Dynamics of two-level systems beyond the rotating-wave approximation

We study the dynamics of quantum discord and entanglement in a two-qubit system coupled to the same quantized field without rotating-wave approximation. In the absence of initial correlations, we show that maximal quantum discord (entanglement) can be obtained in the strong coupling regime. Analytical result corresponding to an effective Hamiltonian is given. In a deep strong coupling regime, sudden death and sudden birth of entanglement are observed, while the peak value of quantum discord is reached periodically. The results of our investigation also suggest that some special quantum state with non-zero quantum discord may be created.     

A systematic literature review of modern software visualization

Journal of Visualization - We report on the state-of-the-art of software visualization. To ensure reproducibility, we adopted the Systematic Literature Review methodology. That is, we analyzed 1440...     

Spontaneous emission of an excited two-level atom without both rotating-wave and Markovian approximation

The spontaneous emission of an excited atom is analyzed by quantum stochastic trajectory approach without both rotating-wave approximation and Markovian approximation. The atom finite size effect is also taken into account. We show by an example that the correction due to the counter-rotating wave term is rather small, even for the largest atomic number of real nuclei. Received 10 July 2002 / Received in final form 12 November 2002 Published online 4 February 2003     

A two-level Kaluza-Klein theory

Let the Lie groups G and H act on the manifold P in such a way that P fibres as a principal G-bundle over P/G and as an H-bundle over P/H. We find that every pair (,) where is an H-invariant connection form in PP/G and is a G-invariant connection form in PP/H corresponds uniquely to a connection form in PP/(H×G) and a cross-section of a vector bundle with base P/(H×G).     

Multi-photon cooperative radiation from two-level atoms in self-consistent field approximation (SCFA)

We give analytical solutions for k-photon cooperative radiation from two-level atoms for arbitrary k.     

Dynamics of a two-level system coupled to a quantum oscillator: transformed rotating-wave approximation

For studying the dynamics of a two-level system coupled to a quantum oscillator we have presented an analytical approach, the transformed rotating-wave approximation, which takes into account the effect of the counter-rotating terms but still keeps the simple mathematical structure of the ordinary rotating-wave approximation. We have calculated the energy levels of ground and lower-lying excited states, as well as the time-dependent quantum dynamics. It is obvious that the approach is quite simple and can be easily extended to more complicated situation. Besides, the results are compared with the numerically exact ones to show that for weak to intermediate coupling and moderate detuning our analytic calculations are quantitatively in good agreement with the exact ones.     

Spontaneous emission of a two-level system and the influence of the rotating-wave approximation on the final state. I

By using a modified Robertson projection technique an exact equation of motion for the expectation value of the population inversion operatorS ^z of a single two-level atom in the case of spontaneous emission is derived. Afterwards, by making the Markov approximation, it is shown that the ground state expectation value〈S ^z 〉 _t =? 1/2 fort→∞ will be reached only if the rotating-wave approximation or the Born approximation is made additionally.     

Interactions of a two-level atom and a field with a time-varying frequency without rotating-wave approximation

The interactions between a two-level atom and a field with a time-varying frequency without rotating-wave approximation have been investigated. The frequency of the field varies in the form of rectangle. The dynamic behaviors of the atomic population inversion, photon anti-bunching and atomic dipole squeezing are investigated numerically as function of time. A number of novel phenomena are discovered and discussed.     

Is there any need for the born approximation in spontaneous emission by a single two-level atom?

Summary In the case of spontaneous emission, up to date, it was believed that the Born approximation in the projection-operator method as well as in the Heisenberg equations of motion is inevitable. Therefore, no consistent comparison between these methods and that of Weisskopf-Wigner (where no such approximation has been used) was possible. This inconsistency is removed in the present paper.     

二能级系统态函数概率流新形式

首先讨论了一般量子系统的概率流的表达形式,鉴于对于二能级系统态函数的概率流文献中讨论的较少,本文通过定义一些新的变量,给出了二能级系统态函数概率流的新形式,这一新形式中不含有两个态矢的干涉项.     

一种推导二能级原子自发辐射方法

考虑真空涨落能量为负的特点,提出一个能够简洁描述原子与真空涨落相互作用的方程,得到原子处于激发态的概率随时间变化的关系,讨论了原子自发辐射的速率与真空涨落的强度的关系.     

A two-level solvable model involving competing pairing interactions

A model is considered consisting of nucleons moving in two non-degenerate l-shells and interacting through two pairing residual interactions with (S, T) = (1, 0) and (0, 1). These, together with the single particle hamiltonian induce mutually destructive correlations, giving rise to various collective pictures that can be discussed as representing a two-dimensional space of phases. The model is solved exactly using an O(8) ⊗ O(8) group theoretical classification scheme. The transfer of correlated pairs and quartets is also discussed.     

A gauge-covariant derivation of the strong-field approximation

A brief discussion of gauge invariance in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is presented. The strong-field approximation for ionization of an atom by a laser field is rederived in such a way that the resulting ionization amplitude comes out identical in any gauge. This result agrees with the usual length-gauge form.     

Quantum chaos of the two-level atom

The quantum theory of the two-level atom coupled to a single mode of the electromagnetic field is considered as a simple example of “quantum chaos”, defined as the quantum behavior of a dynamical system which is non-integrable in the classical limit.     

A two-level complex network model and its application

This paper investigates the competitive relationship and rivalry of industrial markets, using Chinese household electrical appliance firms as a platform for the study. The common complex network models belong to one-level networks in layered classification, while this paper formulates and evaluates a new two-level network model, in which the first level is the whole unweighted-undirected network useful for macro-analyzing the industrial market structure while the second level is a local weighted-directed network capable of micro-analyzing the inter-firm rivalry in the market. It is believed that the relationship is determined by objective factors whereas the action is rather subjective, and the idea in this paper lies in that the objective relationship and the subjective action subjected to this relationship are being simultaneously considered but at deferent levels of the model which may be applicable to many real applications.