边界元法计算已知振速封闭面的声辐射

采用边界元法求解封闭面在无限域声媒质中的辐射声场具有内存小、计算精度高、速度快等优点。但需处理被积函数在边界面上的奇异积分及表面Helmholtz方程在特征频率下无唯一解的问题。本文提出把内部Helmholtz方程与它关于内点坐标取导后的式子构成补充方程式,经与表面Helmholtz方程相结合,可求解任意频率下的声辐射问题;而在奇点附近区域,则提出用极坐标变换消除积分的奇异性。文中以轴对称形封闭面为例,计算了具有已知表面振速分布下的辐射声场。     

子波变换在声辐射和声散射数值解中的应用

通过将边界变量用于波展开,获得了求解二维及三维轴对称声辐射和声散射的边界积分方程的子波谱方法,既可求解Ｄｉｒｉｃｈｌｅｔ、Ｎｅｕｍａｎｎ问题,也可求解混合过值问题;它能处理任意边界条件的油对称体．用三维元方法解决了三维轴对称问题边界于波谱方法的奇异积分。给出了二维问题奇异积分的近似积分公式。给出了子波谱方法的系数计算方法,它与传统的边界元系数计算方法相似,易于计算机程序实现,能处理复杂的边界几何形状。该方法的优点是可以获得稀疏的系数矩阵。算例表明：该方法收敛较快,精度高。     

子波谱方法在三维声辐射和声散射中的应用

将边界变量用二维子波展开,获得了三维任意边界条件声辐射和声散射的边界积分方程的子波谱方法.采用以子波为权函数的Gauss积分法计算子波谱方法的系数,获得了与传统边界元法相同的计算量,克服了普通积分法计算子波系数计算量大甚至难以收敛的缺点;采用Duffy的方法解决了子波谱方法中的奇异积分,使其能够用普通的Gauss积分法计算.算例表明:子波谱方法系数矩阵压缩率超过50%以后,计算精度仍然高于传统边界元方法.     

进一步改进边界元方法以克服振动声辐射计算中解的非唯一性

章利用基于三次B样条插值的边界元方法，对振动体外部声辐射问题进行了研究，对CHIEF法及其改进方法作了进一步的改进，提出在加权余量意义下，通过把内部Helmholtz积分方程与其对内点坐标取导后的方程式作线性叠加，在域外构作的一个小体积块上进行积分以形成补充方程，经与表面Helmholtz积分方程相结合，来求解任意频率下的声辐射问题，并以脉动球和摆动球作为算例，说明本提出的方法能够有效地克服在特殊频率处解的非唯一性问题。     

Helmholtz腔与弹性振子耦合结构带隙

为提高Helmholtz型声子晶体低频隔声性能,设计了一种Helmholtz腔与弹性振子的耦合结构,通过声压场及固体振型对其带隙产生机理进行了详细分析,建立了相应的弹簧-振子系统等效模型,并采用理论计算和有限元计算两种方法研究了各结构参数对其带隙的影响情况.研究表明,该结构可等效为双自由度系统振动,在低频范围内具有两个带隙;在6 cm的尺寸下,其第一带隙下限可低至24.5 Hz,而同尺寸无弹性振子结构只能达到42.1 Hz,带隙下限降低了40%,较传统Helmholtz结构具有更为优良的低频隔声特性.另外,在框体尺寸一定的情况下,降低结构间距、增大开口空气通道长度及振子质量、增大左侧腔体体积等方式,是增大带隙宽度、提高低频隔声效果的主要手段.     

部分浸没圆柱壳声固耦合计算的半解析法研究

部分浸没圆柱壳-流场耦合系统的声振分析是一种典型的半空间域内声固耦合问题,其振动及声学计算目前主要依赖于数值方法求解,但无论从检验数值法还是从机理上揭示其声固耦合特性,解析或半解析方法的发展都是不可或缺的.本文提出了一种半解析方法,先将声场坐标系建立在自由液面上,采用正弦三角级数来满足自由液面上的声压释放边界条件;接着基于二维Flügge薄壳理论建立了以圆柱圆心为坐标原点的壳-液耦合系统的控制方程;然后再利用Galerkin法处理声固耦合界面的速度连续条件,推导得到声压幅值与壳体位移幅值之间的关系矩阵并求解该耦合系统的振动和水下声辐射.与有限元软件Comsol进行了耦合系统自由、受迫振动和水下辐射噪声计算结的对比分析,表明本文方法准确可靠.本文的研究为解析求解弹性结构与声场部分耦合的声振问题提供了新的思路.     

水下近水面锥柱组合壳声固耦合效应的半解析求解方法

针对水下近水面锥柱组合壳声固耦合多借助于数值方法求解的现状,本文提出一种半解析方法从机理上分析此类问题。首先基于能量泛函和Sanders壳体理论、虚拟弹簧法以及力与力矩平衡条件建立锥柱组合壳的结构模型;然后采用Legendre谱元法和二维傅里叶变换得到含自由液面的水下声场模型;最后由非线性迭代法和高斯积分求解耦合系统声振控制方程。通过与参考文献和数值方法结果的对比,验证了本文方法的收敛性、正确性和可靠性。研究结果表明,结构参数、浸没深度和激励频率与远场辐射声压密切相关。本文工作可推广到水下含内部结构的复杂旋转组合壳在不同结构边界及声边界下的声固耦合问题。      

一种水平变化波导中声传播问题的耦合模态法

针对介质参数及海底边界水平变化波导中的声传播问题,本文基于多模态导纳法提出一种能量守恒且便于数值稳定求解的耦合模态方法.将声压表示为一组正交完备的本地本征函数之和,对声压满足的Helmholtz方程在本地本征函数上作投影,推导出关于声压模态系数的二阶耦合模态方程组.耦合矩阵直观描述水平变化因素对模态耦合的贡献.为避免直接求解二阶耦合模态方程组可能遇到的数值发散问题,将其重构为两个耦合的一阶演化方程组,引入导纳矩阵并使用Magnus数值积分方法获得稳定的声场解.利用该耦合模态方法数值计算水平变化波导中的声场,并与COMSOL参考解比较,结果表明该耦合模态理论能够精确求解水平变化波导中的点源及分布源传播问题.     

等离子体与外迴路有强耦合的平衡计算

本文考虑了快放电的特点,用积分方法解轴对称自由界面平衡方程。并与解迴路方程相结合,求出等离子体与外迴路有较强耦合情况下的平衡位形及位形随时间的演化。 关键词：     

金刚石氮空位色心耦合机械振子和腔场系统中方差压缩研究

研究了金刚石氮空位中心(NV色心)同时耦合腔场和机械振子系统中声子场的方差压缩动力学特性,分析了金刚石NV色心初态和NV色心与机械振子耦合强度对声子场方差压缩影响.结果发现:可以制备压缩时间长、压缩幅度大的声子场压缩态,其物理原因是机械振子具有最大相干性,并且通过调控NV色心初态以及磁场梯度可以实现对机械振子方差压缩非经典特性的操控,从而在理论上提供了一种调控声子场方差压缩的方式.     

基于Burton-Miller方程的轴对称结构声学边界元方法

提出了一种求取轴对称结构任意边界条件下声辐射特性的边界元方法。采用Burton和Miller改进型公式将高阶奇异项转化为弱奇异项之和,保证声辐射参数的唯一性,且计算简单精确。将结构表面声压与振速按照旋转轴角度进行Fourier级数展开,利用级数的正交性建立各项待定系数的求解公式;然后转化格林函数的法向偏导为切向偏导,方便直接计算各项积分,并将面积分公式表示为沿结构边界的线积分和沿旋转角度的积分;进一步采用二次等参单元离散结构边界线,建立声压与振速的关系矩阵,从而确定结构声辐射参数。以脉动球源和横向振动球源为例计算,与解析解和传统边界元法结果作对比,说明该方法的有效精确性。     

Transfer matrix method for internal noise prediction of an arbitrary shell-cavity structure induced by temporal-spatial random surface excitation

Combining structural finite element method(FEM),acoustic finite element and boundary element methods,a model of elastic shell vibration of an arbitrary shell-cavity structure coupled with internal and external sound fields is built.In addition,the transfer matrices from the excitation force to vibration of the shell and internal sound field are calculated.As the fluctuating pressure of turbulent boundary layer(TBL) is a temporal-spatial random surface excitation,the overall shape function matrix is introduced,and then the relationship between power spectral density matrix of the generalized nodal force of the elastic shell and power spectral density of the temporal-spatial random surface excitation is derived.Utilizing the vibro-acoustic coupled transfer matrix,relationships between the power spectral densities of vibration of the elastic shell/internal sound field and the power spectral density matrix of the generalized nodal force are obtained.Thus,the calculation method of vibration and internal sound field of an arbitrary shell-cavity structure induced by temporal-spatial random surface excitation is established.A typical vibro-acoustic coupled model of a rectangular cavity with acoustic media internally and externally,and with elastic rectangular plate on one side,is taken as example.The vibration of the elastic shell and power spectral density of the internal sound field are calculated and compared with the analytical method.The two results generally agree with the analytical one,with deviations of about 1 dB and 2 dB,respectively.The transfer matrix method has good adaptability which is not restricted by the shell-cavity structure and the shape of the inner region.     

An axisymmetric poroelastic finite element formulation.

In the past, various two- and three-dimensional Cartesian, poroelastic finite element formulations have been proposed and demonstrated. Here an axisymmetric formulation of a poroelastic finite element is presented. The intention of this work was to develop a finite element formulation that could easily and efficiently model axisymmetric sound propagation in circular structures having arbitrary, axially dependent radii, and that are lined or filled with elastic porous sound absorbing materials such as foams. The formulation starts from the Biot equations for an elastic porous material expressed explicitly in axisymmetric form. By following a standard finite element development, a u-U formulation results. Procedures for coupling the axisymmetric elements to an adjacent acoustical domain are described, as are the boundary conditions appropriate for unfaced foams. Calculations described here show that the present formulation yields predictions as accurate as a Cartesian, three-dimensional model in much reduced time. Predictions made using the present model are also compared with measurements of sound transmission through cylindrical foam plugs, and the predicted results are shown to agree well with the measurements. Good agreement was also found in the case of sound transmission through a conical foam plug.     

小波元方法在声子晶体周期结构中的应用

将双正交小波系统和谱元法的思想结合得到一般有界区域中的双正交小波元,将小波元的边界适应性推广到一阶微分的情形,通过匹配得到严格满足边界条件的小波基函数;基于小波元发展一种一维声子晶体能带计算方法.该方法利用声子晶体本身的结构特点,兼顾小波在数值分析中的优势和边界条件的满足,与周期小波法相比,具有更高的计算精度和计算效率.     

Numerical treatment of acoustic problems with the smoothed finite element method

We incorporated a cell-wise acoustic pressure gradient smoothing operation into the standard compatible finite element method and extended the smoothed finite element method (SFEM) for 2D acoustic problems. This enhancement was especially useful for dealing with the problem of an arbitrary shape with violent distortion elements. In this method, the domain integrals that involve shape function gradients can be converted into boundary integrals that involve only shape functions. Restrictions on the shape elements can be removed, and the problem domain can be discretized in more flexible ways. Numerical results showed that the proposed method achieved more accurate results and higher convergence rates than the corresponding finite element methods, even for violently distorted meshes. The most promising feature of SFEM is its insensitivity to mesh distortion. The superiority of the method is remarkable, especially when solving problems that have high wave numbers. Hence, SFEM can be beneficially applied in solving two-dimensional acoustic problems with severely distorted elements, which, in practice, have more foreground than regularity mesh.     

Regular algorithm for the automatic refinement of the spectral characteristics of acoustic finite element models

A new method is presented for the automatic refinement of finite element models of complex mechanical–acoustic systems using the results of experimental studies. The method is based on control of the spectral characteristics via selection of the optimal distribution of adjustments to the stiffness of a finite element mesh. The results of testing the method are given to show the possibility of its use to significantly increase the simulation accuracy of vibration characteristics of bodies with arbitrary spatial configuration.     

A Legendre spectral element model for sloshing and acoustic analysis in nearly incompressible fluids

A new spectral finite element formulation is presented for modeling the sloshing and the acoustic waves in nearly incompressible fluids. The formulation makes use of the Legendre polynomials in deriving the finite element interpolation shape functions in the Lagrangian frame of reference. The formulated element uses Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre quadrature scheme for integrating the volumetric stiffness and the mass matrices while the conventional Gauss–Legendre quadrature scheme is used on the rotational stiffness matrix to completely eliminate the zero energy modes, which are normally associated with the Lagrangian FE formulation. The numerical performance of the spectral element formulated here is examined by doing the inf–sup test on a standard rectangular rigid tank partially filled with liquid. The eigenvalues obtained from the formulated spectral element are compared with the conventional equally spaced node locations of the h-type Lagrangian finite element and the predicted results show that these spectral elements are more accurate and give superior convergence. The efficiency and robustness of the formulated elements are demonstrated by solving few standard problems involving free vibration and dynamic response analysis with undistorted and distorted spectral elements, and the obtained results are compared with available results in the published literature.     

A three-dimensional hybrid finite element/spectral analysis of noise radiation from turbofan inlets

This paper describes a new three-dimensional (3D) analysis of tonal noise radiated from non-axisymmetric turbofan inlets. The novelty of the method is in combining a standard finite element discretisation of the acoustic field in the axial and radial coordinates with a Fourier spectral representation in the circumferential direction. The boundary conditions at the farfield, fan face and acoustic liners are treated using the same spectral representation. The resulting set of discrete acoustic equations are solved employing the well-established BICGSTAB or QMR iterative algorithms and a very effective specialised preconditioner based on the axisymmetric mean geometry and flow field. Numerical examples demonstrate the suitability of the new method to engine configurations with realistic 3D features, such as relatively large degrees of asymmetry and spliced acoustic liners. The examples also illustrate the two advantages of the new method over a traditional 3D finite element approach. The new method requires a significantly smaller number of unknowns as relatively few circumferential Fourier modes in the spectral solution ensure an accurate field representation. Also, due to the effective preconditioner, the spectral linear solver benefits from stable iterations at a high rate of convergence.     

传递矩阵法预报时空随机激励下任意薄壳腔体内部噪声

利用结构有限元结合声有限元及边界元方法,建立了任意薄壳腔体弹性壳板振动与内外声场的耦合模型,并计算了激励力与壳板振动和内部声场之间的传递矩阵;湍流边界层脉动压力具有时空随机面激励特性,引入整体形状函数矩阵,进一步推导弹性壳板广义节点力功率谱密度函数矩阵与随机面分布激励力功率谱密度函数的关系,再利用声振耦合传递矩阵,得到弹性壳板振动和内部声场功率谱密度函数与广义节点力功率谱密度函数矩阵的关系,形成随机分布激励下任意薄壳腔体结构振动及内部声场的计算方法。以典型的内外均有声介质且一面为弹性矩形板的矩形腔声振耦合模型为例,计算了弹性壳板振动和内部声场功率谱密度函数,并与解析方法进行了比较,两者基本吻合,偏差分别为1 dB和2 dB左右。传递矩阵法不受腔体结构及其内部区域形状的制约,具有良好的适用性。      

Galerkin时空耦合谱元法求解声波动方程

提出了时空耦合谱元方法,并将其用于带第一类边界条件的非齐次一维、二维、三维波动方程的求解。分别采用四边形、六面体和超六面体作为计算单元,在每个单元内采用Chebyshev多项式的极值点作为Lagrange插值节点,并且探讨了区域剖分方式对计算精度的影响。时空耦合谱元法能够得到精度很高的数值结果,并且其色散随时间推移是稳定的;当总网格节点数相同时,不同的网格剖分方式所得数值误差不同,当空间方向Chebyshev多项式的阶数较高和时间方向Chebyshev多项式的阶数较低时,得到的数值精度较高;在总节点数相同的情况下,与时间全域方式相比,逐时间子区域方式计算所需要的时间更经济,两种方式可以得到相同的精度。结果表明:时空耦合谱元方法使时空方向精度相匹配,可以提高整体精度;空间方向的Chebyshev多项式对数值精度起主要影响作用;时间子区域方式的采用可以扩大问题的计算区域。