Rational design on separators and liquid electrolytes for safer lithium-ion batteries

As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to increase,their safety has become a great concern for further practical large-scale applications.One of the ultimate solution of the safety issue is to develop intrinsically safe battery components,where the battery separators and liquid electrolytes are critical for the battery thermal runaway process.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the rational materials design on battery separators and liquid electrolyte towards the goal of improving the safety of LIBs.Also,some strategies for further improving safety of LIBs are also briefly outlooked.     

Recent developments of cellulose materials for lithium-ion battery separators

This paper reviews the recent developments of cellulose materials for lithium-ion battery separators. The contents are organized according to the preparation methods such as coating, casting, electrospinning, phase inversion and papermaking. The focus is on the properties of cellulose materials, research approaches, and the outlook of the applications of cellulose materials for lithium-ion batteries.     

锂离子电池凝胶聚合物隔膜的研究进展

作为锂离子电池重要组分,隔膜由多孔聚烯烃高分子材料组成;电解质体系由有机碳酸酯和六氟磷酸锂混合组成,虽具有高离子电导率,但因液态碳酸酯的易燃特性给锂离子电池带来了安全隐患。利用能够将液态电解质体系凝胶化的聚合物制备得到的凝胶聚合物隔膜,结合了液态电解质体系高电导率和固态电解质高安全性的优点。凝胶聚合物隔膜的研究从简单微孔凝胶聚合物隔膜开始,经历了引入少量纳米无机颗粒的掺杂凝胶聚合物隔膜,到引入大量纳米颗粒的凝胶陶瓷隔膜的发展历程。本文详细介绍这三种类型凝胶聚合物隔膜的物理化学特性,最后展望凝胶聚合物隔膜的发展趋势。     

Lithium-ion battery separators: Recent developments and state of art

Lithium-ion battery separators are receiving increased consideration from the scientific community. Single-layer and multilayer separators are well-established technologies, and the materials used span from polyolefins to blends and composites of fluorinated polymers. The addition of ceramic nanoparticles and separator coatings improves thermal and mechanical properties, as well as electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity. The state-of-art separators are actively involved in the cell chemistry through specific functional groups on their surface. Among the numerous properties, safety features and long cycle life are high-priority requirements for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.     

Recent Development of Polyolefin‐Based Microporous Separators for Li−Ion Batteries: A Review

Secondary Li?ion batteries have been paid attention to wide‐range applications of power source for the portable electronics, electric vehicle, and electric storage reservoir. Generally, lithium‐ion batteries are comprised of four components including anode, cathode, electrolyte and separator. Although separators do not take part in the electrochemical reactions in a lithium‐ion (Li?ion) battery, they conduct the critical functions of physically separating the positive and negative electrodes to prevent electrical short circuit while permitting the free flow of lithium ions through the liquid electrolyte that fill in their open porous structure. Hence, the separator is directly related to the safety and the power performance of the battery. Among a number of separators developed thus far, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) porous membrane separators have been the most dominant ones for commercial Li?ion batteries over the decades because of their superior properties such as cost‐efficiency, good mechanical strength and pore structure, electrochemical stability, and thermal shutdown properties. However, there are main issues for vehicular storage, such as nonpolarity, low surface energy and poor thermal stability, although the polyolefin separators have proven dependable in portable applications. Hence, in this review, we decide to provide an overview of the types of polyolefin microporous separators utilized in Li?ion batteries and the methods employed to modify their surface in detail. The remarkable results demonstrate that extraordinary properties can be exhibited by mono‐ and multilayer polyolefin separators if they are modified using suitable methods and materials.     

金属锂电池的热失控与安全性研究进展

锂离子电池在便携式储能器件及电动汽车领域得到了广泛应用,然而频繁发生的电池起火爆炸事故,使热失控和热安全问题备受人们关注,目前已有多篇综述报道了缓解锂离子电池热失控的措施。相比于已经接近理论比能极限的锂离子电池,金属锂负极具有更高的比容量、更低的电势和高反应活性,但是不可控的锂枝晶生长,使得金属锂电池的热失控问题更为复杂和严重。针对金属锂电池的热失控问题,本文首先介绍了热失控的诱因及基本过程和阶段,其次从材料层面综述了提高电池热安全性的多种策略,包括使用阻燃性电解质、离子液体电解质、高浓电解质和局域高浓电解质等不易燃液态电解质体系,开发高热稳定性隔膜、热响应隔膜、阻燃性隔膜和具有枝晶检测预警与枝晶消除功能的新型智能隔膜,以及研究热响应聚合物电解质,最后对金属锂电池热失控在未来的进一步研究进行了展望。     

锂离子电池隔膜的功能化改性及表征技术

随着锂离子电池在动力和规模化储能等新能源领域应用的不断拓展,具有特殊功能且满足特定使用需求隔膜的设计准则、制备/改性方法及表征技术亟需系统深入研究。针对锂离子电池高性能和高安全性的要求,研究人员已通过结构设计和表面化学改性等策略优化了隔膜的本征特性,并通过系列表征技术探讨了隔膜的功能化改性对锂离子电池电化学性能的影响。基于以上背景,本文从离子传输、枝晶形核与生长、及安全性能三个方面详细探讨了隔膜对电池性能影响的关键因素及其改性方法,并系统总结了隔膜结构、物化特性、力学性能、热学性能以及电化学性能的表征技术,以期为功能隔膜的合理设计,从而优化锂离子电池性能提供理论和实践指导。同时,本文对隔膜未来的进一步研究和发展提出了展望。     

电化学储能研究22年回顾

本文回顾了22年来作者的电化学储能研究活动,共分三个部分. 第一部分叙述高比能量、高比功率储能器件研究,包括锂硫电池研究（硫复合正极材料、锂硫电池制作、锂硼合金作为锂硫电池负极、硫-锂离子电池新体系）、超级电容器研究（超级活性炭、以酚醛树脂为原料制备电容炭、碳纳米管阵列中寄生准电容储能材料、氧化镍干凝胶准电容储能材料、归纳出电容炭材料的性能要求、电容器研制、确定“第四类”超级电容器）、锂离子电池研究（锂离子电池与可再生燃料电池的对决、双变价元素正极材料、磷酸钴锂正极材料、高功率锂离子电池的制作）. 第二部分叙述规模储能电池研究,包括液流电池新体系研究（蓄电与电化学合成的双功能液流电池、全金属化合物单液流电池、有机化合物正极的单液流电池）、致力于振兴铅酸电池（推广铅蓄电池新技术、铅炭电池的研究、铅酸电池新型板栅的研究）,储能电池（站）的经济效益计算方法. 第三部分叙述电动汽车发展路线研究,包括氢能燃料电池电动汽车、纯电动汽车与混合动力汽车、对我国电动汽车发展路线的建议、力争电动汽车补贴的合理化、坚守电动汽车“节能减排”宗旨、提出“发电直驱电动车”. 最后的结束语谈了三点感悟.     

高能量密度锂二次电池电极材料研究进展

锂离子电池是目前广泛应用的高能量密度小型二次电池,但随着其应用领域突飞猛进的发展,迫切需要进一步提高其能量密度.本文介绍了近年来高能量密度锂离子电池正、负极材料及新型高能量密度锂二次电池体系方面的研究进展;结合本实验室的研究工作,着重介绍了高容量正、负极材料的选择、微纳结构设计、表面包覆和合成策略;讨论了锂硫电池、锂空气电池等高比能金属锂二次电池的未来发展方向.     

Recent advances on battery separators based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymers for lithium-ion battery applications

Lithium-ion batteries represent one of the most suitable systems for effective energy storage for a wide range of applications, such as smartphones, laptops, electric vehicles, or even home storage systems. Among the different battery components, the separator plays an essential role in the performance of the batteries; its most relevant characteristics are (micro)structure, wettability, thermal and mechanical properties, and ionic conductivity value. This work provides a comprehensive review of the current state of the art in lithium-ion battery separator membranes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers. The most recent developments in the last two years are presented, focusing on the different separator types that have been developed with the aim of improving wettability, thermal characteristics, and cycling behavior. The most used types of PVDF separators are composites, polymer blends, and the combination of both. Among the most common fillers, metal–organic frameworks, ionic liquids, and ceramic particles have been used for the development of PVDF-based composites and polymers such as poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), poly(acrylonitrile), poly(tetrafluoroethylene), or poly(methyl methacrylate), for the development of polymer blends. Electrospinning is one of the most used processing techniques to improve wettability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. The wettability of separators has been also improved by using PVDF as a coating on commercial separators.It is shown that PVDF-based battery separators can play an important role in the next generation of high-performance batteries.     

High safety separators for rechargeable lithium batteries

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) are presently dominant mobile power sources due to their high energy density, long lifespan, and low self-discharging rates. The safety of LIBs has been concerned all the time and become the main problem restricting the development of high energy density LIBs. As a significant part of LIBs, the properties of separators have a significant effect on the capacity and performances of batteries and play an important role in the safety of LIBs. In recent years, researchers devoted themselves to the development of various multi-functional safe separators from different views of methods, materials, and practical requirements. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress in the development of high-safety separators with high thermal stability, good lithium dendritic resistance, high mechanical strength and novel multifunction for high-safety LIBs and have in-depth discussions regarding the separator's significant contribution to enhance the safety and performances of the batteries. Furthermore, the future directions and challenges of separators for the next-generation high-safety and high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries are also provided.     

静电纺聚偏氟乙烯@硅藻土锂离子电池隔膜的制备及性能

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和硅藻土为原料,通过静电纺丝法制备PVDF@硅藻土复合纤维膜,用于锂离子电池隔膜。 研究了隔膜的吸液率、热稳定性和电化学性能等。 添加硅藻土可有效提高复合膜的电解液吸收率和电化学性能,其中吸液率可达623.6%,相比于PVDF膜和聚丙烯(PP)膜具有优异的循环性能和倍率性能。     

浅析动力电池的技术发展

从普及纯电动汽车的远期目标出发,基于动力电池的技术现状,本文提出了动力电池的近、中和远期的合理开发目标.通过分析可能满足各阶段目标的电池体系,提出了动力电池的技术发展路线,着重分析了提升正极或负极容量对于电池能量密度的贡献,并针对锂离子电池、锂-硫和锂-空气电池的材料与技术发展提出了可能的思路.最后,简要分析了动力锂离子电池的安全性问题及其可能的解决方案.     

Current status and challenges for practical flowless Zn–Br batteries

The fire hazard of lithium-ion batteries has influenced the development of more efficient and safer battery technology for energy storage systems (ESSs). A flowless zinc–bromine battery (FL-ZBB), one of the simplest versions of redox batteries, offers a possibility of a cost-effective and nonflammable ESS. However, toward the development of a practical battery, many critical issues should be addressed. In this contribution, we review the current FL-ZBB technologies and provide an assessment of them from a battery design perspective. The key cell design parameters and their influence on battery specifications are described. The challenges related to materials and cell structure are also discussed to motivate future research.     

Preparation of Carbon Nanowall and Carbon Nanotube for Anode Material of Lithium-Ion Battery

Carbon nanowall (CNW) and carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. To fabricate a lithium-ion battery, copper (Cu) foil was cleaned using an ultrasonic cleaner in a solvent such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and used as a substrate. CNW and CNT were synthesized on Cu foil using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and water dispersion, respectively. CNW and CNT were used as anode materials for the lithium-ion battery, while lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) was used as an electrolyte to fabricate another lithium-ion battery. For the structural analysis of CNW and CNT, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and Raman spectroscopy analysis were performed. The Raman analysis showed that the carbon nanotube in composite material can compensate for the defects of the carbon nanowall. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed for the electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries, fabricated by CNW and CNT, respectively. The specific capacity of CNW and CNT were calculated as 62.4 mAh/g and 49.54 mAh/g. The composite material with CNW and CNT having a specific capacity measured at 64.94 mAh/g, delivered the optimal performance.     

锂硫电池多功能涂层隔膜的研究进展与展望

先进储能系统的开发对于满足电动汽车、便携式设备和可再生能源存储不断增长的需求至关重要. 锂硫（Li-S）电池具有比能量高、原材料成本低和环境友好等优点,是新型高性能电池研究领域中的热点. 然而,锂硫电池面向实际应用还存在许多问题,如可溶性多硫化物中间体的穿梭效应、锂枝晶生长以及锂硫电池在使用过程中的热稳定性和安全性等. 设计开发多功能涂层隔膜是改善锂硫电池上述不足的有效策略之一,在本综述中,详细论述了锂硫电池多功能涂层隔膜的研究进展. 包括聚合物材料、碳材料、氧化物材料、催化纳米粒子改性的功能化涂层隔膜及增强电池热稳定性、安全性的特种功能隔膜,对其作用特性进行了系统分析,并对未来研究发展提出展望.     

锂离子电池爆炸机理研究

安全性是高容量及动力型锂离子电池商品化的主要障碍。当在热冲击、过充、过放、短路等滥用状态下,电池内部的活性物质及电解液等组分间将发生化学、电化学反应,产生大量的热量与气体,当积累到一定程度就会引起电池的着火、爆炸。本文综述了电池内部热量的来源和产生的原因,分析了电池在加热、过充、短路等状态下的爆炸机理,并提出了解决电池爆炸问题的具体措施。     

A roadmap of battery separator development: Past and future

The battery separator is one of the most essential components that highly affect the electrochemical stability and performance in lithium-ion batteries. In order to keep up with a nationwide trend and needs in the battery society, the role of battery separators starts to change from passive to active. Many efforts have been devoted to developing new types of battery separators by tailoring the separator chemistry. In this article, the overall characteristics of battery separators with different structures and compositions are reviewed. In addition, the research directions and prospects of separator engineering are suggested to provide a solid guideline for developing a safe and reliable battery system.     

Electrolyte additives for improved lithium-ion battery performance and overcharge protection

Much effort is being expended on the development of smart, safe, high-power lithium-ion batteries that are also environmentally friendly. Scaled-up lithium-ion batteries still raise safety concerns, especially when they are overcharged. Therefore, efforts continue to improve the thermal and chemical stability of positive electrodes, negative electrodes, separators, and electrolytes within the battery to counter thermal runaway. This opinion discusses highlights of research on additives for nonaqueous electrolytes published during 2018 and 2019.     

Cobalt Oxide Arrays Anchored to Copper Foam as Efficient Binder-free Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries

The development of lithium-ion batteries with simplified assembling steps and fast charge capability is crucial for current battery applications. In this study, we propose a simple in-situ strategy for the construction of high-dispersive cobalt oxide (CoO) nanoneedle arrays, which grow vertically on a copper foam substrate. It is demonstrated that this nanoneedle CoO electrodes provide abundant electrochemical surface area. The resulting CoO arrays directly act as binder-free anodes in lithium-ion batteries with the copper foam functioning as the current collector. The highly-dispersed feature of the nanoneedle arrays enhances the effectiveness of active materials, leading to outstanding rate capability and superior long-term cycling stability. These impressive electrochemical properties are attributed to the highly-dispersed self-standing nanoarrays, the advantages of binder-free constituent, and the high exposed surface area of the copper foam substrate compared to copper foil, which enrich active surface area and facilitate charge transfer. The proposed approach to prepare binder-free lithium-ion battery anodes streamlines the electrode fabrication steps and holds significant promise for the future development of the battery industry.