利用光锁相环路实现40 Gb/s时钟恢复

提出并建立了一种新型的基于光纤四波混频效应和压控光脉冲源的光锁相环路(OPLL),用于光时分复用系统(OTDM)中的时钟恢复过程。从理论上分析了其工作原理,及各模块结构和功能。利用高非线性光纤中的四波混频效应实现全光鉴相器,有效缩短了光纤长度,减小了光纤色散引起的脉冲走离,鉴相器消光比超过30 dB。采用再生锁模光纤激光器实现压控光脉冲源,在保证脉冲质量的前提下,重复频率调节范围达到380 kHz。在40 Gb/s时钟恢复实验中,获得脉宽为7.2 ps、接近变换极限的时钟脉冲,时间抖动(RMS)为152 fs,超模抑制比大于60 dB。实验证明,输入信号幅度波动和码型效应对环路影响很小。     

Development and design of a phase-locked loop in the subterahertz and terahertz ranges for a harmonic of the signal of a centimeter-wave synthesizer

We describe a phase-locked loop of a backward-wave oscillator in the range 667–857 GHz for the 34th–45th harmonic of the reference signal of a centimeter-wave synthesizer. Multiplication of the reference-synthesizer frequency in the phase-locked loop is performed by using a subharmonic mixer based on semiconductor superlattices. The mixer, operated at room temperature, has a nonlinear electron conductance.     

高性能注入锁相光电振荡器

提出一种基于注入锁定和锁相环技术的注入锁相光电振荡器.利用注入锁定来改善光电振荡器的近载频相噪以及杂散抑制度.将光电振荡器的输出信号与外注入源进行鉴相,通过锁相环来提升频率稳定性,并进一步改善光电振荡器的近载频相噪.实验结果表明:注入锁相光电振荡器在电滤波器中心频率为9.5GHz、3dB带宽为20 MHz和光纤环长度为6km的情况下,实现了输出信号频率为9.5GHz的单模振荡;当注入锁定带宽为1.98kHz时,光电振荡器输出信号在1kHz频偏处的相位噪声为-125dBc/Hz,在10kHz频偏处的相位噪声为-147dBc/Hz,杂散抑制度高于80dB,阿伦偏差接近1.37×10~(-11)@1s和1.22×10~(-11)@1000s.     

基于数字非线性锁相环的相干态相位估计

基于量子理论获取相位参数的导航机制,理论上可以突破经典物理极限对导航精度的限制.利用量子零拍探测对相干态光场相位进行测量时,通常需要相位与之正交的本振光才能使测量精度达到量子标准极限.由于导航信号相位的高非线性特点,想要利用传统的线性锁相环获取完全满足条件的本振光具有一定的难度.为此,本文设计了一种基于容积准则的非线性锁相环,实现了在非正交本振光的条件下对相干态相位进行精确测量的功能.首先,利用相干态的Wigner函数推导了其相位在量子零拍探测的输出结果,设计了量子相位估计的非线性数字锁相环框架.然后基于正交单纯形容积准则设计了非线性滤波算法实现锁相环功能,该锁相环通过对本振相位进行多次状态更新,最终实现非线性迭代估计.实验结果表明,本文方法突破了本振光相位需与相干态相位正交的局限性,避免了传统量子锁相环方法引入的线性化误差,实现了对相干态相位的准确、稳定估计.     

Phaselock system for millimeter-wave Gunn oscillators used in radio astronomy and laboratory spectroscopy

A frequency-agile heterodyne phaselock loop (PLL) system for millimeter-wave Gunn-effect oscillators between 40 and 110 GHz is described. The Gunn oscillators are phase-locked via the bias in an active second-order servo loop. A facility for fast frequency switching with a maximum rate of 10 kHz and a frequency separation up to 80 MHz is provided. Measurements on the spectral characteristics of a phase-locked Gunn oscillator are presented. The described PLL system is used in radio astronomy and laboratory molecular spectroscopy.     

Phase Noise in Millimeter Wave Phase-Locked Loop with Mixer

In order to estimate the phase noise of millimetre wave (MMW) phase-locked oscillator (PLO), the phase noise relation of signals in MMW phase-locked loop (PLL) with frequency conversion is analyzed. The signals include output of MMW PLO, intermediate frequency (IF) output of harmonic mixer and output of microwave oscillator serving as local oscillator (LO). A method to estimate the phase noise of MMW PLO is presented, which is based on the phase noise of LO and IF. At the same time, a W-band PLO is achieved, and the phase noise values of the three signals are measured. It is shown that the experimental result is well coincident with the analysis of phase noise relation.     

用于铯芯片级原子钟的4.596 GHz射频源研制

芯片级原子钟主要包括射频模块、物理封装模块以及其他的外围控制模块。射频模块的设计关系到芯片级原子钟的短期稳定度,所以射频模块在芯片级原子钟的设计时是非常重要的一部分。本文利用数字锁相环技术实现频率为4.596 GHz的射频源,射频源由三部分组成,包括小数分频频率综合器、压控振荡器和环路滤波器。数字锁相环具有相位噪声低,频谱稳定度高等特点。此外,由于小数分频频率综合器是可编程的,可以通过配置N分频器与R分频器实现输出频率的快速扫描。与此同时,根据相关公式,可以计算出三阶无源环路滤波器的近似参数值,所设计的环路滤波器具有300 kHz的环路带宽以及55的相位裕度。最后,整个基于数字锁相环技术实现的射频源通过仿真、硬件实现以及测试。测试结果显示,射频源的相位噪声为-74.02 dBc/Hz@300 Hz,符合芯片级原子钟射频源的设计要求。     

Spread spectrum communication system with chaotic frequency modulation

A new spread spectrum communication system utilizing chaotic frequency modulation of sinusoidal signals is discussed. A single phase lock loop (PLL) system in the receiver is used both to synchronize the local chaotic oscillator and to recover the information signal. We study the dynamics of the synchronization process, stability of the PLL system, and evaluate the bit-error-rate performance of this chaos-based communication system.     

相位式激光测距全数字锁相环控制系统

针对减小相位式激光测距中的误差,介绍了一种基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）实现的全数字锁相环（ADPLL）控制系统的技术原理。此系统可以提高相位频率检测器的精度,同时不受温度和电压的影响,大幅降低相位式激光测距在测相过程中的频率误差。系统主要由数字鉴相器、数字滤波器和数字控制振荡器等逻辑设备组成,系统中的信号全部为数字信号。实验结果表明,当FPGA内部的参考信号为40 Hz时,采样周期为0.025 s,滤波器在300 ms达到约5 V的电压饱和状态。ADPLL系统避免了模拟电路中常常遇到的不全传输、寄生能力、温度浮动及老化等问题,并且可以在使用重置器件的情况下运行,因此很容易测试和复原。     

Q-band injection-locked gunn diode oscillator

The configuration and performance of a Q-band injection-locked Gunn oscillator are presented whose outport is connected with a phase-locked reference source by a circulator. The output power of the oscillator is more than 60mW at 46.1GHz. The single-sideband phase noise (SSB) is less than-71.7dBc/Hz offset 10KHz from the carrier, and the spectrum of clutter signal is less than -40dB.     

Properties of Optical Phase-Locked Loop Based on Four Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Laser Amplifiers

In this paper, the properties of the optical phase-locked loop(PLL) based on the four-wave mixing in the semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLAs) are discussed. The components that achieve the function of detecting the bit phase of the input optical signal are concerned and discussed in detail together as a function module named as the optical bit phase detector referred to the general electronic PLL. Therefore, most of the properties of the optical PLL can be analyzed by applying the general phase-locked theory. Here the stability of the optical PLL is discussed. It's shown that the variance of input signal power in the practical application will cause optical PLL system unstable because of its long loop delay. The influence on the output phase jitter of the optical PLL is also investigated.     

基于HART协议的二线制涡轮流量变送器的开发

以HART协议为通信标准,提出了系统的总体方案设计,通过对HART协议的理解与掌握,详细的给出了基于涡轮流量变送器的软硬件设计;硬件设计部分包括涡轮脉冲采集模块,微处理器模块,HART通信模块和4~20 mA环路电流模块4个模块,其中HART通信模块采用HART调制解调器芯片AD5700实现,4~20 mA环路电流模块采用环路供电专用芯片AD5421实现,二者共同构成了HART协议的物理层接口,文章硬件电路所采用的都是低功耗芯片,用纯硬件的方法解决了HART总线设备的低功耗难点;软件设计部分包括主监控程序、变送计算程序和HART协议通信程序3个程序模块,重点讲述了HART协议的数据链路层和应用层的实现过程;最后文章对涡轮流量变送器的二线制传输功能和HART通信功能进行了测试;测试结果表明,变送器的设计要求基本实现了。     

Noise-induced critical breakdown of phase lockings in a forced van der Pol oscillator

The effect of noise on the period of the van der Pol oscillator forced by a sinusoidal signal is analyzed in detail. The dynamics of the forced nonlinear oscillator with noise is described by the evolution of probability densities by a Markov operator. The oscillator shows a 1 : 1 phase-locked oscillation whose period is equal to the period of the sinusoidal forcing when the forcing is sufficiently strong. Noise modulates the oscillator's period as expected, but we show that this modulation is not uniform; the period of the oscillator changes drastically at a certain strength of noise. Thus this noise-induced breakdown of the phase locking can be considered as a stochastic bifurcation. The breakdown of stochastic phase-locking or the stochastic bifurcation is also analyzed from the viewpoint of the spectra of the Markov operator.     

Equilibrium and stability of free-running, phase-locked, andmode-locked quasi-optical gyrotrons

Equilibria and stability (both single-mode and sideband) are calculated and contrasted for free-running, phase-locked, and mode-locked oscillator configurations in a quasi-optical gyrotron. The oscillator can be phase locked by direct injection of radiation into the oscillator cavity. The equilibrium and stability properties are not greatly affected at low injection power levels. Alternatively, the oscillator could be phase locked by prebunching the beam. If the beam is prebunched, there are dramatic effects on both equilibrium and stability. The transverse efficiency can be considerably enhanced by prebunching the beam. This prebunching can be done on either a phase-locked (using an external RF source) or mode-locked (using the oscillator output) configuration. The stable locking bandwidth turns out to be about half the ω/Q linewidth of the mode     

Frequency-division-multiplexed polarimetric fiber laser current-sensor array

We demonstrate a novel frequency-domain-multiplexing technique for implementing polarimetric fiber laser current sensors. Each sensor operates at a different polarization-mode beat frequency that is modulated in response to applied electric current. A bank of bandpass filters can be used to separate signals from different sensors. A simple frequency-demodulation technique based on a phase-locked loop is used for signal processing.     

脉冲发电机电源宽频变化情况下锁相技术仿真

针对在基波频率变化情况下传统锁相环无法进行正确锁相的问题,提出了基于同步参考坐标系的追踪型三相软件锁相环.三相电压信号(Va、Vb、Vc)经同步坐标变换后,得到两相静止坐标(Vα、Vβ)信号,再经过旋转坐标变化后获得(Vd、Vq)信号;Vq信号经过低通滤波后,进行动态信号延迟,其延迟的时间由输出的频率信号获得;把延迟前...     

Optical frequency standard for optical fiber communication based on the Rb 5s --> 5d two-photon transition

We report an optical frequency standard based on the 5s --> 5d two-photon transition in Rb atoms. The frequency of a lambda = 778 nm diode laser was locked to the two-photon transition. Second-harmonic generation and an optical phase-locked loop were used to transfer the frequency stability to lambda = 1.556 mum for use in optical fiber communication applications.     

光学相位锁定激光在原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中实现拉曼耦合

采用光学相位锁定环路技术将外腔反馈式半导体激光器锁定到与钛宝石激光器输出激光频率上. 锁定后两束激光的差频线宽从MHz降低到Hz量级, 同时两束激光的频率差可实现几百兆赫兹到7 GHz的精密调节. 锁定的两束激光作用在铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的两个基态超精细态F=2, 1, 观测到在两个超精细态之间的拉曼跃迁. 该技术可用于超冷原子两个超精细态之间自旋轨道耦合.     

Neuron-like dynamics of a phase-locked loop

Dynamics of two coupled phase-controlled generators based on phase-locked loop systems with a high frequency filter in the control loop was studied. It was found that beating modes are synchronized in the systems and shown that different synchronization states form an overlapping structure in parameters space of the coupled systems. Usage of the phase-locked loop as a neuron-like element is proposed.     

基于DFB腔注入锁定效应的可调谐光电振荡器

提出一种基于分布反馈光注入锁定效应的可调谐光电振荡器,其环路主要由马赫曾德尔调制器、光电探测器、环形器、分布反馈激光器和射频放大器顺接而成,分布反馈激光器是系统关键器件,通过分布反馈激光器光注入锁定效应,分布反馈腔在光域实现了微波光子滤波器功能,无需传统光电振荡器必须的射频带通滤波器.同时,由于分布反馈激光器注入锁定提高了环路Q值,因此系统可采用短环路结构,从而降低了光纤因温度敏感对微波信号稳定性的影响并减小了整个系统的尺寸.另外,通过调节注入光波长和功率可改变该微波光子滤波器的中心频率,从而可实现系统的可调谐性.理论分析了该光电振荡器的原理和微波光子滤波器的调谐性,在此基础上开展了实验验证.结果表明该光电振荡器能够产生18.7～21.6 GHz的可调微波信号,在1 kHz频偏处的相位噪声为-90 dBc/Hz.