Generation of higher-order polynomial basis of Nédélec H(curl) finite elements for Maxwell’s equations

The goal of this study is the automatic construction of a vectorial polynomial basis for Nédélec mixed finite elements, J.C. Nédélec (1980), in particular, the generation of finite elements without the expression of the polynomial basis functions, using symbolic calculus: the exhibition of basis functions has no practical interest.     

Remarks around 50 lines of Matlab: short finite element implementation

A short Matlab implementation for P ₁-x ₁ finite elements on triangles and parallelograms is provided for the numerical solution of elliptic problems with mixed boundary conditions on unstructured grids. According to the shortness of the program and the given documentation, any adaptation from simple model examples to more complex problems can easily be performed. Numerical examples prove the flexibility of the Matlab tool. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The geometry of rational parameterized representations

We study the projective space of univariate rational parameterized equations of degree d or less in real projective space The parameterized equations of degree less than d form a special algebraic variety We investigate the subspaces on and their relation to rational curves in give a geometric characterization of the automorphism group of and outline applications of the theory to projective kinematics.     

Banach's Fixed-Point Theorem as a base for data-type equations

For a categoryK of data types, solutions of recursive data-type equationsX T(X), whereT is an endofunctor ofK, can be constructed by iteratingT on the unique arrowT1 1. This is well-known forK enriched over complete posets and forT locally continuous (an application of the Kleene Fixed-Point Theorem). We prove this forK enriched over complete metric spaces and forT contracting (an application of the Banach Fixed-Point Theorem). Moreover, we prove that each such recursive equation has a unique solution. Our results generalize the approach of P. America and J. Rutten.Dedicated to Dieter Pumplün on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Sweeping algebraic curves for singular solutions

Many problems give rise to polynomial systems. These systems often have several parameters and we are interested to study how the solutions vary when we change the values for the parameters. Using predictor-corrector methods we track the solution paths. A point along a solution path is critical when the Jacobian matrix is rank deficient. The simplest case of quadratic turning points is well understood, but these methods no longer work for general types of singularities. In order not to miss any singular solutions along a path we propose to monitor the determinant of the Jacobian matrix. We examine the operation range of deflation and relate the effectiveness of deflation to the winding number. Computational experiments on systems coming from different application fields are presented.     

Degree formulae for offset curves

In this paper, we present three different formulae for computing the degree of the offset of a real irreducible affine plane curve C given implicitly, and we see how these formulae particularize to the case of rational curves. The first formula is based on an auxiliary curve, called S, that is defined depending on a non-empty Zariski open subset of R². The second formula is based on the resultant of the defining polynomial of C, and the polynomial defining generically S. The third formula expresses the offset degree by means of the degree of C and the multiplicity of intersection of C and the hodograph H to C, at their intersection points.     

On the coupling of MIXED-FEM and BEM for an exterior Helmholtz problem in the plane

Summary This paper deals with an elliptic boundary value problem posed in the plane, with variable coefficients, but whose restriction to the exterior of a bounded domain reduces to a Helmholtz equation. We consider a mixed variational formulation in a bounded domain that contains the heterogeneous medium, coupled with a boundary integral method applied to the Helmholtz equation in . We utilize suitable auxiliary problems, duality arguments, and Fredholm alternative to show that the resulting formulation of the problem is well posed. Then, we define a corresponding Galerkin scheme by using rotated Raviart-Thomas subspaces and spectral elements (on the interface). We show that the discrete problem is uniquely solvable and convergent and prove optimal error estimates. Finally we illustrate our analysis with some results from computational experiments.     

Plane curves whose tangent lines at collinear points are concurrent

We are interested in a particular geometry of plane curves in characteristicp>0, which was inspired by Thas's article [13]. We will prove that any plane curve of degree > 2 whose tangent lines at collinear points are concurrent is either a strange curve or projectively equivalent to the Fermat curve of degreeq + 1, whereq is a power ofp.     

Nonconforming mixed finite element approximation to the stationary Navier-Stokes equations on anisotropic meshes

The main aim of this paper is to study the error estimates of a rectangular nonconforming finite element for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations under anisotropic meshes. That is, the nonconforming rectangular element is taken as approximation space for the velocity and the piecewise constant element for the pressure. The convergence analysis is presented and the optimal error estimates both in a broken H¹-norm for the velocity and in an L²-norm for the pressure are derived on anisotropic meshes.     

On local convergence of a symmetric semi-discrete scheme for an abstract analogue of the Kirchhoff equation

The present work considers a nonlinear abstract hyperbolic equation with a self-adjoint positive definite operator, which represents a generalization of the Kirchhoff string equation. A symmetric three-layer semi-discrete scheme is constructed for an approximate solution of a Cauchy problem for this equation. Value of the gradient in the nonlinear term of the scheme is taken at the middle point. It makes possible to find an approximate solution at each time step by inverting the linear operator. Local convergence of the constructed scheme is proved. Numerical calculations for different model problems are carried out using this scheme.     

Multivariate subresultants using Jouanolou matrices

Earlier results expressing multivariate subresultants as ratios of two subdeterminants of the Macaulay matrix are extended to Jouanolou matrices. These matrix constructions are generalizations of the classical Macaulay matrices and involve matrices of significantly smaller size. Equivalence of the various subresultant constructions is proved. The resulting subresultant method improves the efficiency of previous methods to compute the solution of over-determined polynomial systems.     

On computing the pressure by thep version of the finite element method for Stokes problem

Summary This paper introduces and analyzes two ways of extracting the hydrostatic pressure when solving Stokes problem using thep version of the finite element method. When one uses a localH ¹ projection, we show that optimal rates of convergence for the pressure approximation is achieved. When the pressure is not inH ¹. or the value of the pressure is only needed at a few points, one may extract the pressure pointwise using e.g. a single layer potential recovery. Negative, zero, and higher norm estimates for the Stokes velocity are derived within the framework of thep version of the F.E.M.Partially supported by ONR grants N00014-87-K-0427 and N00014-90-J-1238     

Error analysis of upwind‐discretizations for the steady‐state incompressible Navier–Stokes equations

Within the framework of finite element methods, the paper investigates a general approximation technique for the nonlinear convective term of the Navier–Stokes equations. The approach is based on an upwind method of finite volume type. It is proved that the discrete convective term satisfies a well‐known collection of sufficient conditions for convergence of the finite element solution. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Characteristics difference method for incompressible miscible flow in porous media

Two-phase ,incompressible miscible flow in porous media is governed by a system ofnonlinear partial differential equations. The pressure equation ,which is e11iptic in appearance ,isdiseretizod by a standard five-points difference method, The concentration equation is treated byan impliclt finite difference method that appbes a form of the method of characterlstics to thetransport terms. A class of biquadlatle interpolation is introduced for the method of chracteristics.Convergence rate is proved to be O(△t h^2)。     

Multivariate refinable functions,differences and ideals — a simple tutorial

This paper summarizes the algebraic quotient ideal approach to polynomial generation by refinable functions and connects it to Strang–Fix conditions and factorization with respect to difference operators. Motivated by the latter one, we also consider vector subdivision schemes with matrix valued coefficients and review some of their properties.     

Numerical verifications of solutions for elliptic equations in nonconvex polygonal domains

Summary In this paper, methods for numerical verifications of solutions for elliptic equations in nonconvex polygonal domains are studied. In order to verify solutions using computer, it is necessary to determine some constants which appear in a priori error estimations. We propose some methods for determination of these constants. In numerical examples, calculating these constants for anL-shaped domain, we verify the solution of a nonlinear elliptic equation.     

Two-grid finite volume element method for linear and nonlinear elliptic problems

Two-grid finite volume element discretization techniques, based on two linear conforming finite element spaces on one coarse and one fine grid, are presented for the two-dimensional second-order non-selfadjoint and indefinite linear elliptic problems and the two-dimensional second-order nonlinear elliptic problems. With the proposed techniques, solving the non-selfadjoint and indefinite elliptic problem on the fine space is reduced into solving a symmetric and positive definite elliptic problem on the fine space and solving the non-selfadjoint and indefinite elliptic problem on a much smaller space; solving a nonlinear elliptic problem on the fine space is reduced into solving a linear problem on the fine space and solving the nonlinear elliptic problem on a much smaller space. Convergence estimates are derived to justify the efficiency of the proposed two-grid algorithms. A set of numerical examples are presented to confirm the estimates. The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 10601045).     

Interpolation error estimates in W 1,p for degenerate Q 1 isoparametric elements

Optimal order error estimates in H ¹, for the Q ₁ isoparametric interpolation were obtained in Acosta and Durán (SIAM J Numer Anal37, 18–36, 1999) for a very general class of degenerate convex quadrilateral elements. In this work we show that the same conlusions are valid in W ^1,p for 1≤ p < 3 and we give a counterexample for the case p ≥ 3, showing that the result cannot be generalized for more regular functions. Despite this fact, we show that optimal order error estimates are valid for any p ≥ 1, keeping the interior angles of the element bounded away from 0 and π, independently of the aspect ratio. We also show that the restriction on the maximum angle is sharp for p ≥ 3.     

Galerkin and subspace decomposition methods in space and time for the Navier-Stokes equations

The Galerkin method and the subspace decomposition method in space and time for the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the H²-initial data are considered. The subspace decomposition method consists of splitting the approximate solution as the sum of a low frequency component discretized by the small time step Δt and a high frequency one discretized by the large time step pΔt with p>1. The H²-stability and L²-error analysis for the subspace decomposition method are obtained. Finally, some numerical tests to confirm the theoretical results are provided.     

A discontinuous Galerkin method on refined meshes for the two-dimensional time-harmonic Maxwell equations in composite materials

In this paper, a discontinuous Galerkin method for the two-dimensional time-harmonic Maxwell equations in composite materials is presented. The divergence constraint is taken into account by a regularized variational formulation and the tangential and normal jumps of the discrete solution at the element interfaces are penalized. Due to an appropriate mesh refinement near exterior and interior corners, the singular behaviour of the electromagnetic field is taken into account. Optimal error estimates in a discrete energy norm and in the L²$L^2$-norm are proved in the case where the exact solution is singular.