Natural vibrations of a pipeline segment

Transverse natural vibrations of an extended segment of a pipeline conveying a uniformly moving fluid are studied. The mechanical model under study takes into account the pipe and fluid inertia forces and the moment of the Coriolis and centrifugal forces due to the medium motion. It is assumed that both ends are rigidly fixed and the elastic characteristics are constant along the pipe. A mathematical model is developed on the basis of a generalized procedure of separation of variables, and a boundary value problemfor the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions (natural frequencies and vibration shapes) is posed. Ferrari’s formulas are used to solve the fourth-order complex characteristic equation for the wave parameter, and a closed procedure of numerical-analytical determination of roots of the secular equation for the frequencies is obtained. The frequency curves for the firsts two vibration modes against the dimensionless velocity and inertia parameters are constructed. The forms of the observed motions at different times are obtained. Several effects are revealed indicating that there is a dramatic quantitative and qualitative difference between these vibrations and the standard vibrations corresponding to the case of immovablemedium. We discover the absence of a rectilinear configuration of the axis, the variable number and location of nodes, their inconsistency with the mode number, and some other effects.     

Coupled seismic vibrations of a pipeline in an infinite elastic medium

The exact solution of the problem of coupled seismic vibrations of an underground pipeline and an infinite elasticmediumis given. A method dramatically simplifying the solution of the exterior problem for themedium is proposed on the basis of the established theorem on the separation of the boundary conditions for the wave potentials on the surface of the cylinder. The obtained results permit improving the incorrect consideration of the problem accepted in the literature.     

Equation of small transverse vibrations of an elastic pipeline filled with a transported fluid

The integro-differential equation of small transverse vibrations of a rectilinear elastic pipeline filled with a transported fluid is obtained. The pipeline vibrations are described in the linear setting in the beam approximation. The mutual dynamic influence of motions of the pipeline and the filling fluid is taken into account. A complete trigonometric series method is presented for solving problems with various boundary and initial conditions for the pipeline deflection.     

Steady-state seismic vibrations of a buried pipeline in a viscoelastic soil

Steady-state coupled longitudinal vibrations of a buried pipeline and a viscoelastic soil during an earthquake are studied. Using specific examples of soils described by the Kelvin–Voigt model and by the viscous liquid model, the main qualitative and quantitative effects of viscosity on the behavior and seismic stability of metallic (steel) and concrete pipelines are clarified.     

Basic vibrations and anharmonic analysis of a vibration

We prove that, besides the simple harmonic vibrations, some anharmonic vibrations are basic as well, because a general vibration can be considered as a superposition of such vibrations with different frequencies. The results in this paper are a generalization of Fourier analysis and a new theory of vibration analysis.     

Electroelastic vibrations of a hollow spherical segment made of a piezoelectric ceramic

S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 41–45, October, 1994.     

Behavior of a floating elastic plate during vibrations of a bottom segment

The Wiener-Hopf technique is used to obtain an analytical solution for the problem of vibrations of a floating semi-infinite elastic plate due to earthquake-induced vibrations of a bottom segment. An explicit solution is obtained ignoring the inertial term. The surface-wave amplitudes and ice-plate deflection are studied numerically as functions of the frequency and position of the vibrating bottom segment, ice thickness, and fluid depth.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 98–108, March–April, 2005.     

On invariance properties of an extended energy balance

Gradient plasticity theories are of utmost importance for accounting for size effects in metals, especially on the grain scale. Today, there are several methods used to derive the governing equations for the additional degrees of freedom in gradient plasticity theories. Here, the equivalence between an extended principle of virtual power and an extended energy balance is shown. The energy balance of a Boltzmann continuum is supplemented by contributions based on a scalar-valued degree of freedom. It is considered to be invariant with respect to a change of observer. This yields unambiguously the existence of a corresponding micro-stress vector, which is presumed from the outset in the context of an extended principle of virtual power. A thermodynamically consistent nonlocal evolution equation for the additional, scalar-valued degree of freedom is obtained by evaluation of the dissipation inequality in terms of the Clausius–Duhem inequality. Partitioning the nonlocal flow rule yields a partial differential equation, often referred to as micro-force balance. The approach presented is applied to derive a slip gradient crystal plasticity theory regarding single slip. Finally, the distribution of the plastic slip is exemplified with respect to a laminate material consisting of an elastic and an elastoplastic phase.     

Model of a fracture as an emitter of elastic vibrations

During the past two decades a new method has begun to be intensively developed for the investigation of fracture processes which is based on recording the mechanical vibrations generated by the defects of a medium [1]. The new method's problems include: extraction of a useful signal from the extraneous noises, identification of the type of defect, determination of its characteristic dimensions, and an estimate of the danger of the situation which has developed. The solution of the problems indicated has great meaning in such practical applications as nondestructive quality control and the engineering diagnostics of materials and manufactured goods. Therefore, the investigation of the spectrum of the signals produced by the formation of macroscopic fractures, such as the terminal and, consequently, most dangerous phase of fracture, is of great interest. The kinematical characteristics of a fracture as an emitter of elastic vibrations are formulated in this paper. The spatial and time spectra of the dynamical motions caused by the appearance of a growing fracture in a thin plate are discussed. Relationships are derived between the spectral characteristics of propagating disturbances and the parameters of the fracture.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 2, pp. 160–166, March–April, 1976.The author thanks L. I. Slepyan for valuable discussion and attention to this research.     

Stability of a pipeline section with an elastic support

We systematically study the stability of a pipeline section filled with a moving nonviscous fluid. The computational scheme of the pipeline is a rod one of whose ends is rigidly fixed and the other is elastically supported. For the problem parameters we take the fluid relative mass, the fluid flow rate, and the rigidity of the elastic support. We study the dynamic buckling frequencies and modes for various critical values of the parameters and the behavior of characteristic exponents on the complex plane. We also analyze the influence of the elastic support on the position of the stability region boundaries and on the type of buckling in the transition to a critical state.     

Heat transfer and flow induced by both natural convection and vibrations inside an open-end vertical channel

The effects of oscillatory motions that may present at a wall during vibrating conditions are studied on flow induced by natural convection and heat transfer inside an open-end vertical channel. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized and reduced to simpler forms. Analytical solutions are obtained for several limiting cases. The reduced governing equations are solved for various values of the controlling parameters. It is found that mean values of average Nusselt numbers are mainly affected by the Grashof number and the amplitude of the horizontal vibrations. Further, amplitudes of Nusselt numbers at the vibrated wall are decreased as the Grashof number increases for horizontal vibrations while they are increased as amplitudes of vibrations increase. It is also found that the squeezing/vibrational Reynolds number, Grashof number and amplitudes of vibrations have a great influence on the trends of stream lines and isotherms especially at low Grashof numbers. Finally, correlations that summarize the effects of the different controlling parameters are determined on the Nusselt numbers and their amplitudes at relatively low frequency of vibrations.     

The natural vibrations of rectangular plates reinforced by orthogonal ribs

A technique is proposed to determine the fundamental frequencies of vibrations of rectangular plates strengthened by an orthogonal system of ribs. The necessity of allowing for the discrete arrangement of ribs is demonstrated by numerical examples. S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 36, No. 7, pp. 117–122, July, 2000.     

Asymmetric vibrations of an elastic sphere

Historically, the vector Navier equation governing the dynamic response of an elastic, homogeneous, isotropic sphere has been solved using the Helmholtz decomposition of the displacement vector. Further, many of the problems in the literature have been restricted to ones involving axisymmetric geometry. In this presentation, the time-dependent Navier equation is solved using a set of vector spherical harmonics which, previously, has been used primarily in quantum mechanics studies but which seems particularly useful in solving asymmetric problems with nonconservative body forces. Expressions for the displacements, strains, and stresses and a discussion of the vibrations of an elastic sphere are given.Part of the material presented here was developed while the author was on a Developmental Leave at the University of Texas at Austin.