手性毛细管电色谱拆分比索洛尔、阿替洛尔、克仑特罗和特布他林

以万古霉素(vancomycin)毛细管柱为手性分离色谱柱,采用CLC和pCEC方法,对比索洛尔、阿替洛尔、克仑特罗和特布他林进行了手性拆分研究。在CLC方法中,上述4种物质均在甲醇/异丙醇/三乙胺/冰醋酸(60/40/0.05/0.1,V/V)条件下获得最大分离,分离度(Rs)分别为1.9、1.4、1.1和0.9。在pCEC方法中,采用极性有机模式时,Rs分别为1.9、1.4、1.5和1.5;采用反相模式时,Rs分别为2.0、1.7和1.2,而特布他林则未获分离。该方法能有效拆分比索洛尔、阿替洛尔、克仑特罗和特布他林,而且CLC、pCEC极性有机模式和pCEC反相模式之间有着较强的互补关系。     

磺酸化β-环糊精聚合物的合成及其在毛细管电泳手性拆分中的应用

用三氧化硫吡啶复合物将β-环糊精与环氧氯丙烷反应得到的β-环糊精聚合物进行磺酸化,得到磺酸化的β-环糊精聚合物,并对其进行了红外光谱和1H NMR表征。将磺酸化β-环糊精聚合物作为手性添加剂,用于毛细管电泳手性药物拆分中,在区带电泳模式下,对5种药物特布他林、山莨菪碱、奥美拉唑、扑尔敏、氧氟沙星进行拆分,并考察了缓冲溶液pH值、运行电压、手性添加剂浓度、有机溶剂对手性拆分的影响。1H NMR分析结果表明:此聚合物为不均一取代的磺酸化β-环糊精;毛细管电泳结果表明,此聚合物具有良好的拆分效果,在磺酸化β-环糊精聚合物浓度为5 g/L,运行电压15 kV条件下,对特布他林、扑尔敏的分离度达到3.0以上;对于山莨菪碱的两对对映体均可实现良好拆分,分离度达到2.0以上。     

β-受体阻滞剂类药物的RP-HPLC手性拆分

采用新型商品手性柱Shiseido CD—Ph,在反相条件下,对3种β—受体阻滞剂药物普萘洛尔、阿替洛尔、美托洛尔进行了手性拆分研究。考察了流动相组成、pH、柱温及缓冲盐浓度对拆分的影响,并优化了实验条件,3种药物均获得基线分离。根据药物结构上的特点,对手性拆分机理进行了探讨。建立的方法具有简便、可靠、高效等特点,可用于该类药物的常规分析。     

伊瑞霉素键合手性毛细管整体柱的制备与对映体分离

以具有22个不同种类手性中心的新型大环抗生素伊瑞霉素为手性选择器,基于环氧基团高反应活性的特征,将伊瑞霉素用一步法键合到甲基丙烯酸酯整体柱表面制备伊瑞霉素键合手性毛细管整体柱。通过对制备条件进行优化,证实该制备方法可在较宽的pH范围(6.0～9.0)内进行,方法简单易行,反应条件温和。应用制备的手性毛细管整体柱在毛细管电色谱模式下,对5种手性氨基酸对映体和手性药物罗格列酮对映体进行拆分,均得到了基线分离,说明伊瑞霉素手性固定相具有较强的手性拆分能力。在优化的色谱条件下,6种对映体的分析时间均小于4 min,分析速度快。通过对有机调节剂、缓冲液pH值和缓冲盐浓度等分离条件进行系统考察,初步探讨了该手性毛细管整体柱对不同溶质的手性识别机理。     

毛细管电泳环糊精添加剂拆分特布他林对映体的立体选择性研究

分别测定了毛细管区带电泳环糊精手性拆分体系中α,β－环糊精和二甲基、三甲基、羟丙基－β－环糊精与药物对映体特布他林形成包结络合物的稳定常数以及手性拆分过程的热力学函数的变化。数据分析表明,环糊精稳定常数的大小反映了环糊精空腔与分离对象之间的匹配程度。环糊精稳定常数的相对值反映了手性拆分体系的分离能力。两对映体与环糊精所形成包结络合物的Δ（ΔＨ）和Δ（ΔＳ）分别反映了手性拆分过程中立体作用与构象匹配的差异。与甲基化β－环糊精相比,羟丙基－β－环糊精和β－环糊精提供的氢键作用在手性拆分中起着重要作用。     

分子印迹聚合物在毛细管电色谱拆分手性药物中的研究进展

手性药物通过与生物体内生物大分子之间的手性匹配与分子识别来发挥药理作用。两个对映体与体内手性环境相互作用的不同导致每个对映体表现出不同的药理活性、代谢过程、代谢速率及毒性等药代动力学特征。因此发展手性药物的拆分方法,对于手性药物的开发和生产过程的质量监控具有重要意义。分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）是以目标分子作为模板而制备的高分子聚合物,它具有特定的空间分子结构和官能团,对目标分子具有高度的特异性识别能力。基于该特点,MIPs非常适合于手性药物的拆分和纯化。毛细管电色谱（CEC）可同时基于毛细管电泳和液相色谱的分离机理对目标物进行分离,因此具有高分离效率和高选择性的特点。将MIPs材料作为CEC的固定相,可将这两种技术的优势结合,从而实现对手性药物的高效拆分。MIPs材料在1994年首次应用于CEC手性拆分,此后该研究领域开始获得关注和发展。MIPs材料主要通过4种模式在CEC中实现手性拆分,分别是作为开管柱、填充柱和整体柱的固定相以及分离介质中的准固定相。该综述以这4种模式作为分类基准,根据MIPs制备所需的材料和分离对象对其在CEC手性拆分中的应用进行了总结,揭示了MIPs在CEC手性拆分中的潜力,同时评述了这4种模式各自的优势与不足,并对将来MIPs在CEC手性拆分中的发展进行了展望。     

高效液相色谱手性拆分药物对映体机理研究

于Whelk-O1(R,R)手性固定相上直接拆分药物萘普生和丙卡特罗。两药物的对映体在该手性固定相上均可以实现基线分离,分离因子达1.4以上。根据相关手性色谱分离热力学数据,进行了手性识别机理研究,并据此成功预测了药物克仑特罗对映体在Whelk-O1(R,R)手性柱上的拆分。     

联萘酚手性拆分方法及其用于实验室废水的检测

联萘酚是具有手性的药物中间体,其对映体的拆分和检测具有重要意义.建立一种反相液相色谱手性拆分方法,用于联萘酚对映体的拆分.考察了6种不同手性色谱柱的拆分效果,并进一步对流动相配比、柱温和流速等因素进行了优化.结果表明,CHIRALPAK?IA手性柱对联萘酚对映体有较好的拆分性能,在流动相为甲醇-1％ 乙酸(90:10,...     

顺式、反式氯氰菊酯和烯唑醇对映异构体的手性拆分

将纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(CDMPC)涂敷于氨丙基硅胶上制备成高效液相色谱(HPLC)手性固定相,对手性农药顺式、反式氯氰菊酯和烯唑醇对映异构体在正相条件下进行了手性拆分。分别以正己烷和石油醚为流动相,考察改性剂的含量;在正己烷流动相条件下考察了色谱柱长度、温度对拆分效果的影响。试验结果显示,改性剂含量的减少、长色谱柱及降低温度均有利于对映体的分离。该手性固定相对顺式、反式氯氰菊酯具有非常强的立体选择性,对烯唑醇也有较好的拆分能力。     

低温条件对高效液相色谱手性拆分柱效和选择性的影响

本文研究了低温条件下温度对高效液相色谱手性拆分的影响。以消旋安息香为样品,以正己烷-乙醇(70∶30,V/V)为流动相,分别用粒径为3μm、5μm、10μm的Chiralcel OD手性柱,分别在-40℃、-25℃、-10℃、5℃、20℃、35℃柱温条件下,测定了不同流速下安息香手性拆分的保留时间和柱效。根据van Deemter方程对每个温度条件下的H-u关系图进行非线性拟合,得到A、B和C三个系数与温度的关系曲线。根据手性拆分的热力学关系式,在-40℃到35℃柱温范围内,考察各色谱柱对安息香分离的lnk2′-1/T、lnα-1/T的关系均为线性。结果显示,在整个实验温度范围内,安息香在Chiralcel OD手性柱的手性拆分机理不变,降低温度能提高手性分离的选择性,但是会降低通常流速下的柱效,从而影响分离度。随着温度的降低,各色谱柱得到的van Deemter方程中系数A基本不变,系数C随着温度降低逐渐升高。     

Determination of drug enantiomers in biological samples by coupled column liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and coupled column chromatography can be used to overcome problems likely to occur in direct separation and determination of drug enantiomers in biological samples. This is exemplified here with the direct separation and determination of terbutaline in human plasma at the nmol/l level. A beta-cyclodextrin column with an aqueous mobile phase was used for chiral separation. For coupled column chromatography, the concentration of each enantiomer was calculated from the enantiomeric area ratio and the racemate concentration. A deuterium-labelled internal standard was used in the LC-MS experiments.     

Chiral separation on achiral stationary phases with different functionalities using β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase and application to bioanalysis and coupled columns

Summary -cyclodextrin was used in the mobile phase as chiral selector for separating the enantiomers of terbutaline, chlorthalidone and oxazepam. The effect on chiral resolution using e.g. hydrophobic, polar or cation exchanging stationary phases was investigated. Both the chiral separation factor and retention level were affected by the concentration of methanol and -cyclodextrin. The stationary phase had no effect on the chiral separation only on the level of retention. By tuning the concentration of -cyclodextrin and methanol in the mobile phase chiral separation could be obtained on most stationary phases. By changing the stationary phase while adjusting the mobile phase composition to maintain the chiral selectivity, improvements of the selectivity towards e.g. endogenous compounds can be obtained when separating enantiomers in complex matrixes as biological fluids. Further improvement on selectivity can be obtained if coupled columns are used. This is examplified for separation of chlorthalidone and terbutaline enantiomers in biological fluids by coupling an achiral column to another achiral column and using a mobile phase containing -cyclodextrin on the last column.     

A novel in situ strategy for the preparation of a β‐cyclodextrin/polydopamine‐coated capillary column for capillary electrochromatography enantioseparations

Inspired by the chiral recognition ability of β‐cyclodextrin and the natural adhesive properties of polydopamine under alkaline conditions, in this study, a rapid and in situ modification strategy was developed to fabricate β‐cyclodextrin/polydopamine composite material coated‐capillary columns for open tubular capillary electrochromatography. The results of scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, streaming potential, and electro‐osmotic flow studies indicated that β‐cyclodextrin/polydopamine was successfully fixed on the inner wall of the capillary column. This coating can be achieved within 1 h affording a greatly reduced capillary preparation time. The performance of the β‐cyclodextrin/polydopamine‐coated capillary was validated by the analysis of seven pairs of chiral analytes, namely epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoprenaline, terbutaline, verapamil, tryptophane, carvedilol. Good enantioseparation efficiencies were achieved for all. For three consecutive runs, the relative standard deviations for the migration times of the analytes for intraday, interday, and column‐to‐column repeatability were in the range of 0.41–1.74, 1.03–4.18, and 1.66–8.24%, respectively. Moreover, the separation efficiency of the β‐cyclodextrin/polydopamine‐coated capillary column did not decrease obviously over 90 runs. The strategy should also be feasible to introduce and immobilize other chiral selectors on the inner walls surface of capillary columns.     

Cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis: a comparative study for the enantiomeric separation of some beta-agonists.

A comparative study for the enantiomeric separation of terbutaline, clenbuterol, salbutamol and dobutamine was performed by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins and their derivatives as chiral selectors. Several parameters such as buffer composition and temperature were studied. Simple, fast and reliable enantioseparations were achieved for all drugs studied, especially when the isomerically pure sulfated beta-cyclodextrin derivatives were used as chiral selectors.     

Preparation of D-histidine modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 coated capillary column and its application in open-tube capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation

Metal-organic framework materials are a class of novel crystalline porous materials with regular pore structures formed by covalent bonding between metal centers and organic functional groups. Metal-organic framework materials have attracted great interest in analytical chemistry due to their unique properties such as good stability and permanent porosity. In this work, D-histidine was used to carry out chiral modification of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 under mild conditions, and the D-histidine modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 coated capillary column was prepared. This chiral capillary column was used to separate epinephrine, norepinephrine, terbutaline, and tryptophan enantiomers. Under optimum conditions, baseline separations were achieved. The intra-day, inter-day, and inter-column relative standard deviations (n = 3) of the four pairs of enantiomeric migration times were 0.15%–0.56%, 0.74%–2.40%, and 1.93%–3.18%, respectively. Moreover, the D-histidine modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 coated capillary could be reused for at least 150 runs without significant changes in the separation efficiency and migration time.     

高效液相色谱手性固定相法拆分阿折地平对映体

建立了阿折地平对映体的高效液相色谱拆分方法。采用Chiralpak AD-H (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5.0 μm, Daicel公司)手性色谱柱在正相条件下直接拆分阿折地平对映体,考察了固定相种类、流动相组成及柱温等对阿折地平对映体分离的影响。确定了最佳的拆分条件: 流动相为正己烷-异丙醇(90:10, v/v),流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm;柱温为20 ℃;在此条件下阿折地平对映体的分离度为3.3。该法简单快速,重现性好。     

High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of 2,4-pentadienoate-iron tricarbonyl derivatives

beta-Cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase facilitates the chiral separation of the (+/-)-methyl-5-formyl-2,4-pentadienoate-iron tricarbonyl (1) racemic mixture. The separation of oxazolidine derivatives 2 and 3 diastereomers were achieved with a C18 column but the compounds underwent in-column hydrolysis to give (-)- and (+)-1, respectively. This hydrolysis was exploited for the determination of 2 and 3 by the beta-cyclodextrin column, namely 2 and 3 were initially and completely hydrolyzed in the column to give (-)- and (+)-1 and this racemic mixture was then separated by this chiral column.     

Stereospecific analysis of lorazepam in plasma by chiral column chromatography with a circular dichroism-based detector

The chiral separation of lorazepam was achieved on a chiral column with UV and circular dichroism (CD) detection. The good resolution of lorazepam enantiomers was obtained on the column of beta-cyclodextrin derivative immobilized silica gel under reversed-phase conditions. The enantiomeric separation and identification of lorazepam were succeeded by CD detector. The method described allows the quantitation of the stereoisomers of lorazepam in human plasma following the administration of a therapeutic dose of the racemic drug. Chiroptical detection is useful for the pharmacokinetic study of chiral drugs.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法结合多糖衍生物手性固定相拆分氰戊菊酯

建立了以多糖衍生物为手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)直接拆分氰戊菊酯对映体的方法。在反相液相色谱条件下,考察了手性固定相的种类、流动相组成、柱温、流速对氰戊菊酯4个立体异构体分离的影响。同时,利用热力学方法对氰戊菊酯的立体异构体与固定相之间的色谱保留和分离的热力学机理进行了探讨。结果表明:采用Lux Cellulose-3(纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯))手性色谱柱,在以流动相为乙腈-水(5 mmol/L甲酸铵)=(55:45,V:V)流速0.4 mL/min,柱温30℃的条件下,可在14 mins内实现氰戊菊酯4个立体异构体的基线分离。拓展了HPLC-MS/MS在菊酯类手性农药对映体分离及检测上的应用。     

Fast enantiomeric separation of basis drugs by electrokinetic chromatography. Application to the quantitation of terbutaline in a pharmaceutical preparation

Electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) using micelles of bile salts alone or mixed with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and neutral, anionic, or cationic cyclodextrins (CDs) in the separation buffer has been employed in order to achieve fast enantiomeric separation of basic drugs. A study of the enantiomeric separation ability of these chiral selectors concerning four basic drugs (epinephrine, terbutaline, clenbuterol, and salbutamol) has been carried out under different experimental conditions. The best chiral selectors to perform the enantiomeric separation of these drugs were neutral beta-CD derivatives, specifically permethylated beta-CD PM-beta-CD. The effect of the PM-beta-CD concentration, temperature, and applied voltage on the enantiomeric resolution of the basic drugs was investigated. The use of a 25 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.0), 30 mM in PM-beta-CD together with an applied voltage of 20 kV and a temperature of 15 degrees C enabled the individual and fast enantiomeric separation of epinephrine, norepinephrine, terbutaline, clenbuterol, and salbutamol each one into its two enantiomers in less than 3 min. The EKC method was validated (precision and accuracy) to quantitate terbutaline in a pharmaceutical preparation, obtaining a limit of detection of 4 microg/mL.