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1.
报道了一种基于硅光电信增管(SiPM)的时间相关多光子计数(TCMPC)技术并将其应用于时间分辨拉曼散射测量。相比于常规基于光电倍增管(PMT)或单光子雪崩二极管(SPAD)的时间相关单光子(TCSPC)技术,由于SiPM可以分辨信号脉冲的具体光子数,基于SiPM的TCMPC技术消除了信号脉冲包含的光子数必须小于等于1的限制,光子计数效率提高了10倍以上,大大节省了测量时间。此外,多光子测量比单光子测量能够得到更好的时间分辨率,时间分辨拉曼散射系统的仪器响应函数(IRF)从单光子81.4 ps缩短至双光子59.7 ps,因而可以用更窄的时间门限抑制荧光本底等噪声对拉曼散射测量的影响。使用TCMPC技术测量CCl4在0.5和1.5 p.e.两个不同光子数阈值的拉曼峰的峰本比,后者较高的光子数阈值能进一步降低SiPM暗计数噪声的影响,增加了拉曼信号测量的信噪比,测量得到的CCl4 459 cm-1拉曼峰的峰本比是前者的6.4倍。将所述新的拉曼散射测量技术与基于PMT和锁相放大器(LIA)的传统拉曼散射测量技术进行了比较研究,前者由于可以使用仅有数十皮秒的测量门限,可以有效抑制荧光、环境杂散光和SiPM暗计数等噪声的影响,所得光谱具有更好的峰本比,测得CCl4的459 cm-1拉曼峰和Si的一阶拉曼峰的峰本比分别是后者的3.9倍和5.5倍。 相似文献
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Alan G. Ryder Thomas J. Glynn Milosz Przyjalgowski Boguslaw Szczupak 《Journal of fluorescence》2002,12(2):177-180
We have constructed a time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) microscope system using a pulsed violet-laser diode for measuring fluorescence lifetimes below 1 ns. These compact; cool, and fast-pulsed laser diodes are much more suitable for lifetime measurements than the traditional mode-locked lasers used in the past. The laser source (LDH-400, PicoQuant GmbH) is mounted on an optical table above the microscope, and the laser beam is directed into an Olympus BX-60 microscope by means of a dichroic beamsplitter set at 45 degrees. The system operates in backscattering mode with the fluorescence emission passing back through the dichroic beamsplitter and focused into a 100 mm focal length monochromator with a PMT detector. This prototype instrument is compact (80 × 70 × 70 cm) and is nearly fully computer controlled by means of a SPC-730 (Becker & Hickl) PC card. We include preliminary results showing the instrument response function (IRF) of the system, and some of the factors have been adjusted to minimize the temporal width of the IRF. The instrument has been validated using a series of standard fluorophores at different emission wavelengths. 相似文献
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纠缠光子法绝对定标光电探测器量子效率的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了应对国际上“坎德拉”新定义的动向,开展了利用纠缠光子法测量光电探测器量子效率的研究,并建立了测量装置。装置采用351.1 nm连续激光抽运BBO晶体产生纠缠光子场,然后通过双通道门控计数器组成的符合测量系统在702.2 nm和788.7 nm两个波长点对光电倍增管的量子效率进行了测量。同时对单光子脉冲信号获取、噪声抑制及提取、符合时间特性、偶然符合、暗背景计数和器件透过率等影响测量结果的关键因素进行了实验分析并给出了修正分量,最终在两个波长点量子效率测量不确定度小于0.7%。 相似文献
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This paper investigates theoretically the electronic structure and
transport of a two-level quantum dot irradiated under a strong laser
field at low temperatures. Using the method of Keldysh equation of
motion for nonequilibrium Green functions, it examines the
time-averaged density of states and conductance for the system with
photon polarization parallel with and perpendicular to the tunnelling
current direction respectively. It is demonstrated that, by analysing
some numerical examples, more photon sidebands resonance states and
multi- and single-photon transitions are found when diagonal matrix
elements dominate the interaction, while the electronic transitions
due to multiphoton absorption are more or less suppressed when
off-diagonal interaction dominates. 相似文献
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The KM2A(one kilometer square extensive air shower array) is the largest detector array in the LHAASO(Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) project. The KM2 A consists of 5242 EDs(Electromagnetic particle Detectors) and 1221 MDs(Muon Detectors). The EDs are distributed and exposed in the wild. Two channels, anode and dynode, are employed for the PMT(photomultiplier tube) signal readout. The readout electronics designed in this paper aims at accurate charge and arrival time measurement of the PMT signals, which cover a large amplitude range from 20 P.E.(photoelectrons) to 2×10~5 P.E. By using a "trigger-less" architecture, we digitize signals close to the PMTs. All digitized data is transmitted to DAQ(Data Acquisition) via a simplified White Rabbit protocol.Compared with traditional high energy experiments, high precision of time measurement over such a large area and suppression of temperature effects in the wild become the key techniques. Experiments show that the design has fulfilled the requirements in this project. 相似文献
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We report a new approach to intense-field photoionization that is based on the ad hoc assumption that m photons of energy
arriving within a typical electronic response time are effectively equivalent to a single photon of energy
. The heuristic model contains no adjustable parameters and unifies apparent multiphoton and field aspects. Moreover, nonsequential, suppressed and above-threshold ionization phenomena become readily understandable. Predicted ionization intensities are in satisfactory agreement with available experimental data ranging from C6H6 to Ne3 + , from femtosecond to nanosecond laser pulses, and from ultraviolet to infrared laser radiation.Received: 20 January 2004, Published online: 17 August 2004PACS:
32.80.Rm Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states) - 32.80.Wr Other multiphoton processes - 42.50.Hz Strong-field excitation of optical transitions in quantum systems; multiphoton processes; dynamic Stark shift 相似文献
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Spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) is widely used to generate entangled photon pairs; however, multi-pair emissions degrade the quality of the entanglement. We numerically evaluate polarization-entangled photon pairs created by SPDC. The effects of multi-pair emission events on the visibility of two-photon interference and on the fidelity (the probability overlap for ideal and real states) are analyzed using single-photon detectors that can count the number of incoming photons and discard multiphoton events. Compared with conventional threshold single-photon detectors, photon-number resolving single-photon detectors have higher fidelity for the same or lower visibility. 相似文献
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光子计数成像技术及其应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
介绍光子计数实时图像采集实验系统,其中的高亮度增益的光子成像头通过超强光力中继透与高帧频电荷耦合器摄像机耦合;分析和介绍了单光子成像模式下系统工作的受限条件和多光子工作模式下系统的主要综合性能指标-读出噪声的测定方法。文中给出在自适应光学弱光波前传感中的应用,光子噪声分布规律以及光的波粒二象性实验验证等例子。 相似文献
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We investigated photon emissions of various bio-samples which were induced by ultrasonic stimulation. It has been reported that ultrasonic stimulations induced the thermal excitation of the bio-tissues. After ultrasonic stimulation, any measurement of photon radiation in the visible spectral range has not been carried out yet. The instruments consisted of electronic devices for an ultrasonic generator of the frequency 3 MHz and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) system counting photons from bio-tissues. The transplanted tumor tissues of mice were prepared for the experiments and their liver and spleen tissues were also used for the controls. It was found that the continuous ultrasonic stimulations with the electrical power 2300 mW induced ultraweak photon emissions from the tumor tissues. The number of induced photon was dependent of the type of the tissues and the stimulation time intervals. The level of photon emission was increased from the mouse tumor exposed to the ultrasonic stimulations, and the changes were discriminated from those of the spleens and livers. 相似文献
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基于单光子脉冲时间随机性的光量子随机源 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了一种基于单光子脉冲时间随机性的光量子随机源。利用衰减成单光子态的光强恒定光源和一个单光子探测器产生单光子随机脉冲,通过连续比较单光子随机脉冲序列中相邻两个脉冲的时间间隔来提取随机位。通过设计高速响应的微通道板单光子探测器和基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的随机位提取电路,获得了超过10Mbit/s的随机位产生速率。通过采用恒比定时和对计数时钟倍频的方法提高时间间隔的测量精度,从而减小随机位序列的相关系数。当光量子随机源的随机位产生速率在10kbit/s以下时,所获得的二进制随机位序列的相关系数小于0.001。运用随机性测试程序ENT和DIEHARD对所获的随机位序列进行测试,测试结果表明序列的随机性非常好且不需要后续处理,完全满足真随机数的标准。 相似文献
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采用两路光子时间到达点构建光纤式光子计数伪随机码深度获取系统.为了研究降低深度误差的方法,以高斯函数为激光回波脉冲,计算瞬时概率密度函数,引入"时间行走"效应数学模型,推导深度误差克拉美罗下限.随着激光回波能量的增大,深度误差先降低再增大,并且码长越长,深度误差越小.采用理论推导的累积分布函数,生成光子时间到达点,蒙特卡洛仿真伪随机序列光子探测过程,结果大于理论数值模拟,符合克拉美罗下界原理.17组标定实验表明:由于目标表面特性的不同而导致探测到激光回波中光子数的浮动,该浮动引发光子"时间行走"效应,并带来伪随机码深度获取系统的互相关函数的整体偏移.采用数值拟合方程拟合不同光子计数比例值下的深度误差,测量得到的光子计数比例值,代入拟合的矫正方程,矫正后的深度均方误差下降至1cm. 相似文献
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Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) based on time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a widely used method for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Here we report a feasible add-on approach to upgrade a commercial two-photon FLIM microscope into a single-photon FLIM microscope which provides optimal FLIM-FRET imaging of FRET pairs consisting of cyan fluorescent proteins (CFPs) as the donor and yellow fluorescent proteins (YFPs) as the acceptor. The capability of the upgraded system is evaluated and discussed, and the imaging performance of the system is demonstrated using FLIM-FRET experiments with a representative CFP-YFP FRET pair (mCerulean-mCitrine). 相似文献
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介绍了单光子计数型CCD的工作原理。实验选择参数准确的X射线放射源前向辐照CCD的像元面,计数由此产生;通过积分获得X射线的强度分布,在CCD处于单光子计数状态下,扣除本底信号,得到该型CCD产生一个计数所需的光子能量,约6.453 eV。标定了该型CCD的探测效率。结果表明:在单光子计数型CCD的有效能区内,对于不同能量的入射光子,其探测效率不同,在5.3 keV处获得最高探测效率66%;随着能量的增大,探测效率降低。标定结果可为激光等离子体研究中定量测量X射线光谱提供实验参考。 相似文献
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In this paper, we propose a single-photon router via the use of a four-level atom system coupled with two one-dimensional coupled-resonator waveguides. A single photon can be directed from one quantum channel into another by atomic spontaneous emission. The coherent resonance and the photonic bound states lead to the perfect reflection appearing in the incident channel. The fidelity of the atom is related to the magnitude of the coupling strength and can reach unit when the coupling strength matches g a = g b . This shows that the transfer of a single photon into another quantum channel has no influence on the fidelity at special points. 相似文献
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M. E. Drobyshevski 《Technical Physics》2010,55(4):576-579
The properties of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been investigated experimentally. The flux of cosmic rays has been used as a source of signals detected directly by a PMT (without a scintillator). The number of detected events versus the size of the PMT’s transparent front window has been studied. To this end, modified FEU-167 multipliers (FEU-167M) have been fabricated in which all parameters have been kept unchanged except for the size of the front window, which has been decreased. It has been found that the number of detected signals is roughly proportional to the surface area of the window. Hence, a signal induced by background cosmic rays arises in the glass of the PMT’s front screen. This circumstance should be taken into consideration when operating with different PMTs. 相似文献