面向亚硝酸盐检测的电化学传感器

亚硝酸盐有毒并可致癌,是一种广泛存在于自然环境和人类的生活领域中的污染物。亚硝酸盐的快速灵敏检测成为十分必要且具有重要意义的研究工作。电化学方法由于具有反应速度快、灵敏度高、检测限低等优点而倍受青睐。本文从复合电极基底及负载不同活性物质的角度详细介绍了近年来针对亚硝酸盐电化学检测的纳米复合材料传感器的研究进展,重点详述了构建方法和检测结果。以期通过它们个性和共性的比较,对构建新型电化学传感器提供参考。     

基于多肽识别的电化学生物传感技术

多肽具有分子量小、易于合成、生物兼容性好、稳定性高及序列灵活多样等优点.因此,多肽作为新型生物识别元件,已被广泛应用于生物传感器的构建.电化学分析灵敏度高、准确度好、设备简单、检测范围广且易于操作.本文介绍了基于多肽识别的电化学生物传感器技术,包括多肽的修饰与固定化、多肽与待测物的识别及检测原理;综述了近五年多肽电化学...     

基于金属有机骨架的非酶葡萄糖电化学传感器

葡萄糖的快速有效检测在维持人体健康、疾病控制与诊断、生物科学和食品科学等方面具有重要意义.基于金属有机骨架(MOFs)的催化活性和比表面积大等特点,MOFs已被成功开发为非酶葡萄糖电化学传感器.本文综述了基于非改性MOFs、纳米金属粒子掺杂MOFs、金属及金属氧化物核@MOFs、碳纳米材料@MOFs、核-壳MOFs在检...     

硫化氢气体传感器的研究进展

硫化氢(H_2S)是一种具有臭鸡蛋气味的腐蚀性气体,是广泛存在的环境污染物之一。H_2S为剧毒性气体,且易挥发,严重损伤人的呼吸系统,甚至神经系统和心脏器官。因此,实现H_2S气体的快速、高灵敏及实时检测对于工业生产、公共安全、环境监测和医疗健康等领域具有十分重要的意义。该文对近5年来电量型和光学型两类H_2S气体传感器在传感技术和传感材料上取得的重要进展进行了综述,并对这两类传感器所面临的问题和未来发展趋势进行了探讨。     

Optical Chemical Sensors Based on Sol-Gel Materials: Recent Advances and Critical Issues

The use of the sol-gel process to produce materials for optical chemical sensors and biosensors is attracting considerable interest. This interest derives mainly from the design flexibility of the sol-gel process and the ease of fabrication. In most applications the sol-gel material is used to provide a microporous support matrix in which analyte-sensitive species are entrapped and into which smaller analyte molecules may diffuse. Sensors based on entrapped organic and inorganic dyes, enzymes and other biomolecules have been reported. A range of sensor configurations has been employed, including monoliths, thin films, as well as more elaborate structures. In this paper a selection is presented of recent significant developments in optical chemical sensors which employ solgel-derived materials. These developments include the tailoring of sol-gel materials to optimise sensor response, advanced waveguide structures and novel probe-tip sensors. Those issues which remain critical to the eventual deployment of sol-gel sensors are examined. In particular, the problems of leaching, microstructural stability, diffusion-limited response time, and susceptibility to interferents are discussed and some solutions proposed.     

荧光共轭聚合物传感器用于病原体检测的研究进展

以共轭聚合物为基础的传感器用于检测病原体是现代临床医学发展的一个新方向. 综述了近十年来聚二乙炔(PDA)以及聚苯撑乙炔撑(PPE)等共轭聚合物传感器用于病原体检测的研究进展.     

Recent Advances on Electrochemical Sensors Based on Electroactive Bacterial Systems for Toxicant Monitoring: A Minireview

In recent years, there have been advancements in the development of bacterial electrochemical sensors for toxicity monitoring, especially through utilization of electroactive bacteria. Accordingly, this mini review summarizes the recent advances in the design of bacterial-based electrochemical sensors with a specific discussion of main methodologies used for preparation of bioelectrodes based on electroactive bacteria. Additionally, current trends in the design of efficient and high performing bacterial electrochemical sensors for toxicity monitoring are presented. An overview of the most relevant findings and challenges of this technology for practical are provided and might serve as a general outlook for planning further research.     

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Mycotoxin Detection in Food

Mycotoxins pose a grave global threat to human life and health by contaminating food and feed and cause enormous losses in healthcare and trading. Trace mycotoxin concentrations and diverse matrices in food make identification and measurement challenges, necessitating highly specific and sensitive detection methods. Electrochemical (EC) sensors are characterized by simple operation, outstanding sensitivity, low cost, and facile miniaturization and have become a promising strategy for addressing specificity and sensitivity in detection. Recent studies on EC sensors for mycotoxin detection for food safety are reviewed here. First, we summarize the fabrication of EC sensors and techniques with enhanced specificity and sensitivity. Then, we review state-of-the-art EC sensors for detecting major mycotoxins. Challenges and opportunities for this technology are further discussed. Finally, in-depth information is provided on using EC sensors to detect mycotoxins for food safety, as well as the development of EC sensors for academic study and practical application.     

扫描电化学显微镜及其最新进展

对扫描电化学显微镜技术的基本原理,仪器设备,最新的研究进展和发展展望进行了评述。     

高效医学传感钙钛矿材料研究进展

卤化物钙钛矿材料作为一种新型半导体材料,具有优异的光电转换特性、能级结构可调、易于加工、结构和尺寸以及形貌可调、改性后优异的生物相容性等优点,在医学检测传感器中具有广阔的应用前景。本综述讨论了钙钛矿材料在生物医学传感领域的研究进展,钙钛矿医学传感器能通过光电转换、全光转换、电催化等多种物理或化学机制实现传感,具有可灵活选择的器件结构、性能指标和信号传递方式,用于人体代谢物质、神经递质、癌症相关物质和药物等医学物质的检测。钙钛矿医学传感器将为未来的医工多学科融合提供新希望,加快医工融合发展。     

纳米材料电化学与生物传感器——有机微污染物检测新途径

本文介绍了近年来纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的研究现状,分析了这些传感器中纳米材料修饰电极的特点,重点阐述了纳米材料在有机微污染物检测中的重要作用,列举了一些纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的应用。最后对纳米材料电化学与生物传感器用于有机微污染物的检测研究进行了简要评述和展望。     

分子印迹电化学传感器的制备及其对啶虫脒的响应特性

应用恒电位沉积法制备了以壳聚糖为功能基体,啶虫脒为模板分子、戊二醛为交联剂的印迹膜电极,并构建印迹传感器。借助阳离子指示探针Ru(NH3)6Cl3,研究该印迹传感器的电化学响应特性及其对模板分子啶虫脒的分子识别性能。结果表明,印迹传感器具有良好的印迹效果,相较于结构类似物如吡虫啉等,对啶虫脒有较高的结合速率和特异性识别能力,且在啶虫脒浓度为1.0 × 10-7 ~ 2.0 × 10-5 mol/L范围内呈线性响应,为农药残留物中啶虫脒的选择性分析提供新的思路。     

电化学生物传感应用于体外检测的研究

电化学生物传感技术以它独特的检测、分析方法以及在临床检测中潜在的应用,近年来受到研究者越来越多的关注。癌症生物标志物的早期检测能够使得患者在癌症发展至晚期前得到治疗,增加患者存活率。此外,生物标志物能够用于确定疾病的复发,以及患者在接受化疗、放疗和外科治疗之后的后续评估。本文主要论述了现有癌症生物标志物检测的设备和方法,并对这些方法的优点和不足作了简单的评述。另外,介绍了体外诊断设备的发展现状和电化学传感技术的特点,并对癌症早期的主要生物标志物进行了介绍,以及着重论述了电化学传感技术应用于临床靶向生物标志物检测的研究进展。此外,还展望了电化学生物传感技术未来的研究方向和发展趋势。从目前的的研究来看,电化学传感技术在体外诊断和临床检测癌症生物标志物等方面存在着较大的应用潜质,有望成为生物、医学、环境等领域重要的研究技术。     

电化学超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

回顾了电化学超级电容器电极材料的研究进展，并对不同电极材料的储能原理和性能特点进行了简要的阐述。参考文献29篇。     

电化学电容器连续模型的建立与研究进展

电化学电容器（超级电容器）是一种兼具高能量密度和高功率密度的新型储能元件,它既具有传统电容器大电流快速充放电的特性,又具有蓄电池高储能密度的特性. 近几年,电化学电容器储能机理的研究和纳米结构电极复合材料的合成不断取得新突破,超级电容器的电化学性能得到了显著的提高. 为了更好地解析电化学电容器的工作特性,建立描述电容器内部浓度分布和电场的物理模型是一项非常重要的研究方法. 本文首先介绍电化学电容器理论基础,并论述近几年电化学电容器连续模型研究进展,最后阐述连续模型进一步发展的前景和挑战.     

基于功能材料的电化学传感器检测新烟碱类杀虫剂的研究进展

基于纳米材料的电化学分析技术已成为快速检测新烟碱类杀虫剂的研究热点。尤其是新型功能材料的应用,对拓宽农药传感器的适用性和增大检测范围具有重要意义。该文以功能材料为核心,梳理了适配体、分子印迹、光电材料、碳纳米材料、有机框架材料等新型功能材料的最新发展,重点阐述了功能材料在构建新烟碱类杀虫剂电化学传感器中的突出作用、优缺点及最新进展,并对基于功能材料的各类新烟碱类杀虫剂电化学传感器的未来发展进行了展望,以期为其深入研究与应用提供参考。     

检测硝基苯的类石墨氮化碳修饰电化学传感器研究

以三聚氰胺为原料,利用热缩聚法制备了类石墨氮化碳(g-C_3N_4),并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱等方法对其进行表征。然后将g-C_3N_4超声分散于Nafion溶液中,将所得悬浊液修饰到玻碳电极上,制备用于检测硝基苯的电化学传感器(g-C_3N_4/Nafion/GCE)。采用循环伏安法、方波伏安法研究了硝基苯在该电极上的电化学行为。在优化实验条件下,硝基苯在该电极上的方波伏安还原峰电流与其浓度在4.0×10~(-6)~6.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.999 8,检出限为4.0×10~(-7)mol/L。按照国家标准方法对实际水样进行检测,未检测出硝基苯。配制两个浓度水平硝基苯的模拟水样进行加标回收实验,其回收率分别为102.1%和99.9%。用气相色谱法做对照实验,结果表明本方法与气相色谱法的测定结果无显著性差异。     

An Overview of Wearable and Implantable Electrochemical Glucose Sensors

Electrochemical glucose sensors have garnered considerable attention because of their attractive prospect in point-of-care testing (POCT). In this review, we firstly introduce the principles and challenges of electrochemical glucose sensors. Subsequently, we present an overview of the application of electrochemical glucose sensors and discuss their advantages and drawbacks. Wearable and implantable devices based on diverse target biofluid and platforms provide a considerable prospect of accurate and continuous monitoring. Thus, we believe that the future development direction of electrochemical glucose sensors is non-invasive, wearable devices and implantable devices with minimally invasive for continuous glucose monitoring in real time.     

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Enzyme Immunoassays

Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are currently the predominant analytical technique for the quantitative determination of a broad variety of analytes in clinical, medical, biotechnological, and environmental significance. Although the most common detection methods for EIAs are based on spectroscopic measurements, electrochemical techniques, due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity and low cost, have emerged as a very attractive alternative to carry out the detection step in this kind of assays. The intention of this review is to cover the progress and development in integrating electrochemical detection methods with EIAs, over the past five years.     

杯芳烃化学传感器的研究进展

杯芳烃衍生化得到不同结构和功能基团的主体分子。通过主客体分子作用可包结、螯合客体分子,并可作为敏感材料应用在离子选择电极、离子敏感场效应管、离子光导膜、压电晶体等各种类型的化学传感器上,用于离子和中性分子的识别和检测。