A delay partitioning approach to output feedback control for uncertain discrete time-delay systems with actuator saturation

This paper is concerned with the problems of output feedback control for uncertain discrete time-delay systems with input saturation. The delay partitioning approach is proposed to obtain new stability criteria. The dynamic output feedback controller is designed based on a linear matrix inequality framework. A sufficient condition is developed, which guarantees the existence of dynamic output feedback controllers such that all trajectories of the closed-loop system starting from an admissible initial condition domain converge to a smaller ellipsoid. Simulation examples are provided to show the potential of the proposed techniques.     

Robust tracking and model following based on discrete-time neuro-sliding mode control for uncertain time-delay systems

This paper proposes a discrete-time neuro-sliding mode control (NSMC) scheme to realize the problem of robust tracking and model following for a class of uncertain time-delay systems. It is shown that the proposed scheme guarantees the stability of closed-loop system and achieves zero-tracking error in the presence of state delays, input delays, parameter uncertainties, and external disturbances. The selection of sliding surface and the existence of sliding mode are two important issues, which have been addressed. This scheme not only assures robustness against time-delays, system uncertainties and disturbances, but also avoids chattering phenomenon and reaching phase. Moreover, the knowledge of upper bound of uncertainties is not required. Both the theoretical analysis and illustrative example demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme.     

Enhanced first-order theory based on mixed formulation and transverse normal effect

An accurate prediction of displacements and stresses for laminated and sandwich plates is presented using an enhanced first-order plate theory based on the mixed variational theorem (EFSDTM) developed in this paper. In the mixed formulation, transverse shear stresses based on an efficient higher-order plate theory (EHOPT) developed by Cho and Parmerter [Cho, M., Parmerter, R.R., 1993. Efficient higher-order composite plate theory for general lamination configurations. AIAA Journal 31, 1299–1306] are utilized and modified to satisfy prescribed lateral conditions, and displacements are assumed to be those of a first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Relationships between the modified EHOPT and the FSDT are systematically derived via both the mixed variational theorem and the least-square approximation of difference between in-plane stresses including the transverse normal stress effect. It is shown that the transverse normal stress effect should be considered in predicting the in-plane stresses when the Poisson effect is dominant. The developed EFSDTM preserves the computational advantage of the classical FSDT while allowing for important local through-the-thickness variations of displacements and stresses through the recovery procedure. The accuracy and efficiency of the present theory are assessed by comparing its results with various plate models as well as the three-dimensional exact solutions for thick laminated and sandwich plates.     

A criterion of robustness intelligent nonlinear control for multiple time-delay systems based on fuzzy Lyapunov methods

A control system with state feedback controllers, in which the fuzzy Lyapunov approach is developed for the stability criterion, is studied. The proposed intelligent design provides a systematic and effective framework for the control systems. The global nonlinear controller is constructed based on T–S (Takagi–Sugeno) fuzzy controller design techniques, blending all such local state feedback controllers. Based on this design, the stability conditions of a multiple time-delay system are derived in terms of the fuzzy Lyapunov theory. The effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed controller design method are demonstrated through numerical simulations.     

Adaptive fuzzy backstepping output feedback control for a class of MIMO time-delay nonlinear systems based on high-gain observer

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy backstepping output feedback control approach is developed for a class of multiinput and multioutput (MIMO) nonlinear systems with time delays and immeasurable states. Fuzzy logic systems are employed to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and an adaptive fuzzy high-gain observer is developed to estimate the unmeasured states. Using the designed high-gain observer, and combining the fuzzy adaptive control theory with the backstepping approach, an adaptive fuzzy output feedback control is constructed recursively. It is proved that all the signals of the closed-loop adaptive control system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SUUB) and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin.     

Adaptive fuzzy backstepping output feedback control of nonlinear uncertain time-delay systems based on high-gain filters

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy output feedback control approach is developed for a class of SISO uncertain nonlinear strict-feedback systems. The considered nonlinear systems contain unknown nonlinear functions, unknown time-varying delays and unmeasured states. The fuzzy logic systems are first used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and then a high-gain filter is designed to estimate the unmeasured states. Combining the backstepping recursive design technique and adaptive fuzzy control design, an adaptive fuzzy output feedback backstepping control method is developed. It is proved that the proposed adaptive fuzzy control approach can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) and both the observer error and tracking error converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. Two key advantages of our scheme are that (i) the high-gain filter is designed to estimate unmeasured states of time-delay nonlinear system, and (ii) the virtual control gains are functions. A simulation is included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

An investigation into the effect of strain rate on forming limit diagram using ductile fracture criteria

In this study, forming limit diagram (FLD) is experimentally acquired for aluminum alloy 3105 in usual velocities (Quasi-static condition). In addition, numerical simulation by commercially available finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit using ductile fracture criteria is performed. Simulation is done in quasi-static condition (\(\dot{\varepsilon} \le 0.01/s\)) and case of forming by low-impact (\(\dot{\varepsilon} \le 50/s\)).The results show that a substantial improvement in high-strain-rate formability of the aluminum sheet can be obtained.     

基于温度变化Fourier展开的惯导航向效应补偿

航向效应对高精度空间稳定平台式惯性导航系统具有致命的影响。根据系统变航向导航试验数据,分析了变航向引起温度及平台漂移变化的作用机理,讨论了平台漂移变化与温度变化的相关性,进而提出基于温度变化Fourier展开的航向效应补偿方法。采用滑动最小二乘拟合导航误差的方法提取平台常值漂移的变化,并以此为观测量标定平台漂移的温度系数。最后,利用多组变航向试验数据对所述补偿方法进行验证,结果表明:平台常值漂移变化与温度变化基波分量的幅值具有强相关性,该补偿方法可将温度变化引起的航向效应误差降低40%~90%,具有较强的工程应用潜力。     

The effect of random step changes of system parameters on the stability of steady vibration of nonlinear systems

Summary The author proposes a method of analysing the effect of random step changes of system parameters on the stability of steady solution of a nonlinear system in case this steady solution is not the only one. The method is based on the assumption that the time between successive step changes is comparatively long against the period of steady vibration so that transients become stabilized after each parameter change. The parameter is free to vary on a finite interval of values.

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Übersicht Es wird ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, um die Auswirkung von zufälligen Sprungstörungen der Systemparameter auf die Stabilität von stationären Lösungen nichtlinearer Systeme zu untersuchen. Dabei wird vorausgesetzt, daß es mehrere stationäre Lösungen gibt. Es wird angenommen, daß die Zeit zwischen den nacheinander folgenden Sprungstörungen vergleichsweise lang gegenüber der Periode der stationären Schwingung ist, so daß die Einschwingvorgänge nach jeder Parameteränderung abgeklungen sind. Der Parameter kann sich dabei in einem endlichen Wertcbcreich ändern.

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Herrn Professor Dr. K. Klotter zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

基于小波神经网络的高精度惯导重力扰动补偿方法

重力扰动矢量(空间同一点实际重力与正常重力之差,包括垂线偏差和重力异常两部分)一直是惯性导航系统的重要误差源之一。针对重力扰动误差精确补偿问题,推导并建立了考虑重力扰动的惯导误差方程,并提出了基于小波神经网络的重力扰动补偿方法。通过仿真验证了小波神经网络的重力扰动补偿方法对惯导导航精度的提高效果。24 h仿真结果表明:所提出的重力扰动补偿方法能有效减小惯导导航系统误差,经重力扰动矢量补偿后,速度误差最大能减小约0.2 m/s,降低约30%,位置误差最大能减小约3000 m,降低约25%。     

基于Busemann双翼构型的超音速导弹减阻技术研究

针对超音速飞行器在飞行过程中要承受的强激波带来的不利波阻,本文与传统单翼进行对比,分析了Busemann超音速双翼构型的减阻原理并充分利用了双翼间激波膨胀波的有利干涉和机翼厚度减小所带来的激波减弱效应。以常规气动布局的超音速导弹为研究对象,数值计算结果表明:设计巡航条件下,来流马赫数为2.5时,采用新型双翼气动布局能够使波阻减小42%。同时,为了消除非设计马赫数下Busemann双翼构型的壅塞问题,本文探索了一种转折变形翼面技术,计算结果表明:通过控制机翼前缘入口处和最大厚度处的面积比,该方案在非设计条件下能够基本消除阻力剧增问题。此外,在Busemann双翼基础上改进的上下翼非对称的超音速双翼构型可进一步改善实际有升力飞行条件下模型的气动性能,将所计算导弹模型巡航状态的升阻比提高了22%。综合以上结果表明,本文介绍的减阻技术可以为超声速导弹的研制和发展提供新的设计思路。     

Elastic-plastic contact model for rough surfaces based on plastic asperity concept

A mathematical formulation for the contact of rough surfaces is presented. The derivation of the contact model is facilitated through the definition of plastic asperities that are assumed to be embedded at a critical depth within the actual surface asperities. The surface asperities are assumed to deform elastically whereas the plastic asperities experience only plastic deformation. The deformation of plastic asperities is made to obey the law of conservation of volume. It is believed that the proposed model is advantageous since (a) it provides a more accurate account of elastic-plastic behavior of surfaces in contact and (b) it is applicable to model formulations that involve asperity shoulder-to-shoulder contact. Comparison of numerical results for estimating true contact area and contact force using the proposed model and the earlier methods suggest that the proposed approach provides a more realistic prediction of elastic-plastic contact behavior.     

基于减基概念的凸集结构可靠性分析方法

针对椭球凸集参数域结构的可靠性分析问题,提出了一种基于减基概念的快速求解方法。首先,将椭球参数域进行坐标正交变换,获得标准的椭球域及其相应的矩形域,在矩形域采样且通过坐标逆向变换获得原椭球参数域的样本参数点集,并以此构建结构的减基空间及其相应的减基算法;随后,在标准椭球域产生均匀的等概率抽样点,并通过坐标逆向变换和相应的减基算法进行蒙特卡洛减基模拟来分析结构的可靠度及其可靠域。由于是在低维的逼近空间中进行椭球参数域结构的位移向量解分析,故而较之有限元法能够获得较高的计算效率。算例测试验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Fracture prediction for piezoelectric ceramics based on the electric field saturation concept

The electrical field saturation model is applied to the fracture prediction of piezoelectric materials containing electrically impermeable cracks. This model is analogously similar to the electric displacement saturation model that available in the literature. An electrical field saturation strip near the crack front is introduced in the analytical model. The stress intensity factor K and the energy release rate G are obtained in closed-form. It is found that fracture predictions based on K and G criteria are identical. Fracture predictions based on the electric field saturation model and the electric displacement model are also found to be the same.     

钝感炸药直径效应实验研究

钝感炸药爆轰波的传播与波阵面曲率密切相关 ,为研究这种非理想行为 ,通过光电联合测试方法测量了常温下直径为 10、12 .5、15、30mm的钝感药柱的定态爆速和波形 ,根据拟合的爆轰波形 ,分析了波阵面法向速度Dn与当地曲率之间的关系。结果表明 ,定态爆速随药柱直径的增大而增大 ,当较小时 ,Dn只与有关 ,当较大时 ,Dn不仅与有关 ,而且还与药柱直径有关。     

基于动力学响应的多组件系统布局优化方法

针对圆形安装板上多组件布局问题,以组件系统静平衡性为约束,以系统在随机振动下的动力学响应为优化目标,建立了多组件系统的动力学布局优化模型。针对所建立的优化模型,提出采用序列二次规划方法和改进遗传算法相结合的策略进行多约束条件下的组件布局优化。最后,对两个典型算例进行了动力学优化计算,结果表明,本文所建立的优化模型在多约束的情况下可提高组件系统的动力学性能,满足静力学和动力学性能要求。     

基于单元密度进化步长控制的双向渐进结构优化方法

在渐进结构优化方法中,单元密度的进化步长是获得全局最优解的关键因素之一。为了提高渐进结构优化方法的全局寻优能力,提出一种基于单元密度进化步长控制的双向渐进结构优化方法。该方法根据各单元对结构性能影响的权重系数,建立单元密度进化步长的控制模型以控制主/次要单元的删除速率和添加速率,减小灵敏度误差并抑制灰度单元的产生。在控制单元密度进化步长的基础上结合双向渐进结构优化方法中添加单元的特点,以避免由于误删单元导致优化失败。同时,采用灵敏度再分配技术抑制棋盘格式以获得更平滑的优化构形。最后,通过两个算例验证了本文方法能有效地通过控制单元密度进化步长提高全局寻优能力。     

The effect of operating conditions on the physicochemical characteristics of whey protein–based systems

The uptake of proteins is highly recommended, mainly for athletes, elderly people and patients with serious diseases like dysphagia. In this work, whey proteins were used for producing two kinds of aqueous materials: suspensions of proteins, in the native form, and gels, obtained by protein denaturation. In the first system, proteins are used as interfacial active ingredients or as thickening agents of the aqueous phase, whereas in the second one they are used as structuring agents. These protein-based materials show very different rheological and microstructural behaviour even at the same concentration. In the case of an undenatured system, a growing protein fraction resulted in an increased dimension of their aggregates and all investigated systems exhibited a liquid-like behaviour with a viscosity independent of shear rate and well described by a Krieger-Dougherty model. In the case of thermally denatured systems, it has been observed that, at increasing protein content, aggregates evolve towards a continuous gel network with a fractal behaviour. Both systems have been modelled, according to their specific behaviour, with the aim of proposing equations suitable to relate macroscopic properties and microstructure, useful for designing new food products with predictable properties for different industrial uses.

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