2,2,2-三氟卤乙烷和碳负离子的自由基亲核取代反应

主要研究2,2,2-三氟卤乙烷(碘、溴、氯、氟)和碳负离子的反应,在一定的温度下,以DMF作溶剂,除了2,2,2-三氟氟乙烷外,反应都得到了相应的2,2,2-三氟卤乙烷的衍生物以及碳负离子的偶联产物.该反应能被紫外光加速,能被对二硝基苯和对二苯酚阻止.因此,该反应是按S_RN1即自由基亲核取代反应机理进行.由于此反应能在黑暗中进行,所以它可能是通过热引发或自发引发来完成的.     

2,4,6-三甲基-2,4,6-叁(3′3′3′-三氟丙基)环三硅氧烷的简便制备法

2,4,6-三甲基-2,4,6-叁(3′3′3′-三氟丙基)环三硅氧烷(D_3~F)是合成氟硅橡胶的单体,一般以硅氢加于烯烃而制得:但因3,3,3-三氟丙烯的沸点为-22℃,需要在加压低温下操作,既不易纯化,又难以控制反应.我们以沸点102℃的甲基三甲氧基硅烷(1)、沸点45.5℃的1,1,1-三氟-3-氯丙烷(2)与镁屑在无溶剂常压下反应.这样既方便又安全,制得的3,3,3-三氟丙基     

CHF2CH3(HFC-152a)与F反应的反应途径及反应速率常数研究

本文用从头计算法(UMP2/6-31G)对氟与二氟乙烷的与1位、2位碳相连的氢的抽提氢反应进行研究。CHF2CH3+F→CF2CH3+HF(R1), CHF2CH3+F→CHF2CH2+HF(R2)。在内禀反应坐标(IRC)的势能剖面基础上用传统过渡态、变分过渡态理论计算了上述两个反应的速率常数及比值, 获得了与实验相一致的结果。     

醛的固体衍生物的合成Ⅱ:2-取代-1,3-双(对-氯苄基)二氮(口五)-[1,3]

1.1,2-双(对-氯苄基胺基)乙烷是鉴定醛的适宜的试剂。这二胺与一般酮不起作用。2.制备二十种新的固体1,3-双(对-氯苄基)二氮国衍生物。3.2-取代-1,3-双(对-氯苄基)二氮国可用稀盐酸分解为相应的醛和二胺的盐酸盐。此反应几为定量的。4.合成了两种新的化合物:N,N′-二乙酰-1,2-双(对-氯苄基)乙烷及 N,N′-二苯甲酰-1,2-双(对-氯苄基胺基)乙烷。     

气液色谱中同系物的保留指数与其定压热容的关系

气液色谱中同系物的保留指数变化规律已有许多研究结果,如温度规律、碳数规律、沸点规律、双固定液规律和交点规律以及最近由卢佩章等人在均一位势模型基础上开发的烷烃同系物、烷基吡啶化合物和氯代吡啶衍生物保留指数的计算方程式;此外Rohrschneider,Nabivach等也进行了一些研究工作。但是,这些研究结果都只适用于某些领域,距离完满地解决理论预测保留指数问题还有相当距离。     

一种有效的从五氟氯乙烷合成五氟碘乙烷的方法

本文发展了一种有效的从五氟氯乙烷合成五氟碘乙烷的方法。仔细考察了五氟氯乙烷亚磺化脱氯的条件,由此生成的五氟乙基亚磺酸盐无须纯化,可以直接进行碘化,能以中等收率生成相应的五氟碘乙烷。     

预测氯代芳烃对戈卑鱼毒性的理论研究

为建立氯代芳烃对戈卑鱼毒性相关的QSAR模型,分析了22种氯代芳烃的结构特征,计算了各个分子的分子连接性指数.通过多元线性逐步回归分析研究,筛选了其中4种分子连接性指数~0X,~2X,~3X和~4X_(PC),建立了这4种指数与氯代芳烃对戈卑鱼毒性的定量结构-活性相关的QSAR模型,方程的相关系数R=0.979,判定系数R_(adj)~2=0.959,标准误差S=0.134,经检验该模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力.     

氯硝柳胺衍生物的合成与结构表征

由氯硝柳胺与1,2-二溴乙烷反应,得到2-(2-溴乙氧基)-5-氯-N-(2-氯-4-硝基苯基)苯甲酰胺,再与乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇分别反应,得到了三个氯硝柳胺衍生物,其结构由IR1、H NMR和高分辨质谱确证。     

一种新的自相关拓扑指数及其互补指数应用于不饱和链烃物理性质的QSPR研究

依据系统命名法的编号原则及不饱和链烃的结构特证,建立了原子的染色序数(ti),并在邻矩阵基础上由ti构建原子染色序数自相关指数(mR)及互补指数mR′,其中0R1、R、互补指数0R′1、R′,C原子个数(N)与炔烃的沸点、烯烃的热力学性质(标准生成焓、标准熵、标准熵和标准生成自由能)有良好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.999 2,0.999 4,0.999 4和0.994 1.该模型用于预测不饱和链烃的物理性质,计算简便,结果准确.     

三氟甲基三氮唑及四氮唑化合物的合成研究进展

三氟甲基取代的三氮唑及四氮唑化合物在药物、农药、催化及材料等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用,其合成方法也日益受到重视.对近10年来三氟甲基三氮唑及四氮唑化合物的合成方法研究进展进行了分类归纳总结,着重展示了三氟甲基炔烃、三氟乙酰基衍生物、三氟甲基吡喃酮及三氟重氮乙烷等含氟砌块在这两类杂环合成中的应用.     

Boiling points of halogenated ethanes: an explanatory model implicating weak intermolecular hydrogen-halogen bonding

This study explores via structural clues the influence of weak intermolecular hydrogen-halogen bonds on the boiling point of halogenated ethanes. The plot of boiling points of 86 halogenated ethanes versus the molar refraction (linked to polarizability) reveals a series of straight lines, each corresponding to one of nine possible arrangements of hydrogen and halogen atoms on the two-carbon skeleton. A multiple linear regression model of the boiling points could be designed based on molar refraction and subgroup structure as independent variables (R(2) = 0.995, standard error of boiling point 4.2 degrees C). The model is discussed in view of the fact that molar refraction can account for approximately 83.0% of the observed variation in boiling point, while 16.5% could be ascribed to weak C-X...H-C intermolecular interactions. The difference in the observed boiling point of molecules having similar molar refraction values but differing in hydrogen-halogen intermolecular bonds can reach as much as 90 degrees C.     

Group vector space method for estimating enthalpy of vaporization of organic compounds at the normal boiling point

The specific position of a group in the molecule has been considered, and a group vector space method for estimating enthalpy of vaporization at the normal boiling point of organic compounds has been developed. Expression for enthalpy of vaporization Delta(vap)H(T(b)) has been established and numerical values of relative group parameters obtained. The average percent deviation of estimation of Delta(vap)H(T(b)) is 1.16, which show that the present method demonstrates significant improvement in applicability to predict the enthalpy of vaporization at the normal boiling point, compared the conventional group methods.     

Kinetics of elementary steps in the reactions of atomic bromine with isoprene and 1,3-butadiene under atmospheric conditions

Laser flash photolysis of CF(2)Br(2) has been coupled with time-resolved detection of atomic bromine by resonance fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the gas-phase kinetics of early elementary steps in the Br-initiated oxidations of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, Iso) and 1,3-butadiene (Bu) under atmospheric conditions. At T ≥ 526 K, measured rate coefficients for Br + isoprene are independent of pressure, suggesting that hydrogen transfer (1a) is the dominant reaction pathway. The following Arrhenius expression adequately describes all kinetic data at 526 K ≤ T ≤ 673 K: k(1a)(T) = (1.22 ± 0.57) × 10(-11) exp[(-2100 ± 280)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (uncertainties are 2σ and represent precision of the Arrhenius parameters). At 271 K ≤ T ≤ 357 K, kinetic evidence for the reversible addition reactions Br + Iso ? Br-Iso (k(1b), k(-1b)) and Br + Bu ? Br-Bu (k(3b), k(-3b)) is observed. Analysis of the approach to equilibrium data allows the temperature- and pressure-dependent rate coefficients k(1b), k(-1b), k(3b), and k(-3b) to be evaluated. At atmospheric pressure, addition of Br to each conjugated diene occurs with a near-gas-kinetic rate coefficient. Equilibrium constants for the addition/dissociation reactions are obtained from k(1b)/k(-1b) and k(3b)/k(-3b), respectively. Combining the experimental equilibrium data with electronic structure calculations allows both second- and third-law analyses of thermochemistry to be carried out. The following thermochemical parameters for the addition reactions 1b and 3b at 0 and 298 K are obtained (units are kJ mol(-1) for Δ(r)H and J mol(-1) K(-1) for Δ(r)S; uncertainties are accuracy estimates at the 95% confidence level): Δ(r)H(0)(1b) = -66.6 ± 7.1, Δ(r)H(298)(1b) = -67.5 ± 6.6, and Δ(r)S(298)(3b) = -93 ± 16; Δ(r)H(0)(3b) = -62.4 ± 9.0, Δ(r)H(298)(3b) = -64.5 ± 8.5, and Δ(r)S(298)(3b) = -94 ± 20. Examination of the effect of added O(2) on Br kinetics under conditions where reversible adduct formation is observed allows the rate coefficients for the Br-Iso + O(2) (k(2)) and Br-Bu + O(2) (k(4)) reactions to be determined. At 298 K, we find that k(2) = (3.2 ± 1.0) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) independent of pressure (uncertainty is 2σ, precision only; pressure range is 25-700 Torr) whereas k(4) increases from 3.2 to 4.7 × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) as the pressure increases from 25 to 700 Torr. Our results suggest that under atmospheric conditions, Br-Iso and Br-Bu react with O(2) to produce peroxy radicals considerably more rapidly than they undergo unimolecular decomposition. Hence, the very fast addition reactions appear to control the rates of Br-initiated formation of Br-Iso-OO and Br-Bu-OO radicals under atmospheric conditions. The peroxy radicals are relatively weakly bound, so conjugated diene regeneration via unimolecular decomposition reactions, though unimportant on the time scale of the reported experiments (milliseconds), is likely to compete effectively with bimolecular reactions of peroxy radicals under relatively warm atmospheric conditions as well as in 298 K competitive kinetics experiments carried out in large chambers.     

Modeling boiling points of cycloalkanes by means of iterated line graph sequences

A class of models for predicting boiling points of cycloalkanes is put forward, based on iterated line graphs L(i), i = 1, 2,., of the molecular graph G = L(0). Let m(i) be the number of edges of L(i), i = 0, 1, 2,. The models analyzed are of the form a(0)m(i)()(0) + a(1)m(i)(1) + a(2)m(i)(2) +. + a(k)m(ik) + b. Our optimal QSPR formulas contain m(0), m(1), m(2), m(3), and/or m(4) but never m(5) and m(6). Their precision is as good as or better than the approximations recently reported by Rücker and Rücker (J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1999, 39, 788-802).     

硫醇和硫醚的沸点与分子结构之间关系的拓扑化学研究

根据分子拓扑学原理, 用染色因子标识原子性质的差异, 发展了一种适用于含原子分子体系结构性能关系研究的新方法。据此探讨了硫醇和硫醚的沸点与分子结构之间的关系, 提出一个既能合理表征结构性能关系, 又能预测沸点的定量关系式。     

Estimation of normal boiling points of hydrocarbons from descriptors of molecular structure

Correlations for estimation of thermophysical properties are needed for the design of processes and equipment related to phase equilibria. The normal boiling point (NBP) is a fundamental characteristic of chemical compounds, involved in many correlations used to estimate important properties. Modern simulation packages usually require the NBP and a standard liquid density from which they can estimate all other necessary properties and begin the design of particular processes, installations and flowsheets. The present work contributes a correlation between the molecular structure and the normal boiling point of hydrocarbons. Its main features are the relative simplicity, sound predictions, and applicability to diversified industrially important structures, whose boiling points and numbers of carbon atoms span a wide range. An achievement of particular interest is the opportunity revealed, for reducing the number of the compounds required for the derivation (the learning set), through multivariate analysis and molecular design. The high accuracy achieved by the correlation opens up a possibility for systematic studies of chemical engineering applications in which the effects of small changes are important. This also defines a path towards the more general problem of the influence of uncertainties in calculated thermophysical parameters on the final outcome of computer aided simulation and design.     

不饱和链烃沸点的拓扑研究

基于邻接矩阵与边价 (fi)定义边价连接性指数 ( mF) ,其中的0 F ,1 F与 2 94种不饱和链烃 (包括烯烃、炔烃及烯炔烃 )的沸点 (Tb)关联 ,得到良好的数学模型 :ln( 70 0 -Tb) =6 5 2 3 3 1-0 0 0 4880 F2 -0 3 46771 F0 5(n =2 94,R =0 9979,R2 =0 995 8,F =3 490 4,S =5 12 ) ,该回归模型经Jackknife法检验具有总体稳健性 .可以预示 ,该指数将在定量构效关系研究中成为重要参数 .     

Use of normal boiling point correlations for predicting critical parameters of paraffins for vapour–liquid equilibrium calculations with the SRK equation of state

Correlations between normal boiling points and critical parameters (critical temperatures and critical pressures) and between normal boiling points and acentric factors of normal and branched paraffins in the range from C₇ to C₁₀₀ have been developed. These correlations can be used to quickly and easily compute critical properties that allow to reproduce closely, by means of the Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK) equation of state (EoS), the vapour pressure of pure compounds. In the range of 0.5–5 mmHg the values of vapour pressure calculated by means of the SRK EoS become less accurate and they can be improved using a different equation for the temperature-depending attractive parameter (i.e., the Mathias–Copeman alpha function) instead of the classical Soave function.     

Liquid-vapor phase equilibrium in a tin-selenium system

Based on the pressure of the saturated vapor and components over liquid alloys in a tin-selenium system, determined using the boiling points approach (isothermal variant), its boiling point and corresponding vapor phase composition are calculated in the region of liquid solutions. The phase diagram is supple-mented with the liquid-vapor phase transition under atmospheric pressure and in vacuums of 100 and 10 Pa with the boundaries of the region in which the regions of liquid and vapor coexist being determined.     

分光光度法测定钨矿中微量钨

提出了一种测定钨矿中微量钨的分光光度法。该法摩尔吸光系数ε为9.6× 1 0 4 L· mol-1· cm-1,相对标准偏差 <2 % ,加标回收率为 95%～ 1 0 4 %。WO3 含量在 0～ 30 μg/50 m L 范围内满足比尔定律