Alternating current transport property for a two-channel interacting quantum wire

We study theoretically the alternating current (ac) transport property through a two-channel clean quantum wire of finite length in the presence of both inter-channel and intra-channel electron-electron (e-e) interactions. Using the bosonization technique and linear response theory, we have obtained analytical expressions of the ac conductance. Interestingly, the ac conductance oscillations, with two different frequencies, form a beat which governs the behavior of the transport property in the presence of inter-channel e-e interaction. This result provides us with a new way to control the transport property of narrow quantum wires by engineering the Fermi velocities in the two different channels, i.e., the electron density.     

电子关联和孤子

聚乙炔中的电子关联和孤子可用相关基函数方法(CBF)来研究,通过考虑完全的电子-电子相互作用,得到含有单个电荷的奇数原子链的稳定位形为孤子的结论,随着电子-电子互作用强度U和互作用程α/β的增加,孤子定域性加强,产生能降低,因此,即使计入电子-电子相互作用,孤子仍然是导电聚合物中的主要载流子。 关键词：     

(e, 3e) test on e-e correlations in helium

The angular variations of the five-fold differential cross section obtained by using different wave functions of helium are compared with experimental data. It is found that in the coplanar geometry two kinematical arrangements, (i) equal energy sharing between the two ejected electrons with one of them ejected along the momentum transfer direction and the other along varying direction and (ii) the Bethe ridge condition with fixed sum of ejected electron energies and varying angle between them, are very sensitive to e-e correlations contained in the target wave function. This comparison has been used to show that open-shell class of wave functions better incorporate e-e correlations than the closed-shell class.     

磁场辅助热处理金属化碳纳米管场发射性能

利用化学镀方法对多壁碳纳米管(multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWNTs)表面金属化镀镍(MWNTs/Ni),采用丝网印刷制备MWNTs/Ni场发射阴极,并在磁场辅助下热处理所得阴极,研究磁场辅助热处理对MWNTs/Ni阴极的场发射性能的影响,经300mT磁场辅助热处理的MWNTs/Ni的场发射阴极开启场强约为0.80V·μm~(-1),场增强因子β约为16068,对单根MWNTs/Ni在磁场中的受力情况进行建模分析,实验结果表明:磁场辅助热处理有助于提高MWNTs/Ni在阴极表面的直立分布,提高了MWNTs/Ni的场发射性能。     

聚对苯乙炔的基态、极化子与双极化子激发态及其稳定性

提出了描述聚对苯乙炔(PPV)晶格及电子结构的物理模型,并在该模型的基础上给出了PPV的基态及可能的极化子、双极化子激发态,并对影响激发态稳定性的因素进行了研究. 关键词：     

Current saturation and electrical breakdown in multiwalled carbon nanotubes

We investigate the limits of high energy transport in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). In contrast to metal wires, MWNTs do not fail in the continuous, accelerating manner typical of electromigration. Instead, they fail via a series of sharp, equally sized current steps. We assign these steps to the sequential destruction of individual nanotube shells, consistent with the MWNT's concentric-shell geometry. Furthermore, the initiation of this failure is very sensitive to air exposure. In air failure is initiated by oxidation at a particular power, whereas in vacuum MWNTs can withstand much higher power densities and reach their full current carrying capacities.     

He原子价壳层跃迁的电子碰撞研究

在入射电子能量 2 5 0 0eV下测量了He的 11S→ 2 1S ,2 1P ,31S和 31P的微分散射截面和广义振子强度 ,并与前人的实验和理论结果进行了比较 ,认为在此入射电子能量下一阶Born近似对此 4个跃迁成立. With electron impact energy of 2 500 eV and energy resolution of 85 meV, the differential cross sections and the generalized oscillator strengths of the excitations of 1 1S→2 1S, 2 1P, 3 1S and 3 1P of helium has been measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy . Comparing with previous experimental and theoretical results, it seems that the first Born approximation is valid for these excitations under such an electron impact energy.     

Effects of confinement on the electron and lattice dynamics in metal nanoparticles

Effects of confinement on the electron-electron (e-e) and electron-phonon (e-ph) thermalization dynamics in noble metal clusters are calculated using simple approaches. The model predictions are compared with femtosecond pump-probe measurements which display an acceleration of the e-e and e-ph relaxation dynamics. The size-effects on the e-e relaxation dynamics are consistent with a model involving the surface-induced reduction of the screening efficiency of the Coulomb e-e interaction. With regard to the e-ph relaxation dynamics, this model yields too large time constants, pointing out deficiencies of the standard modelling of the e-ph energy exchanges in bulk metals. Analysis of these deficiencies shows that the bare e-ion interaction has to be involved in the transition matrix element describing the non-adiabatic e-ph energy exchanges.     

电子相互作用和孤子元激发(Ⅰ)——电子关联对孤子定域性的影响

研究了电子相互作用对孤子定域性的影响．由于导电聚合物具有宽能带，不宜用Hub-bard模型来描述电子相互作用，需要改用屏蔽库仑势．结果表明，在电子关联对孤子定域性的影响中，屏蔽起了关键作用：弱屏蔽时，电子相互作用会增强孤子的定域性；强屏蔽时，则会削弱其定域性．还从屏蔽与电子关联之间的关系，说明了产生上述结果的物理原因 关键词：     

Activated transport in the exciton condensate at balanced and imbalanced densities measured in drag and counter-flow configuration

We observe the total filling factor ν_T=1 exciton condensate in independently contacted bilayer two-dimensional electron systems in samples with minute tunnel coupling. At balanced electron densities in the layers, we find for both drag and counter-flow current configurations, thermally activated transport with a monotonic increase of the activation energy for d/ℓ_B<1.65 with activation energies up to 0.4 K. In the imbalanced system the activation energies show a striking asymmetry around the balance point, implying that the gap to charge excitations is considerably different in the separate layers that form the bilayer condensate. This indicates that the measured activation energy is neither the binding energy of the excitons, nor their condensation energy.     

Intersubband collective excitations in a quasi-two-dimensional electron system in external magnetic field

The spectrum of collective excitations in a quasi-two-dimensional electron system was studied by the method of Raman scattering spectroscopy. In an applied magnetic field, such systems exhibit collective excitations related to the electron transitions between dimensionally quantized subbands with a change in the Landau level index (intersubband Bernstein modes). It is shown that these modes interact with the fundamental intersubband excitations of the charge and spin densities, the interaction energy being determined by the excitation quasimomentum. Interaction of the intersubband Bernstein modes and the fundamental intersubband excitations with quasi-two-dimensional LO phonons was studied. Behavior of the new branches of collective excitations in a quasi-two-dimensional electron system possessing more than one occupied Landau level was studied and the nature of these branches was determined.     

Electron scattering by molecules II. Experimental methods and data

Experimental techniques for measuring electron-molecule collision cross sections are briefly summarized. A survey of the available experimental cross section data is presented. The emphasis here is on elastic scattering, rotational, vibrational and electronic excitations, total electron scattering, and momentum transfer in the few eV to few hundred eV impact energy range. Reference is made to works concerned with high energy electron scattering, innershell and multi-electron excitations, coincidence methods and electron scattering in laser fields.     

Collective excitations of a periodic Bose condensate in the Wannier representation

We study the dispersion relation of the excitations of a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a periodic optical potential and its Bloch oscillations in an accelerated frame. The problem is reduced to one-dimensionality through a renormalization of the s-wave scattering length and the solution of the Bogolubov-de Gennes equations is formulated in terms of the appropriate Wannier functions. Some exact properties of a periodic one-dimensional condensate are easily demonstrated: (i) the lowest band at positive energy refers to phase modulations of the condensate and has a linear dispersion relation near the Brillouin zone centre; (ii) the higher bands arise from the superposition of localized excitations with definite phase relationships; and (iii) the wavenumber-dependent current under a constant force in the semiclassical transport regime vanishes at the zone boundaries. Early results by Slater [Phys. Rev. 87, 807 (1952)] on a soluble problem in electron energy bands are used to specify the conditions under which the Wannier functions may be approximated by on-site tight-binding orbitals of harmonic-oscillator form. In this approximation the connections between the low-lying excitations in a lattice and those in a harmonic well are easily visualized. Analytic results are obtained in the tight-binding scheme and are illustrated with simple numerical calculations for the dispersion relation and semiclassical transport in the lowest energy band, at values of the system parameters which are relevant to experiment. Received 3 December 1999 and Received in final form 22 March 2000     

Low-temperature time-resolved vacuum UV spectroscopy of potassium pentaborate crystals

For the first time, subnanosecond time resolution is attained in the low-temperature (at 7 K) measurements of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra (2–6 eV), the PL excitation spectra (4–32 eV), the PL kinetics, and the reflection spectra (4–21 eV) of undoped potassium pentaborate KB₅O₈·4H₂O (KB5) crystals under selective photoexcitation by synchrotron radiation. The PL peaks associated with the intrinsic defects of the KB5 lattice are detected. The PL bands resulting from radiative annihilation of the localized and self-localized electron excitations are singled out; these excitations are most efficiently photogenerated at the fundamental absorption edge in the region where the free exciton formation is expected. The difference between the PL spectra of the fast and slow components is revealed. An effective low-temperature energy transport over the KB5 hydrogen sublattice is deduced from a drop in efficiency of PL excitation in the interband-transition region as a result of nonradiative energy loss. Long-term vacuum UV irradiation of a KB5 crystal at 7 K gives rise to defects in the hydrogen sublattice, which facilitate localization of the electron excitations and reduce the effective length of their diffusion. This leads to a decrease in the nonradiative energy loss, thus enhancing the efficiency of the PL photoexcitation in the band-to-band transition region.     

Size of the localized electron emission sites on a closed multiwalled carbon nanotube

We have measured the size of the localized electron emission sites on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with caps closed by a fullerenelike structure. MWNTs were individually mounted on tungsten support tips and imaged with a field emission microscope (FEM). The magnification of the FEM was calibrated using electron ray tracing and verified by comparing transmission electron microscope images. The FEM image was also tested for effects of the lateral energy spread. We found ring-shaped emission areas with three flattened sides, of a radius of 1.7±0.3 nm, and separated by 5±1 nm.     

Effect of surface excitations on the reflection electron energy loss spectrum in silicon

The results of investigating the relative contribution of surface excitations to the reflection electron energy loss spectrum in pure silicon are presented. The primary electron energy is in the range 60–1000eV. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental values of the surface parameter P _S and theoretical calculations. The relative contribution of surface excitations is also determined by decomposing the integral reflection electron energy loss spectra into Gaussian curves.     

Improvement in performance of organic light-emitting devices by inclusion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was modified by different concentrations of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and the nanocomposites of PEDOT:PSS and MWNTs were firstly used as hole-injection layer in fabrication of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) by using a double-layer structure with hole-injection layer of doped PEDOT:PSS and emitting/electron transport layer of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq₃). PEDOT:PSS solution doped with MWNTs was spin-coated on clean polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with indium tin oxide (ITO). It was found that the electroluminescence (EL) intensity of the OLEDs were greatly improved by using PEDOT:PSS doped with MWNTs as hole-injection layer which might have resulted from the hole-injection ability improvement of the nanocomposites. Higher luminescence intensity and lower turn-on voltage were obtained by these devices and the luminance intensity obtained from the device with the hole-injection layer of PEDOT:PSS doped by 0.4 wt.% MWNTs was almost threefolds of that without doping.     

The excited states of an intersubband exciton

The energy of intersubband collective spin-and charge-density excitations is calculated for a system of quasi-two-dimensional electrons at certain values of the angular-momentum component perpendicular to the plane of the electron free motion. The calculation is carried out within the Hartree-Fock approximation. It is shown that the excited states correspond to the electron transitions in the vicinity of the Fermi momentum. The dispersion of the collective excitations is considered.     

浓硝酸处理前后多壁碳纳米管的荧光特性研究

对浓硝酸处理前后多壁碳纳米管的荧光特性进行了研究,结果发现多壁碳纳米管在浓硝酸处理前后都能产生荧光;与浓硝酸处理前相比,浓硝酸处理后的多壁碳纳米管的荧光有所增强,且荧光谱峰向短波长方向发生蓝移。碳纳米管产生的荧光与碳纳米管在其缺陷处捕获激发光的能量以及最低空轨道和最高占有轨道之间的能隙有关。多壁碳纳米管在浓硝酸处理前后都有缺陷,因而都能在其缺陷处捕获激发光能量而产生荧光;浓硝酸处理引起多壁碳纳米管的缺陷增多、捕获激发光能量增加因而荧光也随之增强。碳纳米管的最低空轨道和最高占有轨道之间的能隙随其长度减小而增大,浓硝酸处理引起多壁碳纳米管被削短导致其最低空轨道和最高占有轨道之间的能隙增大,因而引起多壁碳纳米管的荧光谱峰向短波方向蓝移。