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ITER低温泵需要定期再生循环以去除吸附的气体，处于安全考虑氢的累计体积摩尔浓度不能超过1.5mol?m?3，从而使得再生的容积必须不小于15m3，需要额外设计容器结构以提供足够的再生容积，同时兼顾支撑和密封的作用。介绍了ITER低温泵外部容器的结构与功能，并运用有限元分析方法对其不同载荷状况进行了数值计算，为其结构设计与优化提供了理论依据。     

低温泵用吸附材料的研究概述

低温泵广泛应用于真空电子、半导体领域。低温泵的吸附材料对低温泵的工作性能有着重要的影响。综述了低温泵的吸附材料性能与研究现状。首先总结了吸附材料的表征方法及研究内容。然后分别叙述了分子筛、低温霜和活性炭三种低温泵主要用的吸附材料的工作性能,指出其优势和不足。最后以ITER用的低温泵为例说明低温吸附材料的应用。     

EAST真空室内巡视系统的真空性能研究分析

介绍了EAST真空室内巡视系统(IVVS)系统对EAST真空室第一壁进行巡检操作的工作原理,并基于系统部分材料出气率测试对其真空性能进行了分析。获得了在有效抽速为1064L•s^–1的条件下,IVVS系统试验样机所采用的真空容器的极限真空度为3.37×10^–3Pa。为优化IVVS真空性能,结合材料放气率试验,将部分材料更换为放气率低的材料,对系统进行烘烤处理,并对其中的相关结构提出了优化方案。优化后系统的真空性能有明显提高,在同等抽速条件下的极限真空度在1×10^–4Pa范围内,能够满足EAST接受的真空环境要求。此外,抽气机组增添低温泵可以更进一步提高系统的真空性能。     

制冷机低温泵控制器设计

制冷机低温泵产品配置专用控制器,其目的是实现自动完全再生、获取运行状态信息、提供远程监控接口与操作,提高低温泵产品的自动化水平。在充分研究主流制冷机低温泵产品的基础上,针对12英寸以下口径低温泵,设计了专用控制器,介绍了器件选型、人机界面、软、硬件结构等内容。经过24个月不间断运行测试,验证了低温泵控制器设计的正确性与可靠性。     

W/RAFM 钢偏滤器靶板的结构分析与寿命预测

探究RAFM 钢作为偏滤器靶板热沉的替换材料，验证其在3 种不同工况下的结构强度并预测其在交变载荷下的疲劳寿命。得出3S_m 法则下W/RAFM 钢偏滤器靶板最大可承受热负荷为8MW·m⁻²。结合中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)的设计目标，如果以ITER 偏滤器两年运行周期为设计准则，最大承受热负荷为7MW·m⁻²。考虑到偏滤器靶板区域呈现高热负荷低中子辐照、挡板和DOME板区域低热负荷高中子辐照特性，可以采用W/Cu 和W/RAFM 双路偏滤器靶板的结构设计。     

Ca4LaNbMo4O20:Pr3+荧光粉的发光性质

采用高温固相法成功制备出荧光粉Ca₄LaNbMo₄O₂₀:Pr³⁺,通过X射线衍射分析了样品的结构,其结构与CaMoO₄结构相似。在Ca₄LaNbMo₄O₂₀:Pr³⁺的激发光谱中出现了NbO₄^3-和MoO₄^2-的电荷迁移(CTS)吸收和Pr³⁺离子的4f→4f5d激发跃迁,以及Pr³⁺-金属离子的价间电荷迁移(IVCT)吸收;另外在420~520 nm处,还观测到属于Pr³⁺离子的典型f-f激发跃迁。发射光谱中,在452 nm激发下,主要出现绿光和红光两种发射,其峰值位于490 nm和607 nm处,分别是Pr³⁺的³P₀→³H₄和¹D₂→³H₄的跃迁作用;在紫外287 nm激发下出现NbO₄^3-和MoO₄^2-发射和Pr³⁺离子的4f5d→4f跃迁宽带,以及Pr³⁺离子的4f→4f发射峰。     

中国ITER固态实验包层模块活化计算分析

根据中国ITER实验包层模块CH HCSB TBM设计结构建立了TBM径向一维模型。运用燃耗计算程序BISON、聚变堆放射性计算程序FDKR和衰变链数据库AFDC-DLIB,计算了TBM设计中不同停堆时间活化产物的放射性、余热沉积、潜在生物危害因子BHP和辐射剂量,并根据计算结果初步得出相应的变化规律。计算结果表明,对于HCSB TBM来说,在500MW聚变功率下运行一年,停堆时的总放射性、余热、BHP分别为4.587×10¹⁵Bq, 9.009×10^-3MW和90.73 km³•kW^-1,后板处辐射剂量3.278×10⁵ mSv•h^-1。结果表明,CH HCSB TBM不存在突出的放射性环境安全问题。     

孤立格位中的Cr3+近红外发射波长的设计与调控:以AMP2O7:Cr3+为例

近红外光谱调控对于开发新型近红外荧光粉至关重要。3d³电子构型的Cr³⁺具有波长可调谐的宽带近红外发光性质,是一种理想的近红外激活剂离子。由于d轨道对晶体场敏感,Cr³⁺离子发射波长强烈依赖于其配位晶体结构,明确配位结构与发光性质之间的构效关系是指导近红外荧光粉理性设计的理论基础。而实际上晶体结构复杂,影响局部配位结构性质的因素很多,难以形成明确的构效关系。AMP₂O₇(A=Li,K;M=Ga,Sc,In)系列焦磷酸盐晶体中具有孤立的[MO₆]八面体结构特征,可为Cr³⁺提供孤立的配位环境,孤立格位大大减少了晶体结构的复杂性,为构效关系的建立提供了合理性保障。本文以AMP₂O₇:Cr³⁺系列荧光粉为研究对象,Cr³⁺取代在孤立的[MO₆]八面体中心格位,具有波长可调谐的近红外发光性质,其发射波长随M³⁺和...     

ITER校正场线圈剪切销氧化铝涂层低温绝缘性能研究

采用大气等离子喷涂方法在316LN不锈钢剪切销表面喷涂了Al₂O₃+3%TiO₂绝缘涂层,采用NiAl作为粘结层,得到了性能优良的绝缘保护涂层。按照ITER实际运行环境,采用ANSYS分析方法对剪切销进行应力分析,并在低温(液氮,77K)环境下对剪切销加载后进行循环往复摩擦磨损试验。循环5000、10000以及30000周后采用2点和3点法分别测定了涂层的表面电阻和体积电阻,剪切销表面电阻率均大于10⁹Ω•m^-2,体积电阻率均大于10¹⁰Ω•m,表明涂层具有较高的绝缘电阻,满足ITER所需工程条件。     

EAST 钨偏滤器外靶板热工水力分析

为提高EAST 偏滤器的抗热载和排热能力,将偏滤器第一壁的材料由原来的石墨改为钨,在结构上,靶板采用了类ITER 的单块结构,支撑和冷却采用一体化的盒式结构。确定了EAST 钨偏滤器的冷却结构后,通过水管的流固耦合传热模型,分析了外靶板在紊流冷却方式下的散热情况。同时计算了在水冷系统失效的情况下,偏滤器外靶板的危险区域在3、5、8、10MW·m^-2 热流密度下的瞬态温度分布情况。结果表明,水流速度在4m·s^-1 时, 水管可以承受峰值功率10MW·m^-2 的热流密度,能够很好地满足EAST 装置运行的排热要求。     

Ionic conductivity of crystalline and glassy Mg4.5Na7(P2O7)4

In our work single crystals of Mg_4.5Na₇(P₂O₇)₄ were prepared, pulverized, pressed into pellets and sintered in order to measure the electrical conductivity of polycrystalline specimens. The conductivity was also measured on glassy specimens obtained by the melting of previously prepared crystals. The electrical conductivities at 25°C with values of the order of 10⁻¹⁶ Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for polycrystalline samples and a value of the order of 10⁻¹⁴ Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for glass, show that the glassy phase of Mg_4.5Na₇(P₂ because of its greater molar volume and loosely packed structure, is a better matrix for ionic motion.     

数字显微全息中记录参数对颗粒测量影响的数值模拟

数字显微全息技术由于具有三维、非接触和实时测量微小空间内流场的能力, 已引起了国内外学者的广泛关注. 利用数字显微全息方法测量微通道流场时, 记录距离、颗粒尺寸、颗粒浓度、入射光波长、CCD分辨率等参数会对颗粒重建结果产生重要影响. 为了评估颗粒浓度和样本空间深度对重建结果的影响, 本文开展了数值模拟研究. 采用基于洛伦兹-米散射理论的程序产生不同浓度的颗粒全息图, 用小波变换重建算法对其进行重建. 结果表明: 在样本空间深度为24 μm 时, 颗粒浓度n_s在3.44×10⁵ mm^-3–13.77×10⁵ mm^-3 范围内时, 颗粒重建率E_p随着颗粒浓度n_s 的增大而迅速减小, 在13.77×10⁵ mm^-3–55.08×10⁵ mm^-3范围内时, 颗粒重建率E_p 随颗粒浓度n_s增大而缓慢减少. 在颗粒浓度n_s (13.77×10⁵ mm^-3) 保持不变时, 颗粒重建率E_p与样本空间深度满足单调递减的线性关系. 当阴影密度不变时, 重建率的变化呈现一定的规律性:当深度L较小时, 样本空间深度对颗粒重建的影响要比颗粒浓度的影响大; 当深度L较大时, 颗粒浓度对颗粒重建的影响较大. 关键词： 数字显微全息 颗粒浓度 粒径误差 位置误差     

Magnetic domain walls and pulsed magnetization reversal in amorphous Fe40Ni40P14B6 ribbon under tension

Magnetization reversal has been studied in long ribbons of Metglas 2826 under tension. At low fields propagating head-on domain boundaries of the Sixtus-Tonks type were observed. Measurements of their lengths, of order 20 to 50 cm, together with a simple magnetostatic model of their structure, yield values of the specific domain wall surface energy γ = 3.8 × 10^-8 σ^1/2 J m^-2 for tensile stress σ Pa. A value A= 5.6 × 10^-12 J m^-1 for the exchange constant follows. The low-fi eld mobility of these domain walls shows no evidence of relaxation damping at speeds below 1.2 m s^-1. The threshold field at which reverse domains nucleate is found to be proportional to the square root of the tension. At high fields (>200 A m^-1) the rough surface of the ribbon (the surface that came in contact with the quenching wheel during manufacture) reverses first and saturates at about the same time as the smooth surface begins to reverse and the volume reversal rate peaks. A simple quantitative model of the high field reversal process satisfactorily predicts both the surface and volume reversal rates. It yields a consistent value β_R = 14 kg m^-2s^-1 for the relaxation damping constant at wall speeds in excess of 13 m s^-1 and estimates the number of reversal nuclei in accord with Yagi and Anayama.     

The microscopic features of (Li0.5La0.5)TiO3

In ionic conducting materials, the crystal structure is closely related to the ionic conductivity. In this research we studied the microscopic features of Li_0.5La_0.5TiO₃ which exhibited a lithium ionic conductivity as high as 1×10⁻³ Scm⁻¹ at room temperature by XRD, TEM and SIMS. It was found that the superstructure was caused by the ordering of La⁺³ and vacancy, producing the 2a_p×2a_p×2a_p unit cell. This ordering was found to be regular in microscopic region, but became irregular in macroscopic region. Li⁺ showed a random distribution which meet the needs for the fast ionic conduction. The second phase was found to be Li₂TiO₃ which existed in the grain boundary junctions.     

Thermal-expansion anomalies and spontaneous magnetostriction of Lu2Fe17−xSix intermetallic compounds

The thermal expansion of Lu₂Fe_17−xSi_x solid solutions has been measured by X-ray powder diffraction. The magnetic ordering in all compounds within the homogeneity range (x3.4) is accompanied by a large spontaneous volume magnetostriction, distributed anisotropically over the principal axes of the hexagonal crystal structure. The volume effect ω_s in the ground state reaches 14.7×10⁻³ in Lu₂Fe₁₇ and decreases monotonously to 8.9×10⁻³ for x=3.4, following the reduction of magnetic moment. Despite a still large ω_s, the Invar behavior observed in Lu₂Fe₁₇ changes to a positive thermal expansion for x>1 due to an increasing Curie temperature.     

Optical properties and local structure of Eu-doped synthetic analogue of the microporous titanosilicate mineral sitinakite

The synthetic analogue of the microporous titanosilicate mineral sitinakite has been hydrothermally synthesized and used as a host in the preparation of a new photoluminescent material. The inclusion of Eu³⁺ in the pores of the sitinakite doubles the unit cell volume and changes the symmetry of the initial sodium phase. The Eu³⁺-doped material displays a stable room temperature emission ascribed to the Eu³⁺ intra-4f^{6 5}D₀→⁷F₀₋₄ transitions, with a maximum external quantum yield of 6%. The observation of two components for the non-degenerated ⁵D₀→⁷F₀ transition, the local field splitting of the ⁵D₀→⁷F₁₋₂ transitions, and the ⁵D₀ emission decay curves point out the presence of two optically active Eu³⁺ sites. Possible structural distribution of the detected Eu³⁺ cations is discussed.     

Differential cohomology of C (a)

Let be a finite dimensional real Lie algebra and ^* its dual. ^* is a Poisson manifold. Thus the space C^∞( ^*) of C^∞ functions on ^* has an associative and a Lie algebra structure. The problem of formal deformations of such a structure needs the determination of some cohomology groups of C^∞( ^*), considered as a module on itself for left multiplication or adjoint representation. We determine here these groups. The result is very similar to the case of C^∞(W), where W is a symplectic manifold except for the Lie algebras h_r × ^m, direct products of Heisenberg and abelian Lie algebras.     

Electroproduction of π from C leading to low-lying residual states in B

Energy distributions of π⁺ produced from ¹²C by electrons of total energy 195 MeV were measured at various angles. The results show large contributions from transitions leaving the residual nucleus in the ground (1⁺), first (2⁺) excited state and states at around 4.5 MeV. The angular distributions of ¹²C(γ, π⁺)¹²B leading to these residual states are deduced from the energy distributions by the unfolding method with the virtual photon theory. Theoretical results with the Helm model and the shell model are compared with the experimental results. Their relative shapes are in good agreement. A better agreement in the absolute value is found for the theoretical results which include the final-state interaction estimated with a pion optical potential. The surface production model shows better agreement with the experimental (γ, π⁺) cross sections than the volume production model.