薄铝埋点等离子体K线光谱半定量实验测量

 提出了一种薄埋点靶：直径为200 mm、厚度为0.1 mm的铝点埋在20 mm厚的CH膜底衬中,表面再覆盖0.1 mm厚的CH膜。在星光Ⅱ激光装置上利用束匀滑激光打该埋点靶,在靶前向采用胶片记录的晶体谱仪测量铝离子K线谱,获得了铝离子K线谱半定量实验结果。并开展了非平衡铝等离子体发射光谱的理论计算分析。研究结果表明：采用单一等离子体状态且不考虑自吸收效应模拟计算获得的理论谱与实验谱符合较好,通过激光打薄埋点靶能够产生均匀的用于研究离化动力学和原子结构计算理论的光性薄高温等离子体。     

激光直接加热自背光法辐射不透明度测量方法探索

本文提出一种基于单束激光直接加热多层平面靶开展 稠密等离子体辐射不透明度特性研究的靶物理设计并对其进行了实验验证. 在XG-II激光装置上, 采用三倍频束匀滑激光辐照Au/CH/Al/CH多层平面靶产生背光源和Al样品等离子体, 通过观测背光源经样品等离子体衰减后的透过谱得到样品等离子体的辐射吸收性质. 采用Multi-1D程序对激光加热多层靶进行了辐射流体力学数值模拟, 给出了样品等离子体状态及其时间演化过程. 利用细致谱项模型 (DTA) 对实验测量的Al等离子体吸收谱进行理论分析, 表明等离子体温度在20–70 eV之间, 该结果与辐射流体力学模拟结果基本一致. 关键词： 吸收光谱 自背光 激光等离子体     

激光等离子体非平衡X射线发射谱理论研究

在平均离子模型的基础上,发展了一个计算离子组态概率分布的有效方法,称为统计方法.根据激光靶耦合程序模拟给出腔靶等离子体状态条件,研究1.06μm激光金等离子体的非平衡离子组态分布和X射线发射谱特性.得到与实验谱相同的能带范围,并得出在激光等离子体中多电子同时处于激发态的离子组态对X射线发射的贡献不能忽略的结论. 关键词：     

斜辐照激光等离子体辐射X光子特性

 在神光Ⅱ高功率激光装置上,实验研究了激光斜辐照形成的激光等离子体辐射X射线光子的特性及真空喷射热等离子体流的方向。采用针孔X射线相机测量了钕玻璃激光（基频1.053 μm）辐照铝靶形成的激光铝等离子体辐射的X射线光子的空间分布,并针对正入射和入射激光斜辐照情况下测得的X射线光子量及特性进行了分析和比较。结果发现：入射激光斜辐照固体平面靶产生的向真空喷射热等离子体流的方向是垂直靶面（即法线方向）;正入射和斜入射激光叠加驱动靶时,一定程度上能改善激光辐照的均匀性,但等离子体源辐射的X射线光子数并未发现显著地增加;当激光斜辐照与靶相互作用时,激光能量被等离子体吸收下降。     

超高速碰撞2A12铝靶过程中Al~+的光谱辐射特征

材料受到强冲击会产生闪光和等离子体效应。通过超高速碰撞实验并结合多种先进测试手段,推导出了适用于计算超高速碰撞产生等离子体电离度的沙哈(Saha)公式,为超高速碰撞过程中弹丸和靶板的物质组成分析提供了强有力的工具。基于二级轻气炮加载系统结合等离子体特征参量诊断的Triple Langmuir probe诊断系统和光谱辐射测量的ESA4000光谱仪系统,进行了3种不同碰撞速度条件下的超高速碰撞实验。实验结果表明,超高速碰撞2A12铝靶产生闪光辐射中包含Al+的光谱辐射;通过实验数据的解析进一步揭示了光谱强度与弹丸速度的关系。随着弹丸速度的增加,Al+的辐射光谱强度增大,由2A12铝激发的Al+光谱中小波长所对应谱线的辐射光谱强度比长波长所对应谱线的辐射光谱强度增加更快。关于2A12铝靶在超高速撞击载荷下产生铝离子的光谱辐射特征以及辐射温度研究在航天器防护空间碎片、导弹拦截、天体物理及深空探测领域具有重要的应用价值,此外,等离子体的特征参量测量和光谱辐射特征研究,对于在微观层面深刻揭示超高速碰撞现象具有重要的理论意义。     

脉冲Nd∶YAG激光诱导钼等离子体UTA辐射特性研究

利用Nd∶YAG激光作用于真空腔内的高纯固体钼(Mo)靶产生等离子体,并测量了不同脉冲激光功率密度下Mo等离子体在2～9 nm范围内的时间积分光谱。基于碰撞辐射平衡模型(CRM)和Cowan程序计算得到不可分辨跃迁峰(UTA)原子光谱数据,并假设谱线展宽为高斯线形,获得了在不同电子温度和电子密度下的理论模拟光谱,模拟光谱与实验光谱吻合的较好。实验与理论研究光谱表明：Mo ⅩⅥ-Mo ⅩⅫ离子的3d-4f不可分辨跃迁峰位于水窗波段,通过控制脉冲激光参数和采用合适的等离子体约束条件,获得水窗辐射波段Mo离子的高丰度布居,有望将激光Mo等离子用于单脉冲活体细胞显微成像水窗光源。     

准分子激光轰击Y-Ba-Cu-O高温超导靶的空间分辨光谱研究

采用WP4-光学多道分析仪对准分子激光轰击Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_x超导靶产生的等离子体辐射进行了空间分辨测量和研究。实验结果表明,在靶面的邻近区(d<0.4mm),等离子体辐射为较强的连续谱,并迭加有Y、Ba原子和Y~+、Ba~+离子基态电子跃迁的自吸收线。Y、Ba、Cu原子和相应的一价离子以及金属氧化物分子激发态的发射谱线仅在距靶面为0.4mm以外的区域出现。光谱的测量结果支持靶面表层发生爆炸、出射分子簇团和固体微粒的激光烧蚀沉积动力学机制解释。     

等电子谱线法测量Mg/Al等离子体电子温度空间分布

 在“星光Ⅱ”激光装置上对Mg/Al混合材料埋点靶进行三倍频激光打靶实验,用空间分辨晶体谱仪测量靶材料发射的X光光谱,获取了示踪离子谱线实验数据。采用多组态Dirac-Fock方法计算所需原子参数,并在局域热动平衡条件下建立了双示踪离子谱线强度比随电子温度的变化关系。在此基础上由双示踪元素等电子谱线法确定了Mg/Al混合材料埋点靶激光等离子体电子温度空间分布。     

等电子谱线法测量Mg/Al等离子体电子温度空间分布

在“星光Ⅱ”激光装置上对Mg/Al混合材料埋点靶进行三倍频激光打靶实验,用空间分辨晶体谱仪测量靶材料发射的X光光谱,获取了示踪离子谱线实验数据。采用多组态Dirac-Fock方法计算所需原子参数,并在局域热动平衡条件下建立了双示踪离子谱线强度比随电子温度的变化关系。在此基础上由双示踪元素等电子谱线法确定了Mg/Al混合材料埋点靶激光等离子体电子温度空间分布。     

改进型双盘靶实验与分析

采用改进型双盘靶结构,初级改用为斜柱腔结构,激光加热初级薄箔,后向出射的X光烧蚀次级,这样降低初级等离子体喷射的影响,使烧蚀次级的X光更纯净。采用X光条纹相机测量双盘靶等离子体喷射的时空扫描图象,采用两台软X光谱仪分别对初级和次级辐射的X光进行测量,研究次级盘对初级发射的X光谱的改造。测量结果表明：这种结构的双盘靶基本上能避免初级盘喷射等离子体的影响,初级盘后向辐射的X光谱具有明显 的N和O带谱结构,而次级辐射的X光谱主要以O带为主。     

Diffraction of laser-plasma-generated electron pulses

We report the observation of the Debye–Scherrer diffraction using electron pulses emitted from a fs-laser plasma. Titanium sapphire laser pulses with 1.6 mJ/45 fs at 1 kHz are focused on a moving steel tape at close to normal incidence. The laser plasma generated ejects a large number of electrons in the direction of polarization, with a continuous energy spectrum extending up to 100 keV. Selecting an energy range of these electrons and scattering them on a thin aluminium sample generates a “streaked” diffraction pattern with unique features.     

激光脉冲在气体中产生的离化波前的演化及其对光脉冲传播的影响

利用带离化子程序的一维粒子模拟程序，对光脉冲与离化波前的相互作用进行了模拟研究，讨论了在原子多度电离的情况下光脉冲与离化波前的相互作用关系.研究表明，由于原子各级离化势的不连续性使得离化波前在空间上出现平台区；离化过程导致激光频率发生蓝移，这个蓝移又对脉冲形状产生调制，使脉冲前沿呈阶跃型增长；阶跃型的光脉冲包络使离化波前的平台区变短，直至整个离化波前分为几个不同梯度的区域.还讨论了不同元素和不同密度的气体中产生的离化波前的特点.同时分析了光脉冲频率随传播距离的关系，指出由于光脉冲宽度的增加，将导致出射的光 关键词： 激光等离子体 光电离 离化波前 激光频率上转换     

Investigation on non-LTE radiation emitted from a laser-irradiated Au disk

1 Introduction The laser-target coupling physics is a key topic in indirect-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and X-ray application research[1―3]. When intense laser light irradiates the solid target, the plasmas are produced rapidly on the surface of the target. The laser en-ergy is mainly absorbed by inverse bremsstrahlung absorption, and a coronal region with high-temperature and low-density plasma is formed. Electron thermal conduction proc-ess transfers energy into over-dense re…     

拍瓦激光与铜靶作用产生光核中子的数值模拟研究

激光驱动中子源由于中子通量高、短脉冲等特点受到广泛关注。通过辐射流体动力学、粒子动力学和蒙特卡罗三种数值模拟程序的组合使用,对超短强激光与铜靶作用产生光核中子进行了全物理过程模拟。首先使用辐射流体动力学程序获得激光预脉冲产生的预等离子体密度分布,然后将预等离子体输入粒子动力学程序获得超短强激光主脉冲产生的超热电子信息,最后将超热电子输入蒙特卡罗程序得到光核中子。模拟获得了光核中子的产额、能谱和角分布信息,发现采用强度1022 W/cm2激光、直径和厚度均为4 cm的Cu圆柱靶,可以获得产额为1.2108/J的光核中子。     

Non-equilibrium plasma production by pulsed laser ablation of gold

A gold target has been irradiated with a Q-switched Nd:Yag laser having 1064?nm wavelength, 9?ns pulse width, 900?mJ maximum pulse energy and a maximum power density of the order of 10¹⁰?W/cm². The laser–target interaction produces a strong gold etching with production of a plasma in front of the target. The plasma contains neutrals and ions having a high charge state. Time-of-flight (TOF) measurements are presented for the analysis of the ion production and ion velocity. A cylindrical electrostatic deflection ion analyzer permits measurement of the yield of the emitted ions, their charge state and their ion energy distribution. Measurements indicate that the ion charge state reaches 6⁺ and 10⁺ at a laser fluence of 100?J/cm² and 160?J/cm², respectively. The maximum ion energy reaches about 2?keV and 8?keV at these low and high laser fluences, respectively. Experimental ion energy distributions are given as a function of the ion charge state. Obtained results indicate that electrical fields, produced in the plume, along the normal to the plane of the target surface, exist in the unstable plasma. The electrical fields induce ion acceleration away from the target with a final velocity dependent on the ion charge state. The ion velocity distributions follow a “shifted Maxwellian distribution”, which the authors have corrected for the Coulomb interactions occurring inside the plasma.     

Tungsten ions produced by infrared pulsed laser irradiation

Energetic ions have been obtained irradiating a tungsten target with a Q-switched Nd:Yag laser, 1064?nm wavelength, 9?ns pulse width, 900?mJ maximum pulse energy and power density of the order of 10¹⁰?W/cm². The laser-target interaction induces a strong metal etching with production of plasma in front of the target. The plasma contains neutrals and ions with high charge state. Time-of-flight measurements are presented for qualitative analysis of the ion production. A cylindrical electrostatic ion analyzer permits measuring of the yield of emitted ions, the charge state of detected ions and the ion energy distribution. Measurements indicate that, at a laser fluence of the order of 100?J/cm², the charge state may reach 9+ and the ion energy reaches about 5?keV. The ion energy distribution is given as a function of the charge state. Experimental results indicate that an electrical field is developed along the normal to the plane of the target surface, which accelerates the ions up to high velocity. The ion velocity distributions follow a “shifted Maxwellian distribution”, which the author has corrected for the Coulomb interactions occurring inside the plasma.     

Nuclear Excitation by X-Ray Emission of Femtosecond Laser Plasma

The proposed model of laser plasma emission spectrum formation enables us to determine the absolute value of the laser pulse to plasma emitted radiation conversion factor, profile of the emission spectrum, and frequency distribution of the intensity and energy in the emitted spectra. This is of interest for laser plasma diagnostics and provides a means for direct calculation of the number of excited nuclei in dependent on the parameters of laser pulse. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Non-equilibrium plasma production by pulsed laser ablation of gold

A gold target has been irradiated with a Q-switched Nd:Yag laser having 1064\,\hbox{nm} wavelength, 9\,\hbox{ns} pulse width, 900\,\hbox{mJ} maximum pulse energy and a maximum power density of the order of 10^{10}\,\hbox{W}/\hbox{cm}^2 . The laser-target interaction produces a strong gold etching with a production of a plasma in front of the target. The plasma contains neutrals and ions having high charge state. Time-of-flight measurements are presented for the analysis of the ion production and ion velocity. A cylindrical electrostatic deflection ion analyzer permits to measure the yield of the emitted ions, their charge state and their ion energy distribution. Measurements indicate that the ion charge state reaches 6^+ and 10^+ at a laser fluence of 100\,\rm{J/cm}^2 and 160\,\rm{J/cm}^2 , respectively. The maximum ion energy reaches about 2\,\hbox{keV} and 8\,\hbox{keV} at these low and at high laser fluence, respectively. Experimental ion energy distributions are given as a function of the ion charge state. Obtained results indicate that electrical fields, produced in the plume, along the normal to the plane of the target surface, exist in the unstable plasma. The electrical fields induce ion acceleration away from the target with a final velocity dependent on the ion charge state. The ion velocity distributions follow a "shifted Maxwellian distribution", which the authors have corrected for the Coulomb interactions occurring inside the plasma.