frequency of the external source and mass of the plate. The dynamics of the system near the fundamental resonance region presents jump phenomenon. Mapping of the control parameters planes in terms of types of motion reveals period-n motion, quasi-periodicity and chaos. Anti-control of chaos of the induction motor is also obtained using the field-oriented control associated to the time delay feedback control.     

Spin-wave eigenmodes of a saturated magnetic square at different precession angles

Using low-loss dielectric magnetic films in combination with space-resolved Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy we have studied nonlinear modification of eigenmode spatial distributions in saturated magnetic squares. We have found that, as the angle of magnetization precession increases, the eigenmode spatial distributions experience significant qualitative changes due to a nonlinear coupling between forming them standing spin waves. We show that the found nonlinear eigenmodes cannot be described by means of the linear theoretical approach even qualitatively.     

Correlation of light beams scattered at different angles by a ground glass

A quantitative study of the contrast of Young's fringes obtained with a fully scattering element by double exposure technique as a function of the inclination of the incident beam and the effect of varying the scatterer- photographic plate distance upon the γ - θ curve have been presented.     

不同角度反V型蒸发器变风量下换热性能的研究

机房空调的送风方式主要分为两类,即上送风(V型)和下送风(反V型)。通过焓差实验法研究了机房空调中不同角度反V型蒸发器的换热性能。所研究的角度分别为32.5°、39°、45.5°,并且研究了三种角度蒸发器分别在风量百分比为100%、90%、80%、70%时四种情况下的换热性能。对比分析了各种工况下的制冷量、能效比,并且从蒸发温度以及压缩机的吸、排气温度及压力、冷凝温度等方面分析造成这种差异的原因。研究结果表明,当夹角为39°和45.5°时,蒸发温度约高2℃,系统的换热性能较好。与角度32.5°相比,当风量百分比为100%和90%时,最大制冷量均提高2%左右;当风量百分比为80%和70%时,最大制冷量分别提高5.7%和6%,能效比分别提高了3.5%和6.7%。     

Smoke streak visualization of steady flows over a spinning cone at angle of attack in flight

Journal of Visualization - A smoke streak visualization technique is employed to observe the steady flow field over a cone of a half angle of $$\theta _c = 30^\circ $$, spinning at an angular speed...     

Influence of small angles of attack and sweep on the rolling moment at a hypersonic flow around the bodies of revolution

The influence of small attack and sweep angles on the rolling moment variation at a supersonic flow around the bodies close to the bodies of revolution is considered. Based on the method of the differential hypothesis of locality the integral expressions are obtained for the derivatives of the rolling moment coefficient with respect to the attack and sweep angles. The norm of these derivatives is defined and the estimates for the norm are obtained.     

Aerodynamic characteristics of passenger and transport aircraft models at harmonic oscillations on the pitch angle for high angles of attack

A systematic analysis has been performed for many-years experimental data obtained in the wind tunnel T-203 (SibNIA) for testing the models of passenger and transport aircraft for the case of harmonic oscillation at the pitch angle for low subsonic velocities. The key features of behavior of aerodynamic derivatives coefficients and dependencies of current values of normal force coefficient and longitudinal moment coefficient on the angle of attack have been demonstrated for the stalling modes of streamlining. It was demonstrated that at near-critical angles of attack, we have a strong dependency of aerodynamic derivatives of pitch moment on the normalized oscillation frequency for the range of natural values; this makes the traditional mathematical model of aerodynamic loads (uses the aerodynamic derivatives at fixed frequencies of oscillation) unfit for the considered scope of experimental tasks.     

双传声器法测量斜入射吸声系数研究

本文从理论和实验两方面研究了双传声器法测量斜入射吸声系数时,双传声器间距,双传声器离材料表面距离,材料面积大小等因素对测量结果的影响。     

A relativistic calculation of the deuteron threshold electrodisintegration at backward angles

Deuteron threshold electrodisintegration at backward angles is studied with a relativistic Hamiltonian, including a relativistic one-pion-exchange potential with off-shell terms. Boost effects in bound and scattering states are considered. Full Lorentz structure of the electromagnetic current is retained, which includes one- and two-body terms. Pseudovector coupling of pions to nucleons is consistently used. Cross-section results show significant relativistic corrections, even for low momentum transfer. Calculations suggest the need for including additional two-body currents.     

高超声速平板边界层流动显示的试验研究

本文在高超声速脉冲式风洞内对基于纳米示踪的平面激光散射技术(nano-based planar laser scattering, NPLS)的应用进行了探索, 并在此基础上对平板边界层流动结构的精细测量进行了研究. 试验来流Ma=7.3, 总压4.8 MPa, 总温680 K. 通过时序的分析和调试, 对各分系统实现了高精度的同步控制; 定量的粒子注入及混合, 实现了粒子的均匀撒播, 对主流获得了均匀的显示效果; 对于边界层流动, 获得了精细的瞬态流动结构图像, 显示了层流到湍流的转捩过程, 并分析了其时空演化特性.