A Self‐assembled L‐Cysteine and Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles‐reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Electrode for Adsorptive Stripping Determination of Copper

Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with L‐cysteine and gold nanoparticles‐reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs‐RGO) composite was fabricated as a novel electrochemical sensor for the determination of Cu²⁺. The AuNPs‐RGO composite was formed on GCE surface by electrodeposition. The L‐cysteine was decorated on AuNPs by self‐assembly. Physicochemical and electrochemical properties of L‐cysteine/AuNPs‐RGO/GCE were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry and adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The results validated that the prepared electrode had many attractive features, such as large electroactive area, good electrical conductivity and high sensitivity. Experimental conditions, including electrodeposition cycle, self‐assembly time, electrolyte pH and preconcentration time were studied and optimized. Stripping signals obtained from L‐cysteine/AuNPs‐RGO/GCE exhibited good linear relationship with Cu²⁺ concentrations in the range from 2 to 60 μg L⁻¹, with a detection limit of 0.037 μg L⁻¹. Finally, the prepared electrode was applied for the determination of Cu²⁺ in soil samples, and the results were in agreement with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.     

Organic‐inorganic‐hybrid‐enhancement Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Cu (II) in River Water

A dual strategy that the L‐cysteine self‐assembling on three‐dimensional network of organic‐hybrid‐materials realized by successive interaction of Au−S bond is employed to construct as the amplified electrochemical sensor for determination Cu (II). Specifically, the sensor combined a rigid three‐dimension inorganic net which provides a higher interfacial area as well as faster adsorption of ions. Accordingly, surface and interfacial‐dominated electro‐catalysis reactivity is used as an ideal test‐bed to verify the reliability of electrochemical sensor that reveal enhancement sensitiveness and selectivity, low detection limit, and stability over a long period of time. Time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) were used to calculating the all complexes energies at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level associated with the polarized continuum model (PCM). The result of calculation indicates that the binding strength of Cu (II), Cd (II), As (III), Hg (II) with L‐cysteine are decrease successively, and this is in well agreement with experimental results. This work not only achieves an unprecedented understanding to L‐cysteine/Au/TiO₂/GCE sensor but also provides a new perspective for application in detection of Cu (II) in real river waters.     

A Non‐Enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles/Carbon Nanotube/Self‐Doped Polyaniline Hollow Spheres

In this study, a novel non‐enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensor was fabricated based on gold nanoparticles/carbon nanotube/self‐doped polyaniline (AuNPs/CNTs/SPAN) hollow spheres modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). SPAN was in‐site polymerized on the surface of SiO₂ template, then AuNPs and CNTs were decorated by electrostatic absorption via poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). After the SiO₂ cores were removed, hollow AuNPs/CNTs/SPAN spheres were obtained and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical catalytic performance of the hollow AuNPs/CNTs/SPAN/GCE for H₂O₂ detection was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. Using chronoamperometric method at a constant potential of ?0.1 V (vs. SCE), the H₂O₂ sensor displays two linear ranges: one from 5 µM to 0.225 mM with a sensitivity of 499.82 µA mM^?1 cm^?2; another from 0.225 mM to 8.825 mM with a sensitivity of 152.29 µA mM^?1 cm^?2. The detection limit was estimated as 0.4 µM (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3). The hollow AuNPs/CNTs/SPAN/GCE also demonstrated excellent stability and selectivity against interferences from other electroactive species. The sensor was further applied to determine H₂O₂ in disinfectant real samples.     

A Non‐Enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on Ag/MnOOH Nanocomposites

A novel non‐enzymatic sensor based on Ag/MnOOH nanocomposites was developed for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The H₂O₂ sensor was fabricated by immobilizing Ag/MnOOH nanocomposites on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The morphology and composition of the sensor surface were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy. The electrochemical investigation of the sensor indicates that it possesses an excellent electrocatalytic property for H₂O₂, and could detect H₂O₂ in a linear range from 5.0 µM to 12.8 mM with a detection limit of 1.5 µM at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3, a response time of 2 s and a sensitivity of 32.57 µA mM^?1 cm^?2. Additionally, the sensor exhibits good anti‐interference. The good analytical performance, low cost and straightforward preparation method made this novel electrode material promising for the development of effective non‐enzymatic H₂O₂ sensor.     

Individual and Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) Applying Amino Functionalized Fe3O4@Carbon Microspheres Modified Electrode

Amino‐functionalized Fe₃O₄@carbon microspheres (NH₂?Fe₃O₄@C) were prepared and the electrochemical sensor was constructed using NH₂?Fe₃O₄@C modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) to determine toxic heavy metals in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the structure and phase of NH₂?Fe₃O₄@C. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate that NH₂?Fe₃O₄@C modified GCE possesses large active area and excellent electron transfer. Under optimized electrochemical condition, Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) were determined using NH₂?Fe₃O₄@C modified GCE. The electrode through amino functionalization exhibits higher sensitivity and lower detection limit toward Cd(II) and Cu(II) due to the acid‐base pairing interaction between the electron‐rich ?NH₂ ligand and the electron‐deficient heavy metal ions. Compared with other similar results reported in the literature, the NH₂?Fe₃O₄@C modified electrode exhibits wider linear response range while with comparable lower detection limit. It also exhibits excellent stability, reproducibility and anti‐interference ability.     

MOF‐Derived Spinel NiCo2O4 Hollow Nanocages for the Construction of Non‐enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor

Non‐enzymatic glucose sensor is greatly expected to take over its enzymatic counterpart in the future. In this paper, we reported on a facile strategy to construct a non‐enzymatic glucose sensor by use of NiCo₂O₄ hollow nanocages (NiCo₂O₄ HNCs) as catalyst, which was derived from Co‐based zeolite imidazole frame (ZIF‐67). The NiCo₂O₄ HNCs modified glassy carbon electrode (NiCo₂O₄ HNCs/GCE), the key component of the glucose sensor, showed highly electrochemical catalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose in alkaline media. As a result, the proposed non‐enzymatic glucose sensor afforded excellent analytical performances assessed with the aid of cyclic voltammetry and amperometry (i–t). A wide linear range spanning from 0.18 μΜ to 5.1 mM was achieved at the NiCo₂O₄ HNCs/GCE with a high sensitivity of 1306 μA mM^?1 cm^?2 and a fast response time of 1 s. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor was as low as 27 nM (S/N=3). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the non‐enzymatic glucose sensor showed considerable anti‐interference ability and excellent stability. The practical application of the sensor was also evaluated by determination of glucose levels in real serum samples.     

Immobilized Fullerene C60‐Enzyme‐Based Electrochemical Glucose Sensor

A mixed‐valence cluster of cobalt(II) hexacyanoferrate and fullerene C60‐enzyme‐based electrochemical glucose sensor was developed. A water insoluble fullerene C60‐glucose oxidase (C60‐GOD) was prepared and applied as an immobilized enzyme on a glassy carbon electrode with cobalt(II) hexacyanoferrate for analysis of glucose. The glucose in 0.1 M KCl/phosphate buffer solution at pH = 6 was measured with an applied electrode potential at 0.0 mV (vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode). The C60‐GOD‐based electrochemical glucose sensor exhibited efficient electro‐catalytic activity toward the liberated hydrogen peroxide and allowed cathodic detection of glucose. The C60‐GOD electrochemical glucose sensor also showed quite good selectivity to glucose with no interference from easily oxidizable biospecies, e.g. uric acid, ascorbic acid, cysteine, tyrosine, acetaminophen and galactose. The current of H₂O₂ reduced by cobalt(II) hexacyanoferrate was found to be proportional to the concentration of glucose in aqueous solutions. The immobilized C60‐GOD enzyme‐based glucose sensor exhibited a good linear response up to 8 mM glucose with a sensitivity of 5.60 × 10² nA/mM and a quite short response time of 5 sec. The C60‐GOD‐based glucose sensor also showed a good sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.6 × 10^‐6 M and a high reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.26%. Effects of pH and temperature on the responses of the immobilized C60‐GOD/cobalt(II) hexacyanoferrate‐based electrochemical glucose sensor were also studied and discussed.     

Fe3O4@SiO2‐PANI‐Au Nanocomposite Prepared for Electrochemical Determination of Quercetin in Food Samples and Biological Fluids

A new electrochemical sensor based on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂‐PANI‐Au nanocomposite was fabricated for modification of glassy carbon electrode (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂‐PANI‐Au GCE). The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂‐PANI‐Au nanocomposite was characterized by TEM, FESEM‐EDS‐Mapping, XRD, and TGA methods. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂‐PANI‐Au GC electrode exhibited an acceptable sensitivity, fast electrochemical response, and good selectivity for determination of quercetin. Under optimal conditions, the linear range for quercetin concentrations using this sensor was 1.0×10^?8 to 1.5×10^?5 mol L^?1, and the limit of detection was 3.8×10^?9 mol L^?1. The results illustrated that the offered sensor could be a possible alternative for the measurement of quercetin in food samples and biological fluids.     

Preparation of Co3O4/graphene Oxide Composites by a Depositing‐decompostion Method and its Application for Electrochemical Determination of Glucose

Co₃O₄/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a depositing‐decomposition method. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to evaluate the electrochemical response of a glass carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Co₃O₄/GO nanocomposite towards glucose. Compared with the Co₃O₄/GCE, the Co₃O₄/GO/GCE exihibits higher electrocatalytic activity due to the synergistic effects of electrocatalytic ability of Co₃O₄ and large surface of GO. The Co₃O₄/GO/GCE was applied for glucose detection in alkaline solution. The linear current response range of glucose on Co₃O₄/GO/GCE covered the range from 9 × 10^?5 to 6.03 × 10^?3 M, with a detection limit of 5.2 × 10^?7 M (S/N = 3).     

A New Amperometric Biosensor Based on HRP/Nano-Au/L-Cysteine/Poly（o-Aminobenzoic acid）-Membrane-Modified Platinum Electrode for the Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide

The third generation amperometric biosensor for the determination of hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） has been described. For the fabrication of biosensor, o-aminobenzoic acid （oABA） was first electropolymerized on the surface of platinum （Pt） electrode as an electrostatic repulsion layer to reject interferences. Horseradish peroxidase （HRP） absorbed by nano-scaled particulate gold （nano-Au） was immobilized on the electrode modified with polymerized o-aminobenzoic acid （poABA） with L-cysteine as a linker to prepare a biosensor for the detection of H2O2. Amperometric detection of H2O2 was realized at a potential of ＋20 mV versus SCE. The resulting biosensor exhibited fast response, excellent reproducibility and sensibility, expanded linear range and low interferences. Temperature and pH dependence and stability of the sensor were investigated. The optimal sensor gave a linear response in the range of 2.99×10^-6 to 3.55×10^-3 mol·L^-1 to H2O2 with a sensibility of 0.0177 A·L^-1·mol^-1 and a detection limit （S/N = 3） of 4.3×10^-7 mol·L^-1. The biosensor demonstrated a 95% response within less than 10 s.     

A Novel Cerium Tungstate Nanosheets Modified Electrode for the Effective Electrochemical Detection of Carcinogenic Nitrite Ions

In this present scenario, for the first time, we propose a facile and simple wet chemical approach for the fabrication of two‐dimensional (2D) cerium tungstate (CeW₂O₉;CeW) nanosheets and evaluated as an electrochemical sensor for the detection of nitrite ions. The successful formation of CeW₂O₉ nanosheets was confirmed by various physicochemical techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, Scanning electron microscope, Transmission electron microscope and Energy dispersive X‐ray studies. The electrochemical properties of the CeW nanosheets were studied by using cyclic voltammograms (CV) and chronoamperometric techniques. As an electrochemical sensor, the CeW nanosheets modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed superior electrocatalytic activity in the oxidation of nitrite in terms of higher anodic peak current and lower oxidation potential when compared with unmodified GCE. CeW nanosheets based electrochemical sensor has been fabricated which detect nitrite in wide linear response range, good sensitivity and very low detection limit of 0.02–986 μM, 2.85 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻² and 8 nM, respectively. Moreover, the CeW nanosheets modified GCE exhibited excellent selectivity even in the presence of common metal ions and biologically co‐interfering compounds. For the practical viability of the prepared amperometric sensor has been utilized in various water samples such as tap, lake and drinking water and the obtained recoveries are appreciable.     

Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Co(II) and Cu(II) by 1‐Diazo‐2‐Naphthol‐4‐Sulfonic Acid/MWCNTs Modified Electrode

This work describes a simple preparation of 1‐diazo‐2‐naphthol‐4‐sulfonic acid (1,2,4‐acid) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the simultaneous detection of Co(II) and Cu(II). MWCNTs, with their good conductivity and large surface area, were drop‐casted onto the surface of the GCE prior to the electrodeposition of 1,2,4‐acid, a metal chelating agent. Co(II) and Cu(II) were simultaneously measured by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in a batch system. Under optimum conditions, the linear range of Co(II) was between 0.10 and 2.5 μg mL⁻¹ with an LOD of 80 ng mL⁻¹. Two linear ranges were obtained for Cu(II), 0.0050 to 0.030 μg mL⁻¹ and 0.040 to 0.25 μg mL⁻¹,with an LOD of 2.4 ng mL⁻¹. The method offered a high operational stability for up to 52 measurements (RSD=3.4 % for Co(II) and 2.6 % for Cu(II)) and good reproducibility (RSD=1.2 % for Co(II) and 1.7 % for Cu(II)). In the simultaneous detection of Co(II) and Cu(II), there was no effect from common interferences found in wastewater. The method was successfully applied in real water samples with good recoveries (88.2±0.8 to 102.0±0.8 % for Co(II) and 96.5±0.4 to 103.8±0.9 % for Cu(II)) and the results were in good agreement with those obtained from inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) (P >0.05).     

Amperometric determination of sulfide ion by glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes and copper (II) phenanthroline complex

Electrocatalytic oxidation of sulfide ion on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and a copper (II) complex was investigated. The Cu(II) complex was used due to the reversibility of the Cu(II)/Cu(III) redox couple. The MWCNTs are evaluated as a transducer, stabilizer and immobilization matrix for the construction of amperometric sensor based on Cu(II) complex adsorbed on MWCNTs immobilized on the surface of GCE. The modified GCE was applied to the selective amperometric detection of sulfide at a potential of 0.47 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at pH 8.0. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 5 µM–400 µM; while the limit of detection was 1.2 µM, the sensitivity was 34 nA µM^?1. The interference effects of SO₃ ^2?, SO₄ ^2?, S₂O₃ ^2?, S₄O₆ ^2?, Cysteine, and Cystein were negligible at the concentration ratios more than 40 times. The modified electrode is more stable with time and more easily restorable than unmodified electrode surface. Also, modified electrode permits detection of sulfide ion by its oxidation at lower anodic potentials.      

Enzyme‐free Cu2O@MnO2/GCE for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing

A novel composite material of copper (I) oxide at manganese (IV) oxide (Cu₂O@MnO₂), was synthesized and applied for modification on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface (Cu₂O@MnO₂/GCE) as a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensor. The composite material was characterized regarding its structural and morphological properties, using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Cu₂O@MnO₂/GCE showed an excellent electrocatalytic response to the oxidation of H₂O₂ which provided a 0.56 s^?1 charge transfer rate constant (K_s), 1.65×10^?5 cm² s^?1 diffusion coefficient value (D), 0.12 mm² electroactive surface area (A_e) and 1.04×10^?8 mol cm^?2 surface concentration ( ). At the optimal condition, the constructed sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 0.5 μM to 20 mM with a low limit of detection (63 nM, (S/N=3) and a good sensitivity of 256.33 μA mM^?1 cm^?2. It also presented high stability (ΔI_response±15 %, n=100), repeatability (1.25 %RSD, n=10) and reproducibility (3.55 %RSD, n=10). The results indicated that the synthesized Cu₂O@MnO₂ was successfully used as a new platform for H₂O₂ sensing.     

Synthesis of Ferrocene Based Naphthoquinones and its Application as Novel Non‐enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide

At present, a highly sensitive hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensor is fabricated by ferrocene based naphthaquinone derivatives as 2,3‐Diferrocenyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and 2‐bromo‐3‐ferrocenyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone. These ferrocene based naphthaquinone derivatives are characterized by H‐NMR and C‐NMR. The electrochemical properties of these ferrocene based naphthaquinone are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The modified electrode with ferrocene based naphthaquinone derivatives exhibits an improved voltammetric response to the H₂O₂ redox reaction. 2‐bromo‐3‐ferrocenyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone show excellent non‐enzymatic sensing ability towards H₂O₂ response with a detection limitation of 2.7 μmol/L a wide detection range from 10 μM to 400 μM in H₂O₂ detection. The sensor also exhibits short response time (1 s) and good sensitivity of 71.4 μA mM^?1 cm^?2 and stability. Furthermore, the DPV method exhibited very high sensitivity (18999 μA mM^?1 cm^?2) and low detection limit (0.66 μM) compared to the CA method. Ferrocene based naphthaquinone derivative based sensors have a lower cost and high stability. Thus, this novel non‐enzyme sensor has potential application in H₂O₂ detection.     

Magnetite Nanorods Stabilized by Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Sensing Platform for Selective and Sensitive Non‐enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Detection

In this study, magnetite nanorods stabilized on polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide (Fe₃O₄@PANI/rGO) was synthesized via a wet‐reflux strategy. The possible formation of Fe₃O₄@PANI/rGO was morphologically and structurally verified by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the thermal stability of Fe₃O₄@PANI/rGO was measured by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA); the composite had good thermal stability owing to the ceramic nature of Fe₃O₄. The Fe₃O₄@PANI/rGO has been applied as a potential sensing platform for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). By the combined efforts of extended active surface area, active carbon support, more catalytic active sites and high electrical conductivity, the Fe₃O₄@PANI/rGO exhibited an improved performance toward the non‐enzymatic detection of H₂O₂ in 0.5 M KOH with a fast response time (5 s), high sensitivity (223.7 μA mM^?1 cm^?2), low limit of detection (4.45 μM) and wide linear range (100 μM–1.5 mM). Furthermore, the fabricated sensor exhibited excellent recovery rates (94.2–104.0 %) during real sample analysis.     

Exploiting Two‐Dimensional Bi2O2Se for Trace Oxygen Detection

We exploit a high‐performing resistive‐type trace oxygen sensor based on 2D high‐mobility semiconducting Bi₂O₂Se nanoplates. Scanning tunneling microscopy combined with first‐principle calculations confirms an amorphous Se atomic layer formed on the surface of 2D Bi₂O₂Se exposed to oxygen, which contributes to larger specific surface area and abundant active adsorption sites. Such 2D Bi₂O₂Se oxygen sensors have remarkable oxygen‐adsorption induced variations of carrier density/mobility, and exhibit an ultrahigh sensitivity featuring minimum detection limit of 0.25 ppm, long‐term stability, high durativity, and wide‐range response to concentration up to 400 ppm at room temperature. 2D Bi₂O₂Se arrayed sensors integrated in parallel form are found to possess an oxygen detection minimum of sub‐0.25 ppm ascribed to an enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratio. These advanced sensor characteristics involving ease integration show 2D Bi₂O₂Se is an ideal candidate for trace oxygen detection.     

A Sensitive and Renewable Chlortoluron Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor Based on the Gate‐Controlled Catalytic Electrooxidation of H2O2 on Magnetic Nano‐NiO

A new sensor was fabricated by MIP synthesized on the surface of magnetic nickel(II) oxide (NiO) nanoparticles which based on the oxidation current change of H₂O₂. Chlortoluron was selected as template which can be detected indirectly by the decrease of the H₂O₂ oxidation current on the NiO nanoparticle‐modified GCE caused by the blocking access after rebinding. A high sensitivity was obtained because of the high catalytic effect of NiO nanoparticles on H₂O₂ oxidation. Chlortoluron was determined from 1.0×10^?8/L to 1.0×10^?4 mol/L, with a detection limit of 2.4×10^?9 mol/L. The proposed method combines the high sensitivity of the catalytic effect and the high selectivity of the MIP technique. Water samples were assayed using the MIP sensor, and recoveries of 96.9 % to 104.7 % were obtained.     

Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotubes/β‐Ni(OH)2 Nanocomposites

Ni(OH)₂ nanoflowers were synthesized by a simple and energy‐efficient wet chemistry method. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). Then Ni(OH)₂ nanoflowers attached multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) were proposed (MWCNTs/Ni(OH)₂/GCE) to use as electrochemical sensor to detect hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the synergistic effect was obtained on the MWCNTs/Ni(OH)₂/GCE whose sensitivity was better than that of Ni(OH)₂/GCE. The linear range is from 0.2 to 22 mmol/L, the detection limit is 0.066 mmol/L, and the response time is <5 s. Satisfyingly, the MWCNTs/Ni(OH)₂/GCE was not only successfully employed to eliminate the interferences from uric acid (UA), acid ascorbic (AA), dopamine (DA), glucose (GO) but also NO₂^? during the detection. The MWCNTs/Ni(OH)₂/GCE allows highly sensitive, excellently selective and fast amperometric sensing of hydrogen peroxide and thus is promising for the future development of hydrogen peroxide sensors.     

MWCNTs/Ionic Liquid/Graphene Quantum Dots Nanocomposite Coated with Nickel‐Cobalt Bimetallic Catalyst as a Highly Selective Non‐enzymatic Sensor for Determination of Glucose

In this work, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid/graphene quantum dots (MWCNTs/IL/GQDs) nanocomposite. Then, the nanocomposite was decorated with nickel‐cobalt nanoparticles (Ni?Co NPs), and it was used as a non‐enzymatic glucose sensor. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were employed to prove the electrodeposition of the Ni?Co NPs on the surface of MWCNTs/IL/GQDs/GCE. Also, cyclic voltammetric and amperometric methods were utilized for the investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of the Ni?Co NPs/MWCNTs/IL/GQDs/GCE for glucose oxidation. The novel amperometric sensor displayed two linear ranges from 1.0 to 190.0 μmol L^?1 and 190.0 to 4910 μmol L^?1 with a low detection limit of 0.3 μmol L^?1 as well as fast response time (2 s) and high stability. Also, the sensor showed good selectivity for glucose determination in the presence of ascorbic acid, citric acid, dopamine, uric acid, fructose, and sucrose, as potential interference species. Finally, the performance of the proposed sensor was investigated for the glucose determination in real samples. Ni?Co NPs/MWCNTs/IL/GQDs/GCE showed good sensitivity and excellent selectivity.