用刚果红离子缔合负载形成树脂分离Rh,Ir,Pt,Pd,Au的研究

研究了锇铱矿的锇钌蒸残液中Ｒｈ、Ｉｒ、Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ａｕ的分离条件。于ｐＨ１．０的ＨＣｌ介质中将贵金属吸附于刚果红负载形成树脂上，以分离贵贱金属。然后用０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ洗脱Ｒｈ；３ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ洗脱Ｉｒ；０．５％的ＮａＳＣＮ－０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ洗脱Ｐｔ；５ｇ／Ｌ硫脲－０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ洗脱Ｐｄ；５０ｇ／Ｌ硫脲－０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ洗脱Ａｕ。洗脱顺序是Ｒｈ＞Ｉｒ＞Ｐｔ＞Ｐｄ＞Ａｕ。这五种贵金属的回收率在９５％～１０１％之间。     

单柱离子色谱法测定痕量草酸根离子

本文采用单柱离子色谱系统测定了Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４，以１．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ葡萄糖酸钠／１．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ硼砂为淋洗液测定Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４，８常见阴离子Ｃｌ＾－，ＮＯ＾－３，ＨＰＯ＾２－４，ＳＯ＾２－４不干扰测定，Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４的检出限为０．５７ｍｇ／Ｌ，相对标准偏差为１．０７％，工作曲线的线性范围为０．５７－５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，应用本方法测定了加Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４的自来水样，Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４的回收率为９９．５２％。     

螯合树脂静态富集／电热蒸发（ETV）—ICP—AES测定铂族元素Pt,Pd和Os

用含氮，硫功能团的螯合树脂ＹＰＡ，进行静态吸附，含待测定元素的浓缩物制成悬浮体，采用悬浮体进样／电热蒸发等离子体原子发射光谱（ＥＴＶ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）直接测定。方法的检出限分别为０．５，０．７和４．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ（对Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ和Ｏｓ）相对标准偏差分别为２．６％，４．７％和３．８％（ｎ＝１０，Ｐｔ：２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｐｄ：２ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｏｓ：５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）。应用本法对质标样进行了分析，测定值与标准值基本     

柚皮革甙的电化学研究

用单扫示波极谱法，柚皮甙在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＨ２ＰＯ４中（ＰＨ＝４．６０）有一灵敏的二阶 导数峰，峰电位为－１．４３Ｃ，峰电流与浓度在０．１－２．８ｍｇ／Ｌ和３．０－４２ｍｇ／Ｌ范围良好线性关系，     

微量贵金属对Co／γ-Al_2O_3的作用及其结构表征Ⅰ．Co－M／γ－Al_2O_3催化剂的活性及其XRD和XPS表征

催化剂采用等量浸渍法，先后将Ｃｏ与贵金属组分浸于γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上，经５００℃焙烧，４５０℃氢气还原制得（ｍＣｏ３Ｏ４／ｍＡｌ２Ｏ３＝０．０８，ｍ贵金属／ｍ催化剂＝１／１０００）．ＣＯ氧化活性的测定结果表明，贵金属Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ与Ｃｏ之间具有明显的协同催化作用，而Ｒｈ与Ｃｏ的协同作用较差．在Ｃｏ－Ｐｔ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｃｏ－Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上，ＣＯ１００％转化的温度较在Ｃｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上下降了约６０℃，而在Ｃｏ－Ｒｈ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上仅下降了２５℃左右．ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ的表征结果表明，Ｃｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３中Ｃｏ以高分散的金属Ｃｏ相和类似ＣｏＡｌ２Ｏ４的尖晶石相存在，而Ｃｏ－Ｍ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３（Ｍ＝Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ，Ｒｈ）催化剂中，Ｃｏ相已完全被还原为零价．高分散的金属钴相和贵金属相的协同作用，可能与氧从贵金属至Ｃｏ相上的溢流效应有关．     

测定超氧化物歧化酶活性的一种新的极谱分析方法

报道一种测定超氧化物歧化酶活生的新极谱分析方法，在０．１２５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ３．Ｈ２Ｏ－０．７５ＭＯＬ／ｌ ｎｈ４ｃＬ－２．５％，Ｎａ２ＳＯ３－０．５％，吐温－８０－的介质中，ＳＯＤ在－０．５２Ｖ处产生一氧极谱催化波。ＳＯＤ在１．０×１０＾３Ｕ／Ｌ－４．０×１０＾３Ｕ／Ｌ的活性含量范围内与催化电流呈线性关系，检出限为８．０×１０＾２Ｕ／Ｌ。     

基于亚硝化反应的极谱法测定亚硝酸根的研究

提出了一种基于在酸性介质中甲基紫与亚硝酸根发生亚硝化反应，极谱法测定亚硝酸根的新体系。亚硝化产物在－０．７５Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）处２．５次微分波的波高与ＮＯ２－的质量浓度在２．０×１０－３～２．０×１０－２ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｓ＝４μＡ），４．０×１０－３～１．６×１０－１ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｓ＝０．０２ｍＡ）范围内成直线关系。该法重复性好，且大多数常见的阴、阳离子不干扰，用于污水中痕量ＮＯ２－的测定，结果满意。     

芦荟大黄素的电化学研究

用单扫示波极谱法研究了芦荟大黄素的电化学行为。在５％Ｎａ２ＣＯ３＋５％ＮａＯＨ（９＋１）底液中，芦荟大黄素于－０．８４Ｖ（Ｐ１）和－０．９７Ｖ（Ｐ２）处产生两个示波极谱峰，利用Ｐ１可测定芦荟大黄素，线性范围为 ０．１１－２４ｍｇ／Ｌ和３．０－２８．６ｍｇ／Ｌ，检测限为０．０６ｍｇ／Ｌ。将该法应用于中药大黄中的芦荟大黄素的测定，结果满意。另外，讨论了芦荟大黄素清除由邻苯三酚自氧化产生的超氧自由基（Ｏ２）的作用。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量苯酚

研究了在硫酸介质中苯酚对Ｉ＾－１催化Ｃｅ＾４＋－Ａｓ（Ⅲ）反应的抑制作用及其动力学条件。建立了用催化动力这光度法测定痕量苯酚的新方法，结果表明，在０．００１ｍｏｌ／ＬＣｅ（ＳＯ４）２，０．００１２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ａｓ２Ｏ３，０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＫＩ，０．０１２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｈ２ＳＯ４和０．１３％（ｗ／ｖ）ＮａＣｌ溶液中测定苯酚，其表面摩尔吸光系数为２．１×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，线性范围     

低压离子色谱法测定天然水中Cl~-,NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)

利用低压离子色谱法（电导检测器）测定了沈阳地区自来水、湖水、河水和雨水中的Ｃｌ－，ＮＯ－３和ＳＯ２－４。当以１．４４ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＣＯ３作淋洗液、流速为１．２ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ时，分离效果良好，３种阴离子的检出限分别为０．０１３６，０．２０４和０．１６１ｍｇ／Ｌ，回收率为９０％～１０４％。选定的色谱条件同样适用于ＮＯ－２和ＳＯ２－３的测定。重点讨论了用低压离子色谱法测定阴离子时在选用淋洗液组成上的局限性。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。