金属材料的激光吸收率研究

针对菲涅耳公式计算金属材料激光吸收率所得的结果与实际测得的吸收率值存在一定的误差这一问题,在详细分析了激光热处理中金属材料吸收率影响因素的基础上,通过数值模拟,改进了金属材料激光吸收率的计算模型,并利用此激光吸收率计算模型(以铝、铜、铂、铁4种金属材料为例)进行激光吸收率的计算和分析,进而计算了3Cr13不锈钢激光吸收率的理论值,该值与用集总参数法测得的3Cr13不锈钢材料激光吸收率结果相吻合,从而验证了该改进的金属材料激光吸收率计算公式的正确性。     

激光量热法测量K9基片的表面吸收和体吸收

表面抛光可能给K9基片带来额外的杂质和吸收,分离K9基片的表面吸收率与体吸收率有助于改进基片的加工质量和抛光工艺,对抗损伤能力研究具有重要意义。分析了激光量热法测量弱吸收的原理,采用符合ISO 11551要求的激光量热计测量K9基片的弱吸收。对相同工艺抛光的不同厚度K9基片进行了弱吸收表征,实验发现K9基片的弱吸收随着厚度增加近似线性增大。推导了表面吸收率和体吸收率的计算式,实验得出本样品的表面吸收率为1.2110-5,体吸收率远大于表面吸收率,体吸收系数为1.7210-3/cm。实验结果显示所用K9样品的吸收主要来自于材料本身,改善抛光工艺对降低其吸收率作用不大。     

基于集总元件的低频宽带超材料吸波体设计与实验研究

提出一种基于集总元件的超材料吸波体结构设计, 并进行了理论分析和实验验证. 仿真结果表明, 该吸波体在2.5 GHz到4.46 GHz的低频带内具有吸收率超过95%、半高宽达到70.4%的良好吸收特性. 反演计算得到的等效输入阻抗表明集总元件的加入可以使该结构在较宽的频率范围内有较好的阻抗匹配特性, 介质表面能量损耗分布的模拟计算结果说明能量主要损耗在了集总电阻中, 从而实现低频宽带的吸收特性. 制备了实验样品并用自由空间法进行测试, 测试结果与模拟结果符合得较好. 进一步的实验测试结果表明FR4基板的厚度对该吸波体的吸收特性有明显的调控作用, 且对于固定参数的结构存在最佳匹配厚度. 关键词： 集总元件 超材料吸波体 低频 宽带     

基于磁谐振器加载的宽频带超材料吸波体的设计

基于加载集总元件的磁谐振器设计了一种宽频带、极化不敏感和宽入射角的超材料吸波体.该吸波体的结构单元由加载集总元件的磁谐振器、介质基板和金属背板组成.仿真得到的加载集总元件和不加载集总元件情况下一维阵列结构吸波体的吸收率表明,相对于不加载集总元件的情况,加载集总元件的一维阵列结构吸波体能够实现宽频带吸波.仿真得到的集总电阻和集总电容取不同值时一维阵列结构吸波体的吸收率表明,集总电阻和集总电容都存在一个最佳值,此时吸波体的吸收率最高、吸收带宽最宽.仿真得到的基板有耗和无耗情况下一维阵列结构吸波体的吸收率表明, 关键词： 磁谐振器 集总元件 宽频带 超材料吸波体     

基于阻抗匹配条件的树枝状超材料吸收器

基于树枝状金属结构单元的电磁谐振特性,设计了一种双面大小树枝状结构的超材料吸收器,该结构分别是正面二级树枝及正对的背面三级树枝.通过仿真模拟设计了不同的阻抗匹配方式,调节相应的结构参数,找到了阻抗匹配对吸收特性的影响.在最佳的阻抗匹配条件下,得到最大吸收率.实验测量表明,阻抗匹配条件下双面大小树枝模型可以实现90.01%吸收率.增加样品层数可以有效的增加吸收率,3层样品就可以达到99%以上的吸收率,实现工程意义的完美吸收.     

表面热透镜薄膜吸收测量灵敏度提高方法

为提高表面热透镜薄膜吸收测量仪的灵敏度，在表面热透镜衍射理论基础上，通过数值模拟给出了探测激光腰斑半径、探测激光腰斑到样品表面距离、样品到探测光纤端面距离等仪器参数的优化方法. 经优化调整后该仪器能达到优于0.1ppm量级的薄膜吸收率测量灵敏度. 关键词： 吸收测量 表面热透镜 光热形变 薄膜     

一种高精度激光吸收率测量装置

针对现有激光吸收率测量的不足，在总结现有激光吸收率测量方法基础上，设计了一种积分球法激光吸收率测量装置。增加了导光管结构，并对光源进行了监测，对光束进行了调制。采用相关检测和同步采集等方法，有效地去除了背景噪声、探测器及检测电路噪声对测量的影响。并实验比较了安装导光管前后装置对样品吸收率的测量影响，并对多个样品进行实验。结果表明，对于样品反射率在10×10-6~10 000×10-6范围内，装置的测量误差可以达到±2%以内，实现了激光吸收率的高精度测量。     

激光吸收涂层性能研究

为了开展激光吸收涂层性能研究,建立了激光加载吸收涂层样品模型,根据材料物性参数模拟了激光能量耦合过程,分析了不同参数激光加载条件下的温升情况.对铜基底表面碳氮化硅涂层开展了反射特性研究,并通过激光辐照实验,开展了涂层样品的抗激光损伤技术研究,得到了强激光辐照下涂层的温度阈值.本文的研究内容为激光能量测量装置涂层选材及参...     

基于波长调制-直接吸收光谱方法的CO分子1567 nm处谱线参数高精度标定

直接吸收光谱(DAS)可直接测量分子吸收率函数,并通过拟合吸收率函数确定待测气体参数.波长调制-直接吸收光谱(WM-DAS)在DAS基础上,结合了波长调制光谱(WMS)中谐波分析思想,利用傅里叶变换复现吸收率函数,可有效提高吸收率函数的测量精度.本文利用WM-DAS方法结合长光程气体吸收池,在室温低压条件下,对CO分子1567 nm处R5-R11近红外弱吸收谱线吸收率函数进行了精确复现,其拟合残差标准差低至3×10^-5,随后根据测得的吸收率函数对谱线的碰撞展宽、Dicke收敛以及速度依赖的碰撞展宽系数等光谱参数进行了高精度标定,并将其与高灵敏度的连续波腔衰荡光谱(CW-CRDS)测量结果进行了比较,实验结果表明该方法与CW-CRDS测量结果具有高度一致性,更具有系统简单、测量速度快、对环境要求低等优点.     

用共线光热偏转技术测量光学薄膜的微弱吸收

用具有高灵敏的共线光热偏转技术研究SiO_2、ZrO_2、MgF_2、ZnS等单层光学薄膜的吸收特性,测得它们的吸收率.实验结果与激光量热法及横向光热偏转技术符合良好,表明共线光热偏转技术是测量光学薄膜弱吸收的较理想方法.     

Measurement of YAG laser absorptance by artificial diamond and cubic boron nitride

Based on the lumped parameter method, this study establishes an experimental scheme for YAG laser absorptance measurement. Laser absorptance is measured on artificial diamond and cubic boron nitride materials under different laser power levels at room temperature. This study presents an analysis of the influence of laser spot size, and number of repeated laser irradiation, heat-insulating material, etc. on absorptance. A theoretical parameter is provided for the process of laser truing and dressing of the corresponding abrasive wheel, and it is important for the analysis and modeling of laser-material interactions. Meanwhile, a reference for measuring the laser absorptance of material with the same physical performance is put forward.     

光学材料连续波激光热—力破坏效应

着重研究连续波激光对光学窗口材料的热－力破坏，由于激光对光学材料的不均匀加热，造成材料内部产生热应力，而加热的进一步发展，可诱发材料宏观破坏，热－力破坏与激光辐照功率和材料本身热性质有关。文中还研究了玻璃钢化对材料抗激光损伤的影响。     

The absorptance of steels to Nd:YLF and Nd:YAG laser light at room temperature

The measurement of absorptance is important for the analysis and modelling of laser-material interactions. Unfortunately, most of the absorptance data presently available considers only polished pure metals rather than the commercially available (unpolished, oxidised) alloys, which are actually being processed in manufacturing. This paper presents the results of absorptance measurements carried out at room temperature on as-received engineering grade steels including hot and cold rolled mild steel and stainless steels of various types. The measurements were made using an integrating sphere with an Nd:YLF laser at two wavelengths (1053 and 527 nm, which means that the results are also valid for Nd:YAG radiation at 1064 and 532 nm). The absorptance results obtained differ considerably from existing data for polished, pure metals and should help improve the accuracy of laser-material interaction models. Some clear trends were identified; for all materials studied, the absorptance was considerably higher than the previously published values for the relevant pure metals with polished surfaces. For all 15 samples the absorptance was higher for the green than for the infrared wavelength. No clear trend correlating the absorptance with the roughness was found for mild steel in the roughness range Sa 0.4-5.6 μm. A correlation between absorptance and roughness was noted for stainless steel for Sa values above 1.5 μm.     

大功率CO2激光器窗口及减反射膜

描述了评价窗口材料的标准,并对Ge,GaAs,ZnSe和KCl四种材料作了比较,发现KCl具有最佳的光学特性,并设计制备了性能优良的减反射膜,测量了它们的吸收和激光损伤阈值.     

锁相热像方法实验测量Nb2O5薄膜吸收率

利用锁相热像方法定量测量了光学镀膜的吸收率。待测薄膜吸收周期调制的激光能量,在表面形成热波,将红外相机记录的热分布信号进行锁相相关处理,获得信噪比提高的热图像。采用标准吸收样品对系统进行定标,可获得光热信号幅度与样品吸收率之间的定量联系,进而在相同实验条件下测量待测样品,可通过光热信号直接计算获得其绝对吸收率。在1 060 nm波长处开展了实验研究,测量获得了不同厚度Nb₂O₅镀膜的吸收率数值,实测的吸收可达80 ppm。     

Temperature-dependent absorptance of painted aluminum, stainless steel 304, and titanium for 1.07 μm and 10.6 μm laser beams

We measured the temperature-dependent absorptance of metals (Al, Ti, SS304) for continuous beams from 1.07 μm fiber laser and 10.6 μm CO₂ laser using power sensors and infrared (IR) pyrometers. The absorptance measurements were repeated for metals with three different paint coatings. For measurements at elevated temperatures up to the melting point, integrating sphere is not practical since high temperature radiation from a heated target disturbs weak output from the sphere considerably. Our results provide how each metal, whether coated or uncoated, absorbs the infrared beams as temperature is elevated to a melting point. A polynomial approximation to the measured absorptance of each target is provided for modeling of the laser-metal interaction at elevated temperatures.     

离子辅助沉积氧化物薄膜的光学特性

考察了不同离子、离子能量、离子束流密度等制备参数对离子辅助沉积的TiO_2、ZrO_2和SiO_2薄膜的折射率、吸收和激光损伤阈值等光学特性的影响。     

Universal absorption of two-dimensional materials within k ⋅ p method

The universal optical absorption is a fascinating property existing in certain two-dimensional (2D) materials. By introducing a general two-band $\mathbf{k}?\mathbf{p}$ effective Hamiltonian, we demonstrate that the absorptance can manifest an universal value at the direct band-edge of 2D materials in three specific cases. However, for general 2D materials, the absorptance becomes nonuniversal. We investigate the dependency of absorptance on the band parameters of general 2D materials. The influences of band-anisotropy and band warping are also considered. Interestingly, we find that the coherent interband coupling and the band warping are responsible for the occurrence of the saddle-point type of Van Hove singularity, which leads to strong light-matter interactions in 2D materials.     

Fresnel absorption of 1 μm- and 10 μm-laser beams at the keyhole wall during laser beam welding: Comparison between smooth and wavy surfaces

The angle-dependent absorption of laser beams at metal surfaces is described by the Fresnel-equations. During keyhole laser welding the essential interaction takes place at very striping angles of incidence of the order of 1-8 degrees at the front of the vapour capillary, called the keyhole. For a smooth vapour capillary, laser beams with a wavelength of about 1 μm operate in a Fresnel-regime where the absorptance increases with the angle of incidence at the wall, towards the weak Brewster-angle maximum. In contrast, for 10 μm-lasers high absorptance around the more pronounced Brewster-angle peak takes place. From high speed imaging keyhole surface waves were observed. Mathematical modelling of the laser-keyhole interaction demonstrates that already relatively little waviness of the melt surface at the keyhole strongly modulates the angles of incidence and in turn the Fresnel-absorption due to varying angles of incidence, soon also leading to shadow zones. Due to this local variation of the angle of incidence the absorptance tends towards the angle-averaged value, with the consequence that for 1 μm-lasers the direct absorptance and in turn the penetration depth increases, particularly at low welding speed, while for 10 μm-lasers it generally decreases.