方形和三角形格点分布渐变空气孔微结构光纤的色散特性比较

运用时域有限差分法计算了方形和三角形格点分布的渐变微结构光纤的色散曲线,并对它们的色散特性进行了比较.结果表明:这两种渐变微结构光纤的色散对最内层空气孔的直径的依赖性都比较高;在孔间距为2.0 μm～3.0 μm范围内,不同参数条件下,方形格点分布的渐变微结构光纤的色散曲线比较相似,空气孔间距、最内层空气孔的直径和直径递增量对它影响较小,且能在比较宽的波长范围(1.2 μm～1.8 μm)内保持平坦;而三角形格点分布的渐变微结构光纤对空气孔间距、最内层空气孔的直径和直径递增量都比较敏感,不同参数条件下它的色散曲线变化较大.     

新型光学聚合物——Topas环烯烃共聚物微结构光纤的设计及特性分析

以新型光学聚合物Topas 环烯烃共聚物（折射率为1.53）为基质,设计了四种微结构聚合物光纤.应用有限元方法对各种光纤在波长0.5—2.0 μm范围内的基模有效折射率、模场面积和数值孔径进行了计算.研究了结构参数对模场分布、单模特性和色散特性的影响.得出了具有极大/小模场面积、无限单模传输和平坦近零色散的光纤结构参数.与石英、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯基质的微结构光纤相比,该光纤具有更大的数值孔径和较宽的平坦近零色散范围.为光纤的制备提供了理论指导. 关键词： 微结构聚合物光纤 有限元方法 传输特性 Topas 环烯烃共聚物     

激光束的锥台光纤传输

 分析了锥台光纤的传输特性,建立了高斯近似模型,采用模场耦合理论,计算了锥台光纤的功率转换效率。并在激光器的输出光波长为532 nm,多模光纤的数值孔径为0.11,纤芯半径为12.5 μm条件下对细端半径分别为（4±1）,（5±1）,（6±1）,（7±1）和（8±1） μm的锥台光纤的转换效率进行了实验测定。提出利用锥台光纤的圆柱形多模光纤部分传输光功率,锥台部分保证光束质量的传输方案,在保证光束质量的同时能传输较高的光功率。     

基于偶联剂技术的光纤光栅压力传感实验研究

报道了利用偶联技术封装光纤光栅压力传感器的新方案.通过采用特殊聚合物材料将光纤光栅封装于金属管中,并采用偶联材料分别与聚合物和光纤以化学键偶联的工艺,解决了由于有机弹性体聚合物的弹性模量（1.2×105 N/m2）与光纤光栅的弹性模量(7×1010 N/m2)相差很大,在压强较大时易导致光纤光栅与聚合物材料之间的撕裂滑脱问题,改善了光纤光栅压力响应特性.封装后的光纤光栅压力的线性测量范围为0.04 MPa~0.6 MPa,压力响应灵敏度为－4.48 nm/MPa,与裸光栅压力响应灵敏度－0.003063 nm/MPa相比,增敏了1463倍.利用实验中所使用光谱仪0.05 nm的分辨率,压强测量准确度为±0.01 MPa,线性度为0.9978.     

反常色散锥形微结构光纤中高效率脉冲压缩研究

设计了一种沿光纤轴向线性变化的锥形微结构光纤,该光纤在1.55 μm波长处具有反常色散.利用自适应分步傅里叶方法求解非线性薛定谔方程,对中心波长为1.55 μm、初始脉宽为1 ps的脉冲在锥形微结构光纤中的传输进行了模拟,利用1 m长的锥形微结构光纤实现了光脉冲的高效压缩,获得了压缩因子为56.9、品质因子为27的脉冲压缩效果.从脉冲在光纤中的演化发现,在反常色散区基于非线性渐增、色散渐减的锥形微结构光纤有利于实现脉冲的高效率压缩.与普通非线性光子晶体光纤相比,锥形微结构光纤粗端具有较大的有效模式面积,这     

带光纤环的分布式光纤拉曼温度系统

 为了抑制分布式光纤拉曼温度系统的温漂和瑞利散射光窜扰反斯托克斯散射光,在传感光纤前端盲区后放置光纤取样环,用瑞利散射光解调反斯托克斯散射光及用光纤取样环的温度计算光纤线上其它点的温度,提高了系统的测温精度和稳定性。采用功率100 mW,波长1.55 μm,脉宽10 ns脉冲激光器和15 dB前置光纤放大器,100M14bitA/D转换卡及DSP作数字平均构建光纤拉曼温度系统的实验,实现了测温误差在±0.03 ℃内。     

多模梯度石英光纤拉丝、涂复技术及对光、力学性能的影响

本文描述了多模梯度石英光纤的拉丝、涂杂技术及其对光纤性能影响,对于GeO_2-P_2O_5-SiO_2三元系采用该技术可望获得强度～100kpsi,0.85μm损耗～2.5db/km,1.30μm损耗～0.7db/km,丝径125±3μm的涂复均匀、同心度良好的一次涂复光纤。文后列有一批反映工艺重复性的数据。     

方形渐变空气孔微结构光纤的色散特性分析

提出了一种新型的方形分布渐变空气孔微结构光纤。借助时域有限差分法计算了孔间距取 2.0μm和2.5μm,最小孔直径分别取0.4μm、0.6μm、0.7μm、0.8μm和1.0μm,从第一层到第五层直径线性递增量分别为0.1μm/层和0.2μm/层的五层渐变空气孔微结构光纤的基模色散曲线图,结果表明渐变空气孔微结构光纤在控制色散的能力上明显优于空气孔不变的微结构光纤,这种光纤的色散曲线在1400~2000 nm波长范围内保持平坦且具有更低的色散量;当渐变空气孔微结构光纤第三层孔的直径取与孔直径不变微结构光纤的孔直径相同,且第一层到第五层孔直径按每层0.2μm的斜率增长时,其色散曲线最低最平坦,色散值保持在30 ps/(km·nm)左右。     

高保偏聚合物光子晶体光纤的化学制备技术研究

研究了大尺寸高保偏聚合物光子晶体光纤（polymer Photonic Crystal Fibers,pPCFs）预制棒的化学原位制备技术.采用预聚物浇铸后加热聚合方法,成功制备了具有高保偏性能的光纤预制棒, 给出了聚合反应的最佳条件.对此预制棒进行二次拉伸及光学和化学性质的测试表明,该方法得到的预制棒力学结构稳定、光学透明度高,且拉伸所得光纤微结构保持完好、微孔坍塌率低、非固有损耗小.若在聚合反应体系中加入适量的激光染料或其它稀土有机螯合物等物质,可得到具有荧光性的高保偏聚合物光子晶体光纤预制棒,为保偏型聚合物光子晶体光纤激光器的研制提供新材料.     

单偏振单模聚合物光子晶体光纤设计

 设计了一种聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)基的单偏振单模(SPSM)微结构聚合物光纤(MPOF)。利用全矢量有限元法和光束传播法相结合分析了这种光纤的偏振特性和约束损耗。通过优化光纤结构参数,发现在0.51 μm～0.62 μm的可见光波长范围,由于基模两个正交偏振模的截止波长不同,这种微结构聚合物光纤只能传输基模中的一个偏振模,从而实现单偏振单模运转。该11圈圆空气孔六角排列光纤结构的传导偏振模在0.57 μm波长处约束损耗仅为1.13 dB/m,这种低损耗的单偏振单模微结构聚合物光纤可有效消除传统保偏光纤固有的偏振串扰和偏振模色散。     

Small angle X-ray scattering by spherical particles of Polystyrene and Polyvinyltoluene

The high intensity, high resolution multiple reflection diffractometer has been applied to make accurate measurements of the small angle X-ray scattering of eight different Dow Chemical latexes with stated diameters 2.051, 1.305, 0.814, 0.557, 0.365, 0.264, 0.126, and 0.088 μm. Using thin dry samples, the measured intensities of diffraction extrema with orders higher than the third were found to agree well with the simple Rayleigh-Gans theory which neglects multiple scattering as well as interparticle interference. Orders below the fourth showed a distinct effect of interparticle interference. This effect could be demonstrated to vanish when a liquid solution sample was used instead of a dry one. Scattering curves of thick dry samples had strongly decreased contrast between maxima and minima, an effect which is known to be due to multiple scattering. The following particle diameters were determined from the measured scattering curves: 2.102±0.013 μm, 1.313±0.008 μm, 0.823±0.004 μm, 0.552±0.002 μm, 0.352±0.002 μm, 0.254±0.002 μm, 0.119±0.001 μm and 0.078±0.001 μm. The discrepancies between these and the stated sizes are larger for the smaller particles. It is believed that the X-ray measurements are more accurate than the stated sizes which are based on measurements in the electron microscope. Therefore, as secondary standards, the diameter obtained from the X-ray measurements should be used.     

双层塑料靶丸的X射线相衬成像

 为对微聚焦X射线相衬成像技术应用于双层以及多层塑料靶丸成像和特征分析进行可行性研究,基于类同轴X射线成像技术,综合考虑成像放大倍数、分辨率和衬度等因素,选择合适的实验参数,成功获得了较为清晰的双层塑料靶丸X射线相衬成像照片;采用数字图像处理技术的图像分割手段,如拉普拉斯高斯边缘检测法等对所成像中靶丸边界特征进行分析处理,获得了双层靶丸内层厚度为（10.5±0.6） μm,外层厚度为（9.2±0.7） μm,靶丸外径为（273.3±1.0） μm等参数。     

激光精密刻蚀技术在硅太阳电池制备工艺中的应用

依据光学谐振腔的图解分析与设计方法,对以Nd:YAG固体激光器作光源的激光切割机进行了设计改进,实现了高亮度激光输出.并利用该设备对硅太阳电池进行了激光精密切割试验,使埋栅太阳电池电极槽达到了平均宽度为150±5 μm,槽深100±10 μm的设计指标.在发射结卷包太阳电池所用的硅衬底片上进行激光精密穿孔,目前最小孔径为20 μm.通过应用激光精密刻蚀技术,现将埋栅太阳电池光电转换效率提高到了21%,接近该领域的世界先进水平.     

Selection of mandrel wrap mode filters for optical fiber loss measurements

A selection criterion for mode filters based on far-field patterns is developed. The criterion is used to select a mandrel wrap filter for 50 μm core diameter, 125 μm outside diameter fibers with δ=1.1%. When cut-back loss measurements were made using the mandrel wrap chosen in this way, loss scaled with length to within ± 0.05 dB/km in three 2-km fibers.     

A modified high-output,size-selective aerosol generator

A compact and commercial aerosol generator capable of generating narrowly size-distributed aerosols with high mass concentrations was designed, fabricated and tested. The aerosol generator, consisting of a Delavan simplex nozzle (Model 30610-4), an L-shaped settling chamber and a virtual impactor with a clean air core, was modified and improved from Chein and Lundgren's work [20] to be more compact and readily commercial. The performance of the aerosol generator was evaluated using corn-oil, sodium chloride and uranine solutions. The results indicated that the cornoil droplets produced by the generator had a mass medium aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 7.20 ± 0.32 μm with a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.48 ± 0.01 and the aerosol generation rate was 13.8 ± 1.3 mg/min. Solid aerosols generated from NaCl solution were found to have an MMAD in the range 1.39–4.88 μm with a GSD of 1.34–1.47 with the volumetric solution concentration varying from 0.1% to 9%. At the same time, the aerosol generation rate varied from 0.27 ± 0.05 to 15.8 ± 1.8 mg/min. depending on the solution concentration and the particle size produced. In addition, a 0.01% uraniane solution was tested to generate a submicron aerosol with an MMAD of 0.93 μm and a GSD of 1.48.     

Optical tapping element for multimode fibers

We report on an optical tapping structure for multimode fibers. Its characteristic features are: 1. simple fabrication; 2. good reproducibility; 3. simple technology; 4. high coupling efficiency. The principle of the tap is based on a lateral displacement of waveguides which are butt joined. The displacement defines the fraction of power to be tapped off. With a lateral displacement of 15μm and a fiber with 100 μm outer diameter and 90 μm core diameter (acceptance angle ±30°) we measured a total coupling efficiency of 74% (73% remains in the main trunk line, ? 1% was tapped off) even though this fiber according to its high acceptance angle was not suited for the geometry of our structure. A diagram is given which shows the coupling efficiencies as a function of the lateral displacement of the fibers.     

A method for reducing optical fiber diameter fluctuations

An optical fiber diameter monitor, Type GY-A, was developed especially for fiber drawing. A new method, the pulling force-temperature method, is presented. The fiber drawing stability is improved and the fluctuation of the fiber diameter is 0.3 μm (rms).     

“阳”加速器钼丝X-pinch初步实验研究

 在“阳”加速器上进行了直径分别为10, 15, 20 μm, 交叉角为32°,45°,60°的钼（Mo）丝X-pinch实验。“阳”加速器产生的电流峰值约520 kA，上升时间80 ns。实验中通过X射线功率谱仪和纳秒分幅相机等仪器对Mo丝X-pinch辐射特性进行了诊断。实验表明：Mo丝X-pinch过程中会出现多次X射线爆发，箍缩过程中产生的热点辐射出能量超过3 keV的X射线，探测到的最小热点直径小于30 μm。     

超细低水峰抗弯损光纤的设计及制作

采用全合成预制棒制造法（VAD＋OVD）和改进的G.652.D光纤拉制法制造光纤.研究了工艺中光纤芯径的大小、第一包层的厚度、芯包折射率差、芯包比等参量与光纤弯曲性能的关系,并据此制作了几种超细低水峰抗弯损光纤.该光纤的裸光纤直径约80 μm,涂覆后成品光纤直径约140 μm,当弯曲半径不小于7.5 mm时,能够在1 260～1 625 nm整个波段内满足DWMD的传输要求.