简易模板法制备有序介孔碳

通过一种简易的模板法制备了有序介孔碳,即硅/P123三嵌段共聚物复合物经硫酸处理后,再加入蔗糖碳源经碳化和除硅处理合成出有序介孔碳。该方法与传统硬模板相比,其合成工序简单,成本更低;与其他简化合成方法相比,避免了由碳源不足而造成的介孔碳有序性低的缺点。通过小角XRD、N2吸脱附和HRTEM对样品及其中间过程进行了表征。结果表明,自晶化过程后,样品在合成的各个时期均保持着有序的介孔结构,当蔗糖添加量为1.5g时合成出的介孔碳材料有序性最高,比表面积和孔容也最高,分别为1261m2·g-1,1.03cm3·g-1。     

有序介孔Ru-MgZr复合氧化物合成及催化亚油酸异构化性能

筛选高效、高选择性多相催化剂异构化亚油酸是共轭亚油酸(CLA)研究的重点。 本文采用溶剂挥发自组装改进的溶胶-凝胶法,合成有序介孔Ru掺杂的MgO-ZrO₂固体碱催化剂。 考察了催化剂中不同Mg物质的量对催化剂孔径、比表面积和表面碱性以及Ru等的结构和性能对催化性能的影响。 对比了催化剂的形貌、表面碱性及Ru组分对催化性能的影响程度。 结果表明,n(Zr)∶n(Mg)=3∶1时,Ru掺杂的MgO-ZrO₂固体碱催化剂具有高度有序的介孔结构和高的比表面积。 而n(Zr)∶n(Mg)=1∶1时, MgO-ZrO₂固体碱催化剂合成CLA产率较高,反应时间4 h,产率达到85%,催化效率为0.099 g(CLA)·L^-1(solvent)·min^-1,并且催化产物主要为具有生物活性的3种共轭亚油酸异构体。 催化剂的强碱性位点和晶格Ru是催化异构化反应的两个活性位点,强碱性位点是提高催化性能的关键。 固体碱复合氧化物催化效率高、制备方法简单、反应产物生物活性高等优点,具有较好的应用前景。     

Preparation of the Ordered Mesoporous Carbon/Fe304 and Its Application for the Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin

采用微湿含浸法制备了有序中孔炭/四氧化三铁磁性材料.采用透射电镜和X射线衍射对复合材料进行了表征.将血红蛋白（Hb）固定于材料表面,对其直接电化学行为进行了研究,结果表明Hb在该材料内仍保持了其生物活性,在pH=7.0的PBS缓冲液中,血红蛋白表现出一对峰形良好的准可逆氧化还原峰,为Hb的Fe（Ⅲ）/Fe（Ⅱ）电对的特征峰,求出式电位E0＇为-0.306 V,电子转移数为n=1.226,电荷传递系数为α=0.51,表观异相电子转移速率常数为KS=0.0144s-1.在3.00×10-6到1.50×10-4mol/L浓度范围内,血红蛋白的浓度与其响应电流呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为R=0.9924,最低检测限为0.270×10-6mol/L.     

有序中孔炭/四氧化三铁复合材料的制备及其用于血红蛋白的电化学研究

采用微湿含浸法制备了有序中孔炭/四氧化三铁磁性材料.采用透射电镜和X射线衍射对复合材料进行了表征.将血红蛋白(Hb)固定于材料表面,对其直接电化学行为进行了研究,结果表明Hb在该材料内仍保持了其生物活性,在pH=7.0的PBS缓冲液中,血红蛋白表现出一对峰形良好的准可逆氧化还原峰,为Hb的Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对的特征峰,求出式电位E0’为-0.306 V,电子转移数为n=1.226,电荷传递系数为α=0.51,表观异相电子转移速率常数为KS=0.0144s-1.在3.00×10-6到1.50×10-4mol/L浓度范围内,血红蛋白的浓度与其响应电流呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为R=0.9924,最低检测限为0.270×10-6mol/L.     

氮化钨-钨/掺氮有序介孔碳复合材料的制备及其氧还原性能

采用软模板法制备了氮化钨-钨/掺氮有序介孔碳复合材料(WN-W/NOMC),作为一种高比表面积且价格低廉的阴极氧还原反应催化剂。通过适量添加尿素来改变复合材料中的氮含量,在掺氮量为7%(w/w)时,实验发现材料能够保持完整有序介孔结构,测试其比表面积高达835 m~2·g~(-1),透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试结果显示其催化颗粒均匀地分散在氮掺杂有序介孔碳载体上。在O_2饱和的0.1 mol·L~(-1 )KOH溶液中测试了材料的氧还原催化性能(ORR),显示其起始电位为0.87 V(vs RHE),极限电流密度为4.49 mA·cm~(-2),氧还原反应的转移电子数为3.4,接近于20%(w/w)商业Pt/C的3.8,说明该材料表现出近似4电子的氧还原反应途径。研究结果表明,WN-W/NOMC的催化性能虽然稍弱于商业铂碳(0.99 V,5.1 mA·cm~(-2)),但其具有远超铂碳的循环稳定性和耐甲醇毒化能力。     

氮化钨-钨/掺氮有序介孔碳复合材料的制备及其氧还原性能

采用软模板法制备了氮化钨-钨/掺氮有序介孔碳复合材料（WN-W/NOMC）,作为一种高比表面积且价格低廉的阴极氧还原反应催化剂。通过适量添加尿素来改变复合材料中的氮含量,在掺氮量为7%（w/w）时,实验发现材料能够保持完整有序介孔结构,测试其比表面积高达835 m²·g^-1,透射电子显微镜（TEM）测试结果显示其催化颗粒均匀地分散在氮掺杂有序介孔碳载体上。在O₂饱和的0.1 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中测试了材料的氧还原催化性能（ORR）,显示其起始电位为0.87 V（vs RHE）,极限电流密度为4.49 mA·cm^-2,氧还原反应的转移电子数为3.4,接近于20%（w/w）商业Pt/C的3.8,说明该材料表现出近似4电子的氧还原反应途径。研究结果表明,WN-W/NOMC的催化性能虽然稍弱于商业铂碳（0.99 V,5.1 mA·cm^-2）,但其具有远超铂碳的循环稳定性和耐甲醇毒化能力。     

有序介孔碳/石墨烯/镍泡沫的制备及其对多巴胺的高灵敏度和高选择性检测

柔性生物传感器在可穿戴电子设备中有着广泛的应用前景. 为了获得柔性电化学多巴胺传感器,作者在本工作中首先在镍泡沫表面通过化学气相沉积生长石墨烯,随后通过高温碳化嵌段共聚物与酚醛树脂在石墨烯表面共组装形成的薄膜制备了有序介孔碳/石墨烯/镍泡沫（OMC/G/Ni）复合材料. 其中,镍泡沫可以为复合材料提供具有高导电性和良好柔韧性的金属骨架,而具有垂直排列介孔阵列的有序介孔碳层为复合材料提供了高的电活性表面积,且有利于活性位点的暴露. 值得注意的是,夹在有序介孔碳层和镍泡沫之间的石墨烯极大地增强了各组分之间的相容性,有利于进一步提升复合材料的电化学性能. 作为电化学传感器中的工作电极,OMC/G/Ni体现出优异的多巴胺检测能力. 不但具有宽的线性检测范围（0.05 ~ 58.75 μmol·L^-1）和低检测限（0.019 μmol·L^-1）,还具有良好的选择性、重现性和稳定性. 此外,OMC/G/Ni在弯曲状态下依旧能够保持对多巴胺的高检测能力,证明了其在柔性生物传感器中的应用潜力.     

Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cyanide

The development of easy and affordable methods for the detection of cyanide is of great significance due to the high toxicity of this anion and the potential risks associated with its pollution. Herein, optical detection of cyanide in water has been achieved by using a hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterial. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were loaded with [Ru(bipy)₃]²⁺, functionalized with macrocyclic nickel(II) complex subunits, and capped with a sterically hindering anion (hexametaphosphate). Cyanide selectively induces demetallation of nickel(II) complexes and the removal of capping anions from the silica surface, allowing the release of the dye and the consequent increase in fluorescence intensity. The response of the capped nanoparticles in aqueous solution is highly selective and sensitive towards cyanide with a limit of detection of 2 μm .     

石墨化的有序介孔碳的制备及其作为载体的Pt催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化

以低分子量的酚醛树脂为碳源, F127为模板剂, NiCl₂为石墨化促进剂, 通过一步模板法辅助合成有序介孔碳. X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试结果表明, Ni以金属颗粒的方式进入碳材料的骨架中, 明显提高了有序介孔碳的石墨化程度, 而碳的有序介孔结构几乎没有变化. 在700 ℃热解温度下, Ni含量为5%时, 可以清晰地观察到Ni周围呈现碳的石墨结构. 在硫酸和甲醇溶液中进行循环伏安测试, 结果显示, 碳材料的石墨化有利于提高其电催化活性, 含Ni 5%的碳载Pt催化剂电化学活性面积可达24.84 m²•g^－1, 甲醇氧化峰电流为3.92 mA.     

Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Lead in Tap Water at an Ordered Mesoporous Carbon/Nafion Composite film Electrode

A sensitive mercury‐free lead (Pb²⁺) sensor has been proposed based on an ordered mesoporous carbon and Nafion composite film (OMC/Nafion) coated glassy carbon electrode. The analysis of Pb²⁺ using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) includes two steps. Pb²⁺ ions are firstly reduced and deposited on the electrode surface in a Pb²⁺ solution (10 mL) during a preconcentration step biased at ?1.0 V, followed by a measurement step by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) within the potential range of ?0.8 to ?0.3 V (scan rate: 20 mV/s, frequency: 20 Hz, amplitude: 50 mV, pulse width: 50 ms). Linear calibration curve was found to be from 20 nM to 2 μM for Pb²⁺ with a sensitivity of 17.4±1.38 μA/μM after a 5‐min of preconcentration. The detection limit was estimated to be around 4.60±0.12 nM at the signal to noise ratio of 3. Reproducibility (RSD%) was found to be 3.0% for a single sensor with eight measurements and 4.3% for five sensors prepared with identical procedures. The practical application of the proposed lead sensor was verified by determination of trace level of Pb²⁺ in tap water sample.     

镍氮掺杂有序大孔/介孔碳负载银纳米颗粒用于高效电催化CO2还原

多组分体系中的协同作用为设计高效的二氧化碳还原电催化剂提供了新的思路. 本工作通过双模板法和化学还原法精心设计制备了大孔/介孔镍氮掺杂碳(Ni-N-OMMC)负载银纳米颗粒复合材料(Ag/Ni-N-OMMC), 用于高效电催化还原CO₂为CO. 此复合材料表现出良好的电催化活性, 在CO₂饱和的0.1 mol•L^–1 KHCO₃电解液中, 电位为–1.0 V (相对于可逆氢电极, RHE)时CO的电流密度(J_CO)高达33.29 mA•cm^–2. 并具有较宽的工作电压范围, 在–0.7~–1.0 V (vs. RHE)下, CO的法拉第效率超过90%. 其优异的电催化性能可能归因于Ag纳米颗粒与具有丰富Ni-N _x活性位点的Ni-N-OMMC载体之间的协同效应, 以及三维互联有序大孔/介孔结构提供的高比表面积和高效的质量/电荷传输.     

Simultaneous and Sensitive Detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) Using a Novel Bismuth Film/Ordered Mesoporous Carbon‐molecular Wire Modified Graphite Carbon Paste Electrode

An electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous and sensitive detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) is proposed on the basis of square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) experiments using a novel bismuth film/ordered mesoporous carbon‐molecular wire modified graphite carbon paste electrode (Bi/OMC‐MW/GCPE). Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) and molecular wire (MW) (diphenylacetylene) were used as the modifier and binder, respectively. The Bi/OMC‐MW/GCPE was prepared with the addition of graphite powder, OMC and DPA at the ratio of 2 : 1 : 1. The electrochemical properties and morphology of the electrode were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), SWASV and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The parameters affecting the stripping current response were investigated and optimized. The experimental results show that the prepared electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, good electrical conductivity and a high stripping voltammetric response. Under optimized conditions, a linear range was achieved over a concentration range from 1.0 to 70.0 μg/L for both Cd(II) and Pb(II) metal ions, with detection limits of 0.07 μg/L for Cd(II) and 0.08 μg/L for Pb(II) (S/N=3) with the deposition time 150 s. Moreover, the sensor exhibited improved sensitivity and reproducibility compared to traditional CPEs. The fabricated electrode was then successfully used to satisfactorily detect Cd(II) and Pb(II) in real soil samples.     

基于RGO-Au-ZIF-8复合材料的电化学传感器制备及其在铅离子和铜离子同时检测中的应用

金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料因其结构和组成特点在重金属离子的吸附和预富集方面表现出独特优势,在重金属离子的光学传感方面显示出极大的应用潜力,但其导电性较差,这大大限制了其在电化学传感领域的应用.制备了一种功能化的金属有机骨架复合材料——热还原氧化石墨烯-金-沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(RGO-Au-ZIF-8).该复合材料具有较本体MOF显著改善的电化学性质,利用其构建电化学传感平台实现了对水相溶液中铅离子(Pb2+)和铜离子(Cu2+)的同时灵敏检测.借助扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱法和各种电化学技术对所制备材料及其修饰电极的形貌、结构和电化学特性进行了表征.采用阳极溶出伏安法(DPASV)对水相溶液中的Pb2+和Cu2+进行检测,并对检测溶液pH、沉积时间和沉积电位等实验参数进行了优化.在最优化条件下,该传感平台对Pb2+和Cu2+的检测线性浓度范围分别为0.005～10 (Pb2+)和0.01～10 (Cu2+)μmol·L-1,检测限为2.6×10-9 (Pb2+)和7.8×10-9 (Cu2+) mol·L-1.此外,还对该传感平台的选择性、重现性和稳定性进行了考...     

碳化物修饰的有序介孔炭的制备及其催化肼分解性能

 以间苯二酚和甲醛为炭源, F127 (EO₁₀₆PO₇₀EO₁₀₆) 为结构导向剂, 在酸性水/乙醇溶液中引入 (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄•4H₂O 或 (NH₄)₂WO₄ 溶液, 经静置自组装形成凝胶, 再于 N₂ 中焙烧即合成出金属碳化物修饰的有序介孔炭材料. 结果表明, 金属离子的种类和用量对碳化物的分散度和介孔炭的有序度影响很大. 通过控制金属离子的用量可制备出粒径为 3~5 nm 且高度分散在介孔炭骨架中的碳化物粒子. 与分步浸渍法相比, 一步法制备的碳化物具有更高的分散度和催化肼分解活性.     

Soft‐Templating Synthesis of N‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction

The development of ordered mesoporous carbon materials with controllable structures and improved physicochemical properties by doping heteroatoms such as nitrogen into the carbon framework has attracted a lot of attention, especially in relation to energy storage and conversion. Herein, a series of nitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbon spheres (NMCs) was synthesized via a facile dual soft‐templating procedure by tuning the nitrogen content and carbonization temperature. Various physical and (electro)chemical properties of the NMCs have been comprehensively investigated to pave the way for a feasible design of nitrogen‐containing porous carbon materials. The optimized sample showed a favorable electrocatalytic activity as evidenced by a high kinetic current and positive onset potential for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to its large surface area, high pore volume, good conductivity, and high nitrogen content, which make it a highly efficient ORR metal‐free catalyst in alkaline solutions.     

Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Highly Sensitive Detection of Chlorpromazine in Human Whole Blood Based on the Silica Nanochannel Array Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode

Rapid and highly sensitive quantitative analysis of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in human whole blood is of great importance for human health. Herein, we utilize the screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) as the electrode substrates for growth of highly electroactive and antifouling nanocomposite materials consisting of vertically ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) nanosheets. The preparation of such VMSF/ErGO/SPCE could be performed by using an electrochemical method in a few seconds and the operation is controllable. Inner ErGO layer converted from graphene oxide (GO) in the growth process of VMSF provides oxygen-containing groups and two-dimensional π-conjugated planar structure for stable fabrication of outer VMSF layer. Owing to the π-π enrichment and excellent electrocatalytic abilities of ErGO, electrostatic preconcentration and antifouling capacities of VMSF, and inherent disposable and miniaturized properties of SPCE, the proposed VMSF/ErGO/SPCE sensor could be applied for quantitative determination of CPZ in human whole blood with high accuracy and sensitivity, good stability, and low sample consumption.     

聚四氟乙烯片基上寡核苷酸原位的合成及金标银染检测

Poly（tetrafluoroethylene） （PTFE） was treated with plasma in a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen （1 ： 2 in volume）. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） demonstrated the success of amino group grafting. The as-treated PTFE slices were successively applied to the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides. With the detection of gold-label-silver-stain, the hybridization signals were recorded with a gel document and analysis system. A target DNA concentration as low as 10 pmol/L could be detected. The complementary and mismatched sequences were distinguished clearly, and the ratio of background-subtracted gray scale values for perfect match ： 1 base mismatch ： 2 base mismatch ： 3 base mismatch was 72 ： 44.4 ： 22.5 ： 11.4. The sensitivity of in situ synthesis system was 1 order of magnitude higher than that of spotting system, and the signal of the former was about 1.5 times stronger than that of the latter under the same target DNA concentration. These plasma modified PTFE slices might open novel prospects for the in situ synthesis of DNA micro-arrays.     

In situ Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Using Thermal-initiated and Graphene Oxide-initiated Polymerization

A facile and cost-effective method to prepare poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites was developed by in situ polymerization. By using thermal-initiated and GO-initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), no extra radical initiator was added during the reaction. Without any pre-functionalization of GO, PMMA chains were covalently bonded to its surface, which was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations. TGA analysis showed that the mass ratio of grafted PMMA and GO was as high as 1.7. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction investigations demonstrated that the grafting of PMMA chains to GO surfaces resulted in homogeneous dispersion of GO sheets in PMMA matrix, which led to a commendable performance on its mechanical and thermal properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that, at a loading level of just 0.5 wt% for the nanocomposites, the storage modulus of the nanocomposites was improved 14%, and the glass transition temperature was increased 12°C in comparison with that of neat PMMA. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the onset degradation temperature of the nanocomposites was increased 13°C with a GO content of 0.25 wt%.     

In situ Synthesis of Oligonucleotides on Plasma Treated Polypropylene Microporous Membrane

Polypropylene microporous membranes were treated with plasma in a mixture of N2 and H2 (1:2 in volume). Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultra-violet (UV) spectra demonstrated the success of grafting amino groups. The density of the polar amino groups on the membrane surface is about 0.59 μmol/cm^2. The as-treated membranes were successively applied to the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides and an average coupling yield was more than 98%. The surface feature of the treated membrane is suggested to be responsible for its advantage over a glass slide.     

A Novel Aptamer-Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of Lead in Aquatic Products

Lead contamination in aquatic products is one of the main hazard factors. The aptasensor is a promising detection method for lead ion (Pb(II)) because of its selectivity, but it is easily affected by pH. The combination of ion-imprinted polymers(IIP) with aptamers may improve their stability in different pH conditions. This paper developed a novel electrochemical biosensor for Pb(II) detection by using aptamer-imprinted polymer as a recognition element. The glassy carbon electrode was modified with gold nanoparticles and aptamers. After the aptamer was induced by Pb(II) to form a G-quadruplex conformation, a chitosan-graphene oxide was electrodeposited and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to form an imprint layer, improving the stability of the biosensor. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the current signal change (∆I) showed a linear correlation of the content of Pb(II) in the range of 0.1–2.0 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.0796 μg/mL (S/N = 3). The biosensor also exhibited high selectivity for the determination of Pb(II) in the presence of other interfering metal ion. At the same time, the stability of the imprinted layer made the sensor applicable to the detection environment with a pH of 6.4–8.0. Moreover, the sensor was successfully applied to the detection of Pb(II) in mantis shrimp.