Cr∶LiNbO_3及Cr,Fe∶LiNbO_3晶体热释电系数提高的研究

生长了掺杂量分别为0.2mol%、0.5mol%的掺铬同成分配比铌酸锂晶体和掺铬0.2mol%、铁0.04mol%的双掺同成分配比铌酸锂晶体。利用动态电流法测试了它们的热释电系数。在同样的测试条件下,与未掺杂的同成分铌酸锂晶体相比较,掺铬铌酸锂(Cr∶LiNbO3)晶体和铬、铁双掺铌酸锂(Cr,Fe∶LiNbO3)晶体的热释电系数明显提高。同时对掺杂提高晶体热释电系数的机理进行了探讨。     

适温离子交换掺铒铌酸锂薄膜的制备研究

本文通过制备KNO₃和Er(NO₃)₃熔融混合物,将其与铌酸锂薄膜在高温管式炉中混合进行适温热扩散,并结合退火工艺,发明了一种直接在铌酸锂薄膜上掺杂Er³⁺的方法。通过不断变换热扩散温度、掺杂试剂浓度比例和晶体切向等参数,用控制变量法探究了不同参数对适温离子交换法掺杂Er³⁺效果的影响,在热扩散和退火温度360℃及KNO₃和Er(NO₃)₃质量比25∶1的参数设置下获得了表面形貌较佳的Z切掺铒铌酸锂薄膜。通过飞行时间二次离子质谱仪并利用已知掺杂浓度的薄膜进行定标,检测了所获得的掺铒铌酸锂薄膜中的Er³⁺浓度情况,对所采用适温离子交换法的有效性进行了验证。这一方法大幅简化了铌酸锂薄膜掺杂的工艺,同时节约了成本,有助于后续在铌酸锂薄膜平台上实现分区掺杂的工作,为未来定制化铌酸锂光子集成平台的搭建提供参考。     

铌酸钾锂铁电薄膜的脉冲激光沉积与光学性能

以K2CO3、Li2CO3和Nb2O5为原料,采用固相反应法制备了铌酸钾锂陶瓷;以此为靶材,采用脉冲激光沉积技术在石英玻璃上沉积了铌酸钾锂薄膜,系统研究了沉积温度对铌酸钾锂薄膜组成与结构的影响.利用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱等测试手段对薄膜的结构进行表征,通过紫外一可见光分光光度计测试薄膜的光学透过率.结果表明:所制备的铌酸钾锂靶材结构致密;在衬底温度为700℃、氧分压10 Pa的条件下可以制备纯的铌酸钾锂薄膜,所得到的多晶薄膜呈(310)取向;光学性能测试显示所制备的铌酸钾锂薄膜在可见光范围内的光学透过率为90;左右.     

高掺镁铌酸锂晶体OH-吸收光谱的低温研究

本文测量了纯铌酸锂和高掺镁铌酸锂晶体的低温红外光谱,观察了OH-吸收峰的温度依赖特性.研究发现纯铌酸锂的OH-振动吸收峰基本不随温度而变化,而高掺镁铌酸锂晶体的OH-振动吸收峰的主峰峰位随温度的降低向高波数方向移动.通过分析两种晶体中不同的缺陷模型以及H+在晶格中的占位,我们提出高掺镁铌酸锂晶体中的H+紧邻高电性杂质缺陷(MgNb)3-分布,直接参与缺陷集团,完全不同于纯铌酸锂晶体中H+的分布情形,这造成了高掺镁铌酸锂晶体中OH-振动吸收峰随温度的变化.而集团内部缺陷之间相互作用随温度降低而增强的趋势是OH-振动吸收峰右移的主要原因.     

8英寸铌酸锂晶体生长研究

铌酸锂单晶薄膜(LNOI)在新一代信息技术中关键通信器件领域的作用日益显著,随着铌酸锂单晶薄膜制备技术和光子集成技术的发展,降低芯片成本、增加芯片集成度是光子集成芯片永恒不变的发展方向,因此迫切需求大尺寸铌酸锂晶体。本文讨论了大尺寸坩埚中熔体自然对流随着液面下降的变化规律,研究了8英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)铌酸锂Z轴、X轴两个提拉方向的生长特点,获得等径尺寸大于φ210 mm×50 mm的8英寸Z轴、X轴铌酸锂晶体。1 mm厚X轴铌酸锂晶圆的透过率显示波长380～3 300 nm光谱的透过率超过了70%,晶片纹影图像显示晶体中存在折射率脉理缺陷。     

铌酸锂单晶薄膜材料

铌酸锂晶体集电光、声光和非线性光学等物理特性于一身,且透光范围宽,作为一种重要的光学材料被广泛应用于通信、传感等领域。通过离子注入与直接键合的方式制备出的铌酸锂单晶薄膜材料,保留了铌酸锂体材料的优秀物理特性,并且具有高折射率对比度的优点,使光子器件在集成度和性能上都得到了很大程度的提升。本文介绍了铌酸锂薄膜的制备及应用,展示了直径6英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)的铌酸锂单晶薄膜。将硅单晶薄膜覆盖在铌酸锂单晶薄膜上面,形成一种新型的复合薄膜材料,结合了铌酸锂出色的光学性能和硅出色的电学性能,本文报道了直径3英寸的复合薄膜材料,X射线证明硅薄膜是单晶结构,这种复合薄膜在未来的集成光电芯片中具有应用潜力。     

铌酸锂导电畴壁及其应用

铌酸锂(LiNbO₃,LN)是一种多功能的单轴铁电材料,广泛应用于光学调制器、光学频率梳、光波导等领域。导电畴壁(DW)作为镶嵌在绝缘材料中纳米尺度的导电通道,在非易失性存储器、逻辑门、晶体管等领域展现出重要的应用前景,促进了铌酸锂在纳米光电子学领域的应用。绝缘体上铌酸锂薄膜(LNOI)畴壁p-n结的实现有望进一步促进铌酸锂基光电一体化芯片的发展进程。本文简要回顾了铌酸锂导电畴壁的研究进展,介绍了畴壁的制备、导电机制、导电类型和畴壁的应用,重点介绍了铌酸锂畴壁p-n结的研究,进一步结合应用热点概述了铌酸锂畴壁光电子器件开发进程中的关键问题、机遇和挑战。     

铌酸锂晶体的光折变效应

铌酸锂(LiNbO₃, LN)是一种多功能多用途的人工晶体,被称为“光学硅”。近期以铌酸锂薄膜(LNOI)为平台的集成光子学发展迅速,有将“光学硅”变为现实的趋势。高集成意味着高局域高光强密度,使铌酸锂晶体的光折变效应变得不容忽视。光折变效应是光致折射率变化的简称,是非线性光学的重要组成部分。本文回顾了铌酸锂晶体光折变效应的发现和机理、不同掺杂及掺杂组合对光折变效应的调控,重点介绍了铋镁双掺铌酸锂晶体的光折变性能及相关理论和实验结果,概述了铌酸锂光折变波导和孤子,及基于LNOI的集成光子学器件中的光折变效应,并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。期待我国发挥铌酸锂光折变研究及LNOI产业化的优势,在光子学芯片的竞争中占据主导地位。     

掺氮铌酸锂薄膜的制备及基本物性研究

采用激光脉冲沉积与射频等离子体相结合的方法(PLD-RF),在蓝宝石衬底上一步沉积了掺氮铌酸锂(LiNbO3:N)薄膜.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和紫外-可见-红外光谱仪(UV-Vis-NIR)对LiNbO3:N的晶格结构、掺杂含量及价态、光学性质进行了研究.结果表明铌酸锂薄膜沿(006)方向择优生长,其中氮的原子含量为2.04;,替代氧原子的位置,N的掺入有效的窄化了LiNbO3的带隙,使其紫外-可见吸收光谱的吸收边出现红移,并且在铌酸锂禁带中引入了杂质能级(Ev),能级深度为2.7 eV.     

近化学计量比掺镁铌酸锂晶体的抗光折变性能

应用气相传输平衡技术,我们获得了3种近化学计量比掺镁铌酸锂晶体,晶体的掺镁量接近我们以前提出的第二阈值.在我们实验室所能达到的最大光强26 MW/cm2照射下,在所有近化学计量比掺镁铌酸锂晶片中没有观察到光斑畸变,该光强比同成分铌酸锂晶体所能承受的光强高6个量级,为目前已报道的铌酸锂晶体之最.应用双光束全息写入法测得掺1.0 mol; Mg近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体的光折变饱和值仅有4.6×10-7,比同成分铌酸锂晶体小两个量级,从已有实验数据推测,该晶体的抗光折变能力应当比同成分铌酸锂晶体高9个量级以上.     

On the inhomogeneity of the transition surface layer of the solid core of the earth

Different geophysical data and conclusions of theoretical models, which can give information about the behavior of the solid and liquid cores of the Earth as well as about the existence of a transition layer as a temperature-hysteresis region at a relatively weak first-order phase transition, are compared. It is concluded that liquid inclusions inevitably exist in this region; these inclusions are involved (due to the complex convective processes occurring in the liquid core) in the transport of light materials from some areas of the solid-core surface. The porosity and permeability of the transition layer determine the seismic acoustic inhomogeneities in these areas, which contact the convective flows in the liquid core. In particular, this explains the well-known ??east-west?? effect. Obviously, the model of the crystalline core is not the only possible alternative for a model of a core with a metallic glasslike structure.     

On the role of the porous shell of the solid core of the earth in the anomalous heat and mass flow to the mantle

The model of the pressure-induced first-order phase transition of a metal melt to the metallicglass state considers a thermodynamically nonequilibrium porous near-surface shell of the solid core of the Earth, which contacts cyclonic vortices in the liquid core. Anomalous flows of heat and light-material mass to the mantle from the solid core at these contact points are calculated. These anomalous flows are shown to be comparable with the observed ones under the assumption of a rapid increase in the melt viscosity at pressures of 1–10 Mbar, which is characteristic of a solid core. In this case, the porous layer permeability may be very low.     

Influence of the Crystal Structure of the Nucleus on the Morphology of t-ZnO Tetrapods

Crystallography Reports - A new approach to simulating the morphology of hierarchical nanocrystals has been proposed on the example of ZnO nanotetrapods. Within this approach, twinning is...     

Features of the magnetic state of the layered Fe-V nanostructure of the superconductor-ferromagnet type

The magnetic state of the V(39 nm)/20 [V(3 nm)/Fe(3 nm)] nanostructure has been investigated by polarized neutron reflectometry in the temperature range from 1.6 to 30 K in magnetic fields from 0.2 to 15 kOe. The data obtained indicate that the superconductivity of vanadium layers may affect magnetic ordering both over the depth of the structure and in its plane.     

Study of the influence of the rare-earth elements on the properties of lead iodide

Lead iodide (PbI₂) shows excellent electronic properties for detection of ionizing radiation. We report the introduction of rare-earth elements and other elements as admixtures during synthesis to study their influence on the quality of single crystals. Synthesized material as well as single crystals have been characterized by measurements of electrical resistivity and low-temperature photo luminescence and index of refraction. The structural quality with respect to polytypes was analysed by electron back scatter diffraction. Makyoh topography was applied for surface studies.     

Effect of the temperature on the TMOS sono-hydrolysis and a study of the structure of the resulting aged sonogels

The effect of temperature on the oxalic acid catalyzed sono-hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) was studied by means of a heat flux calorimetric method. The activation energy of the process was measured as (24.5 ± 0.8) kJ/mol in the temperature range between 10 and 50 °C. The structural characteristics of the resulting sonogels, after long period of aging in saturated conditions, were studied by means of small angle X-ray scattering. The structure can be described as formed by ∼2.7 nm mean size mass fractal-like aggregates (clusters) of primary silica particles of ∼0.3 nm mean size, all imbibed in a liquid phase. The average mass fractal dimension of the clusters was found to be 2.58. The primary particle density was estimated as 2.23 g/cm³, in good agreement with the value frequently quoted for fused silica. The volume fraction of the clusters in the saturated sonogels was estimated as about 28%. The moment in which the meniscus of the liquid phase penetrates into the clusters under rapid evaporation process has been detected by an inflection in the first derivative of the curve of weight loss in a simple thermogravimetric test.     

A new example for the applicability of the relationship between the particle size and the kinetic of the crystal growth

Experiments have been made with PbCrO₄ precipitating system in a batch type tank. In the experiments the speeds of stirring and the residence times were changed. The particle size distribution of precipitates formed has been determined. The rate determining mechanism of the crystal growth were evaluated by two different methods (NIELSEN method and method elaborated in our institute). The two methods used have indicated the same informations about the rate determining processes. It also has been stated that the coagulation does not disturb the selection of the suitable growing mechanism.     

Ordering of cations in the voids of the anionic framework of the crystal structure of catapleiite

The pseudohexagonal crystal structure of the mineral catapleiite Na_1.5Ca_0.2[ZrSi₃(O,OH)₉] · 2(H₂O,F) from the Zhil’naya Valley in the central part of the Khibiny alkaline massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia) is studied by X-ray diffraction (XCalibur-S diffractometer, R = 0.0346): a = 20.100(4), b = 25.673(5), and c = 14.822(3) Å; space group Fdd2, Z = 32, and ρ_calcd = 2.76 g/cm³. Fluorine atoms substituting part of H₂O molecules in open channels of the crystal structure have been found for the first time in the catapleiite composition by microprobe analysis. The pattern of distribution of Na and Ca atoms over the voids of the mixed anionic framework consisting of Zr-octahedra and three-membered rings of Si-tetrahedra accounts for the pronounced pseudoperiodicity along the a and c axes of the pseudohexagonal unit cell and for the lowering of crystal symmetry to the orthorhombic one. It is shown that part of the hydrogen atoms of water molecules is statistically disordered; their distribution correlates with the pattern of the population of large eight-vertex polyhedra by Na and Ca atoms.