笼形聚偕胺肟树脂的研究HX／ACAO树脂吸附贵金属

氢卤酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸和硼酸处理的笼形聚偕胺肟树脂（ＨＸ／Ａ－ＣＡＯ）对Ａｇ＋和等贵金属离子的吸附能力按如下顺序：ＰｄＣｌ４２－：Ｈ３ＢＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＢＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＰＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＩ／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＣｌ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＮＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＦ／ＡＣＡＯ．ＩｒＣｌ６２－：ＢＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＰＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＢＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＣｌ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＦ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＩ／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ≥ＨＮＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ．ＰｔＣｌ６２：ＢＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＢＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＮＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＣｌ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＦ／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＰＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＩ／ＡＣＡＯ．Ａｇ＋：ＢＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＢＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＩ／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＦ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＣｌ／ＡＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＰＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＮＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ．ＡｕＣｌ４－：ＢＣＡＯ＞Ｈ３ＢＯ３＞Ｈ３ＰＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＦ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＣｌ／Ａ－ＣＡＯ＞Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＩ／ＡＣＡＯ＞ＨＮＯ３／Ａ－ＣＡＯ．研究了Ｈ３ＢＯ３／ＡＣＡＯ树脂对Ａｇ＋和离子的吸附动力学，讨论了吸附机理．     

聚(丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸)/聚(丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵)聚电解质复合溶液动态光散射研究

通过动态光散射、粘度和透光率测定，研究了聚（丙烯酰胺 丙烯酸）［Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）］／聚（丙烯酰胺 二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵）［Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）］聚电解质复合溶液的结构和性能．结果表明，Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）复合比、溶液浓度和氯化钠用量影响溶液中复合物的构象和流体力学半径．Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）分子链间适度的库仑相互作用，可形成均相Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）／Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）聚电解质复合溶液，复合物具有较伸展的构象和较大的流体力学半径，因而溶液粘度较高．Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）分子链间过强的库仑相互作用或小分子电解质的屏蔽作用，可使复合物构象卷曲，结构紧缩，流体力学半径减小，甚至产生相分离，导致溶液粘度降低．     

植物生长激素的毛细管胶束电动色谱法分离

以高效毛细管胶束电动色谱法对赤霉素（ＧＡ）、脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）、吲哚丁酸（ＩＢＡ）、吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）、萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ）等植物生长激素的分离和测定进行了研究。考察了各种操作参数及有机添加剂对分离的影响,得到良好的分离结果。对各组分进行了定量测定研究,ＡＢＡ、ＧＡ、ＩＢＡ、ＩＡＡ及ＮＡＡ的最低检测浓度依次为５．０,３．０,０．５８,０．１５,０．１４ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnO-Ag CORE-SHELL ULTRAFINE PARTICLE

ＴＨＥ　ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮ　ＡＮＤ　ＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ　ＯＦ　ＺｎＯ－Ａｇ　ＣＯＲＥ－ＳＨＥＬＬ　ＵＬＴＲＡＦＩＮＥ　ＰＡＲＴＩＣＬＥＴＨＥＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＺｎＯ－ＡｇＣＯＲＥ－ＳＨＥ...     

聚苯胺修饰电极上抗坏血酸与多巴安胺氧化峰的分离

本文介绍了一种分离抗坏血酸（ＡＡ）和多巴胺（ＤＡ）氧化峰的新方法。聚苯胺（ＰＡ）ＡＡ和ＤＡ有不同的催化性。因而在ＰＡ修饰电极上，ＡＡ和ＤＡ在不同的电位被氧化，从而解决了二者氧化峰不能分离的问题。实验表明，在ＰＡ膜电极上，ＡＡ和ＤＡ氧化峰可分开约１４０ｍＶ。     

SALVIAFLASIDE AND SALVIAFLASIDE METHYL ESTER TWO NEW DEPSIDIC GLYCOSIDES FROM SALVIA FLAVA

ＳＡＬＶＩＡＦＬＡＳＩＤＥＡＮＤＳＡＬＶＩＡＦＬＡＳＩＤＥＭＥＴＨＹＬＥＳＴＥＲＴＷＯＮＥＷＤＥＰＳＩＤＩＣＧＬＹＣＯＳＩＤＥＳＦＲＯＭＳＡＬＶＩＡＦＬＡＶＡ￥ＬｉＭｉｎＡＨＡＯ；ＷｅｎＹｉＨＥ；ＸｉａｏＴｉａｎＬＩＡＮＧａｎｄＬｉａｎＮｉａｎｇＬＩ...     

TWO NEW ARISTOLACTAMS FROM ARISTOLOCHIA CINNABARINA

ＴＷＯ　ＮＥＷ　ＡＲＩＳＴＯＬＡＣＴＡＭＳ　ＦＲＯＭ　ＡＲＩＳＴＯＬＯＣＨＩＡ　ＣＩＮＮＡＢＡＲＩＮＡ￥ＨｏｎｇＬＩ；ＹｏｕｊｉＳＡＫＡＧＡＭＩ；ＳｈｉｎｇｏＭＡＲＵＭＯ；ＸｉｎＭｉｎＣＨＥＮ（ＣｈｅｎｇｄｕＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ，Ａｃ...     

VAPORIZATION HEAT AT NORMAL BOILING POINT AND MOLECULAR TOPOLOGY FOR PARAFFINS

ＶＡＰＯＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ　ＨＥＡＴ　ＡＴ　ＮＯＲＭＡＬ　ＢＯＩＬＩＮＧ　ＰＯＩＮＴ　ＡＮＤ　ＭＯＬＥＣＵＬＡＲ　ＴＯＰＯＬＯＧＹ　ＦＯＲ　ＰＡＲＡＦＦＩＮＳＶＡＰＯＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＨＥＡＴＡＴＮＯＲＭＡＬＢＯＩＬＩＮＧＰＯＩＮＴＡＮＤＭＯＬＥＣＵＬＡ...     

NEW OSCILLATING CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF A COPPER（Ⅱ）TETRAAZAMACROCYCLIC COMPLEX

ＮＥＷ　ＯＳＣＩＬＬＡＴＩＮＧ　ＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬ　ＲＥＡＣＴＩＯＮＳ　ＷＩＴＨ　ＴＨＥ　ＰＡＲＴＩＣＩＰＡＴＩＯＮ　ＯＦ　Ａ　ＣＯＰＰＥＲ（Ⅱ）ＴＥＴＲＡＡＺＡＭＡＣＲＯＣＹＣＬＩＣ　ＣＯＭＰＬＥＸＮＥＷＯＳＣＩＬＬＡＴＩＮＧＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＲＥＡＣ...     

MANNICH REACTION OF HG_eCl_3 WITH BENZYL AMINE AND AROMATIC ALDEHYDES

ＭＡＮＮＩＣＨ　ＲＥＡＣＴＩＯＮ　ＯＦ　ＨＧ＿ｅＣｌ＿３　ＷＩＴＨ　ＢＥＮＺＹＬ　ＡＭＩＮＥ　ＡＮＤ　ＡＲＯＭＡＴＩＣ　ＡＬＤＥＨＹＤＥＳＭＡＮＮＩＣＨＲＥＡＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＨＧ＿ｅＣｌ＿３ＷＩＴＨＢＥＮＺＹＬＡＭＩＮＥＡＮＤＡＲＯＭＡＴＩＣＡＬＤＥＨ...     

Direct coupling of capillary electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the identification of a dinucleotide

Summary In this paper, a general peak capacity expression was evaluated using columns containing various packing materials under solvating gas chromatography (SGC) conditions. Differing from column efficiency, peak capacity can describe both separation capability and speed when introducing the dead time into the peak capacity expression. Various factors that influence peak capacity in SGC are described, including particle pore size, chemical surface modification, particle size, column length, temperature, and pressure.     

QDTA/T/EGD/GC在线联同技术 Ⅵ.煤的热氧化、燃烧反应过程及其机理的研究

应用QDTA/T/EGD/GC在线联同技术及其装置,测定了四种不同变质程度的煤质之DTA/EGD/GC燃烧特性曲线,从中可提供如下三方面的信息和数据:(1)依据DTA测得的燃烧特性曲线,可取得在氧化、燃烧全过程中各项热特性的表征温度。(2)依据跟踪DTA逸出气成份的浓度变化所测得的EGD曲线,可了解不同煤质在热解、着火和燃烧特性等方面的差异。(3)依据DTA/EGD曲线的演变,可截取各个反应温度下之逸出气,进行在线的GC分析。在上述实验结果的基础上,应用过氧化物学说探讨煤的低温氧化反应机理。     

Gas sensing performance of polyaniline/ZnO organic-inorganic hybrids for detecting VOCs at low temperature

Polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline, and ZnO, with the mean particle size of 28 nm, was synthesized by a non-aqueous solvent method. The organic-inorganic PANI/ZnO hybrids with different mass fractions of PANI were obtained by mechanically mixing the prepared PANI and ZnO. The gas sensing properties of PANI/ZnO hybrids to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including methanol, ethanol and acetone were investigated at a low operating temperature of 90°C. Compared with the pure PANI and ZnO, the PANI/ZnO hybrids presented much higher response to VOCs. Meanwhile, the PANI/ZnO hybrid exhibited a good reversibility and a short response-recovery time, implying its potential application for gas sensors. The sensing mechanism was suggested to be related to the existence of p-n heterojunctions in the PANI/ZnO hybrids.     

Fast,very fast,and ultra-fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of thermally labile steroids,carbamates, and drugs in supersonic molecular beams

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of thermally labile compounds have been studied by using a short column fast gas chromatograph, coupled with fly-through electron ionization in supersonic molecular beams. Thirty-two compounds, which include steroids, carbamate pesticides, antibiotic drugs, and other pharmaceutical compounds, have been analyzed and the details of their GC-MS analysis are provided. The ability to analyze thermally labile compounds is discussed in relation to the speed of analysis. A new term, “speed enhancement factor” (SEF), is defined as the product of column length reduction and the carrier gas linear velocity increase, as compared with normal GC-MS conditions. Fast, very fast, and ultra-fast GC-MS are defined with a SEF in the ranges of 5–30, 30–400, and 400–4000, respectively. Trade-offs in the degree of dissociation, speed, gas chromatograph resolution, and sensitivity were studied and examined with thermally labile molecules. The experimental factors that affect the dissociation are described with emphasis on its reduction. We claim that the use of supersonic molecular beams for sampling and ionization provides the ultimate capability in the GC-MS of thermally labile compounds. The obtained 70-eV electron ionization mass spectra are shown, and an enhanced relative abundance of the molecular ion is demonstrated together with library search capability of these mass spectra, which is better than that reported with particle beam liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The performance of fast GC-MS in supersonic molecular beams is compared with other methods of fast GC-MS and with particle beam liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.     

生物质在流化床中的空气-水蒸气气化研究

以流化床为反应器，对生物质的空气-水蒸气气化特性进行了研究。考察了一些主要参变量，如温度 (700 ℃～900 ℃)、水蒸气/生物质比(0～4.04)、空气当量比(0.19～0.27)以及生物质粒度(0.2 mm～0.9 mm)等对气化结果的影响。在实验研究的条件范围内，生物质产气率在1.43 m3/kg～2.57 m3/kg范围内变化，产气的低热值在6 741 kJ/m3～9 143 kJ/m3范围内变化。实验结果表明：较高的气化温度有利于氢的产生；但气化温度过高会使气体热值下降；与常规的空气气化相比，水蒸气的加入使生物质气化产气率显著提高，但水蒸气加入量过多使气化温度下降，产气率和产气热值降低；生物质颗粒粒度的大小对产气组分的分布和产气率均有影响，较小颗粒的生物质会产生较多的CH4、CO和较少的CO2。     

微反应器在合成化学中的应用

微反应器在传质、换热方面具有较明显的优势,可以强化混合和精确控温,还可以大大缩短工艺筛选和工艺放大的周期。 本文着重从液相反应、气相反应和气/液反应3个方面对微反应技术在合成中的应用做了较详细的评述,同时也简略介绍了其在光化学和电化学反应中的应用,并概要介绍了微反应技术现阶段存在的问题。     

Silicone-protein surfactants; stability of water-in-silicone oil emulsions

Small scale water-in-silicone oil emulsions were readily prepared using high speed mixers. Two surfactant systems were studied: a comb-type silicone-polyether surfactant, and a surfactant system employing a mixture of the surface active protein human serum albumin (HSA, in the internal phase) and an alkoxysilane-modified silicone TES-PDMS in the silicone oil (continuous phase). Little difference in particle sizes was noted between the two surfactant types for a given mixing protocol, but dual-blade turbulent mixing led to relatively monodisperse particles of approximately 2–5 m in diameter while high speed Dremel mixers led to bimodal particle distributions. Prior to spontaneous demulsification of the latter emulsions stabilized by HSA/TES-PDMS (the 3225C emulsions remain stable), they proved very difficult to break. The addition of dibutyltin dilaurate to the HSA/TES-PDMS-stabilized emulsions led to catastrophic collapse of the emulsion and formation of a silicone elastomer at the bulk water/oil interface. This makes unlikely the possibility that silicone elastomers, formed by protein-catalyzed crosslinking of the alkoxysilane in albumin/TES-PDMS-stabilized emulsions, are involved in stabilizing the emulsion. The nature of the stabilization of the interface is discussed.     

Evaluation of the degree of mixing of combinations of dry syrup, powder, and fine granule products in consideration of particle size distribution using near infrared spectrometry

We used near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to evaluate the degree of mixing of blended dry syrup (DS) products whose particle sizes are not specified in the Revised 16th Edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and also evaluated the degree of mixing when powder products or fine granule products were added to DS products. The data obtained were used to investigate the relationship between the particle size distributions of the products studied and the degree of mixing. We found that the particle size distribution characteristics of the 15 DS products studied can be broadly classified into 5 types. Combinations of frequently prescribed products were selected to represent 4 of the 5 particle size distribution types and were blended with a mortar and pestle. The coefficient of variation (CV) decreased as the percent mass of Asverin? Dry Syrup 2% (Asverin-DS) increased in blends of Periactin? Powder 1% (Periactin) and Asverin-DS, indicating an improved degree of mixing (uniformity). In contrast, in blends of Periactin and Mucodyne? DS 33.3%, mixing a combination at a 1:1 mass ratio 40 times resulted in a CV of 20%. Other mixing frequencies and mass ratios resulted in a CV by 50% to 70%, indicating a very poor degree of mixing (poor uniformity). These results suggest that when combining different DSs, or a DS with a powder or fine granule product, the blending obtained with a mortar and pestle improves as the particle size distributions of the components approach each other and as the ranges of the distributions narrow.     

Optimization of Coagulation-Flocculation Process in Efficient Arsenic Removal from Highly Contaminated Groundwater by Response Surface Methodology

Elevated arsenic (As) contamination in water, especially groundwater, has been recognized as a major problem of catastrophic proportions. This work explores As(V) removal via the coagulation-flocculation process by use of ferric chloride coagulant and polyacrylamide k16 co-coagulant as a first time. The effects of major operating variables such as coagulant dosing (50, 125 and 200 mg/L), co-coagulant dosing (5, 12.5 and 20 mg/L), pH (6, 7and 8), fast mixing time (1, 2 and 3 min), and fast mixing speed (110, 200 and 300 rpm) on As(V) removal efficiency were investigated by a Box-Behnken statistical experiment design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). According to factors F values, coagulant dosing, rapid mixing speed, pH, and co-coagulant dosing showed the most effect on As(V) removal efficiency, and the rapid mixing time factor indicated the slightest effect. The proposed quadratic model was significant with a p value < 0.0001 and has satisfactorily described the experimental data with R² and adjusted R² values of 0.9855 and 0.9738, respectively. Predicted model optimal conditions with target of complete As(V) removal were coagulant dosing = 197.63 ppm, co-coagulant dosing = 19.55 ppm, pH = 7.37, fast mixing time = 1.43 min and fast mixing speed = 286.77 rpm. The treatment of Nazarabad well water sample with an initial As(V) concentration of 5 mg/L under the optimal conditions removed 100% As(V) with the volume of produced sludge of 10.7 mL/200 mL. Increasing coagulant dosing, co-coagulant dosing, fast mixing time and fast mixing speed operation parameters from low-level to high-level values indicated 78%, 20%, 10.52% and 9.47% increases in volume of the produced sludge, respectively. However, a reduction of 13.63% in volume of the produced sludge resulted via pH increases.     

Methane production in a 100-L upflow bioreactor by anaerobic digestion of farm waste

Manure waste from dairy farms has been used for methane production for decades, however, problems such as digester failure are routine. The problem has been investigated in small scale (1–2 L) digesters in the laboratory; however, very little scale-up to intermediate scales are available. We report production of methane in a 100-L digester and the results of an investigation into the effect of partial mixing induced by gas upflow/recirculation in the digester. The digester was operated for a period of about 70 d (with 16-d hydraulic retention time) with and without the mixing induced by gas recirculation through an internal draft tube. The results show a clear effect of mixing on digester operation. Without any mixing, the digester performance deteriorated within 30–50 d, whereas with mixing continuous production of methane was observed. This study demonstrates the importance of mixing and its critical role in design of large scale anaerobic digesters.