小动物正电子断层成像仪性能测试

设计了一系列实验对Concorde MicroPET Rodent R4小动物正电子断层成像系统(该系统是Concorde Microsystems公司开发的小动物专用PET扫描仪，该扫描仪具有32层探测器环，动物入口孔径为120mm，横向视野为100mm，轴向深度为78mm，标称的视野中央处的空间分辨率可达1.8mm以下)的空间分辨率、灵敏度、散射率等性能参数进行了测试，测试结果显示该扫描仪视野中心的横向空间分辨率为1.9mm, 轴向空间分辨率为1.88mm, 在能窗设定为250—750keV时系统的绝对灵敏度为39.88 cps/kBq, 同样能窗下二维重建散射分数为50.6%,三维重建散射分数为32.3%. 关键词： 正电子断层成像仪 性能测试     

应用CCD拼接技术的高分辨率图像扫描仪设计

介绍多CCD拼接技术在高分辨率扫描仪系统中的应用.采用此技术研制的图像扫描系统,在4-CCD拼接情况下,设计物理分辨率700DPI,可分辨率插值350DPI和1400DPI,满足清晰扫描0.08m线宽要求,系统图件扫描相对精度0.1mm,水平方向拼接精度和垂直方向安装精度控制在一个像元内,对应物面0.036mm.     

新型生物芯片扫描仪光学系统设计

传统生物芯片检测扫描仪光学系统的特点是分辨率高、孔径大,但工作距离较短,一般只有1mm左右,有的甚至更短。由于组织芯片、细胞芯片等需要进行实时添加药物与试剂,工作距离越大操作越方便,因此扫描仪光学系统需要具有很长的工作距离。介绍了一种用于组织芯片、细胞芯片扫描仪的新型光学系统。该光学系统的工作距离为15mm,数值孔径为0 67,物方分辨率<350nm。这种新型光学系统首先是要确定物镜的光学结构,然后再通过计算机辅助设计方法设计出成像质量优良的物镜。     

高分辨率电子工业用数字化Ｘ射线检测系统

提出一种高分辨率电子工业用数字化Ｘ射线检测系统的总体设计方案,选择微焦斑X射线源和双近贴式X射线像增强器作为该系统的关键器件,分析了微焦斑X射线源的焦斑尺寸对系统分辨率的影响,并且建立了微焦斑X射线源和双近贴式X射线像增强器自身分辨率及成像的几何放大率对系统最终分辨率影响的数学模型。通过数学模型得出了几何放大率同系统分辨率的关系曲线。设计了光路及图像采集装置,并用VC 6.0完成了实用的X射线图像处理软件,研制了完整的成像系统样机并进行了调试与实验。这种成像系统有效视野可达75 mm,分辨率为160 lp/cm。     

柱面微通道板的制备及其性能研究

针对未来空间天文学应用的超分辨率光谱成像仪器的需求,对低噪声柱面微通道板（MCP）的制备方法及其性能进行了研究. 提出了一种将光学抛光与热成型相结合的新的柱面MCP制备方法,利用不含放射性元素的低噪声MCP玻璃,制备出曲率半径为400mm、尺寸为30mm′46mm、长径比为80:1、通道直径12.5mm、通道间距15mm的柱面MCP,并将其与感应电荷楔条形阳极（WSA）组成光子计数探测器,对其暗计数率、分辨率进行了检测,暗计数率约为0.1counts/cm2×s.     

毫米波步进频连续波SAR成像系统研究

研究了一种基于毫米波的步进频连续波合成孔径雷达成像系统。基于算法研究,搭建了成像硬件及软件系统,实现信号扫描及回波信号的采集与处理。处理后的信号通过成像算法计算,获得目标物体的三维图像数据。实验测试了系统x、y、z方向的分辨率,测试结果表明系统x方向分辨率在8～9 mm,y方向分辨率为12 mm,z方向分辨率为40 mm左右。研究了系统的最佳成像距离,实验发现,当目标物体在距离收发天线5～16 cm范围时,均可对目标清晰成像且仅有很小的背景噪声。在人体安检的应用上,检测了五种常见面料的穿透效果。实验结果表明,在正常衣物厚度下,系统能有效地穿透面料并对隐藏物体清晰成像。     

一种演示纵驻波的简单方法

本文介绍一种演示机械纵驻波简单方法. 演示装置如图1所示:1.电动音叉,频率100Hz左右,可水平放置;2.弹簧,用0.5mm直径的弹簧钢丝密绕而成的,直径为1cm左右、长为5～15cm;3.弦线;4.定滑轮;5.砝码.     

小型γ相机压缩效应的实验研究

在一套平板式晶体单管γ相机上,研究了闪烁晶体的选择和处理对γ相机性能的影响.结果表明:(1)采用侧面吸收的光学边界条件可以上大减小压缩效应;(2)晶体的发光效率对相机的固有空间分辨率影响很大,对于准直孔直径为2mm的241源,采用CsI(T1)晶体时相机的固有空间分辨率为～1cm,采用NaI(T1)晶体时为～0.4cm.     

CCD航空相机动态分辨率检测系统设计

设计了一套CCD航空相机动态分辨率检测系统,系统入瞳直径D=200 mm,焦距f′=2 000 mm,视场角2ω=5°,利用光学设计软件Zemax进行仿真,设计结果表明,在奈奎斯特频率为40 lp/mm的情况下,调制传递函数曲线值均高于0.5。采用波差法校正由长焦距所引入的二级光谱,同时,引入分辨率尺的概念,将每一块单独的分辨率板采用拼接的方式制作成300 mm×24 mm的分辨率尺,令分辨率尺在电机的带动下作匀速直线运动来模拟动态目标。该测试系统的设计能够在模拟飞机飞行的状态下,对其动态分辨率进行检测,检测精度1″, 可广泛用于测绘、军事侦察和航空航天等领域。     

用于软X射线光谱探测的双MCP近贴单幅相机

研制了一种双MCP近贴单幅相机,相机用于软X射线光谱探测.采用开放式无窗结构,利用第一块通道板进行选通, 有效探测面积Φ26mm.相机时间分辨率5ns,静态空间分辨率 25 lp/mm,动态空间分辨率7 lp/mm,控制电路固有延时小于20 ns.主要介绍了该相机的结构、工作原理、快门脉冲发生器电路、应用情况及其性能特点.     

宽视场高分辨率闭路监控系统监控镜头设计

为了满足新形势下闭路监控系统（CCTV）对拍摄视场和高清分辨率的要求,设计了一款复杂化的反摄远型全球面结构的CCTV镜头。该镜头的全视场为80,F#为3,焦距为5 mm,光谱范围为486 nm~656 nm。采用像元尺寸为7.5 m7.5 m,1.27 cm(1/2英寸)的CCD成像。该镜头在奈奎斯特频率67 lp/mm处,全视场MTF接近0.65;在1/2奈奎斯特频率处调制传递函数（MTF）大于0.85;在220 lp/mm处,全视场MTF大于0.3,已经接近衍射极限。镜头像面波前PV值为0.077 9,RMS为0.015 9,达到了瑞利判据的要求。设计评价结果表明,该镜头像差校正满足CCTV监控镜头的成像质量要求。     

Use of a lensed fiber for a large-field-of-view, high-resolution, fiber-scanning microendoscope

We report the application of a lensed fiber to a miniaturized fiber raster scanner in order to reduce the fiber's output beam size, thereby allowing for a compact and flexible endoscope capable of a large field of view (FOV) and high spatial resolution. For a proof of principle, the fabricated lensed fiber scanner is paired with a miniaturized gradient-index assembly to achieve a one-photon lateral resolution of 1.1 μm with a FOV that has a diameter of 440 μm.     

被动无热化切换式长波红外双视场望远镜

 提出切换式双视场光学系统的结构形式,探讨了切换式双视场光学系统的被动无热化设计理论。在此基础上,设计了工作波长为7.7 μm～10.3 μm的被动无热化切换式双视场望远镜。采用衍射面和非球面减少光学元件数量并提高像质,切换式双视场望远镜在-55℃～+70℃全温度带内MTF@18 lp/mm≥0.45。最后对设计结果进行了扩展,给出2个以该结构形式和材料分配为基础的镜头设计结果,结果表明该结构形式和材料分配具有一定的普适性。     

High resolution diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas using reduced field of view single-shot echo-planar imaging at 3 T

Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) has been mostly acquired using single-shot echo-planar imaging (ss EPI) to minimize motion induced artifacts. The spatial resolution, however, is inherently limited in ss EPI especially for abdominal imaging, even with the advances in parallel imaging. A novel method of reduced Field of View ss EPI (rFOV ss EPI) has achieved high resolution DWI in human carotid artery, spinal cord with reduced blurring and higher spatial resolution than conventional ss EPI, but it has not been used to pancreas imaging. In the work, comparisons between the full FOV ss-DW EPI and rFOV ss-DW EPI in image qualities and ADC values of pancreatic tumors and normal pancreatic tissues were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of pancreatic high resolution rFOV DWI. There were no significant differences in the mean ADC values between full FOV DWI and rFOV DWI for the 17 subjects using b = 600 s/mm² (P = 0.962). However, subjective scores of image quality was significantly higher at rFOV ss DWI (P = 0.008 and 0.000 for b-value = 0 s/mm² and 600 s/mm² respectively). The spatial resolution of DWI for pancreas was increased by a factor of over 2.0 (from almost 3.0 mm/pixel to 1.25 mm/pixel) using rFOV ss EPI technique. Reduced FOV ss EPI can provide good DW images and is promising to benefit applications for pancreatic diseases.     

宽视场长波红外光学系统设计

介绍了宽视场长波红外(LWIR)光学系统技术指标。离轴三反射镜消像散(TMA)型光学系统光谱覆盖范围宽,可提供一个空间分辨率高、观测范围大的无遮挡视场,能够在F数相对较小的光学系统中实现接近衍射极限的光学性能。TMA型光学系统能满足推扫式LWIR扫描仪所要求光学系统大观测视场、高光学效率等指标,可作为预先研究星载遥感仪的光学结构。     

Preliminary simulation studies on a cylindrical PEM scanner using GATE

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a cylindrical positron emission mammography (PEM) by simulation, in order to estimate its feasibility before implementation. A well-developed simulation package, Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE), is used to simulate the scanner geometry and physical processes. The simulated PEM scanner is composed of 64 blocks axially arranged in 4 rings with an axial field-of-view (AFOV) of 12.8 cm and 16.6 cm in diameter. For each block, there is a 16×16 array of 2 mm×2 mm×15 mm lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals. In the simulated measurements, the spatial resolution is at the center of the FOV of 1.73±0.07 mm (radial) and 1.81±0.08 mm (tangential), but of 4.83±0.09 mm (radial) and 4.37±0.07 mm (tangential) while 5 cm off the center. The central point source sensitivity (ACS) is 4.04% (1.50 Mcps/mCi) at an energy window of 350-650 keV. Moreover, the capillary and cylindrical sources are simulated coupled to breast phantoms for the scatter fraction (SF) and Noise Equivalent Count Rate (NECR) test. For a breast phantom with a 350-650 keV energy window, SF may reach the highest 32.95%, while NECR is degraded down to the lowest 255.71 kcps/mCi. Finally, we model a breast phantom embedded with two spheres of different activities. The reconstructed image gives good results despite a bit of difference in image contrast. Further, the image quality will be improved by scatter and random correction. All these test results indicate the feasibility of this PEM system for breast cancer detection.     

远距离成像汽车平视显示光路结构设计

针对汽车AR-HUD显示虚像视距更远、虚像视场角更大的需求,采用自由曲面离轴反射光路结构,设计了一种焦距为-309 mm,虚像视距为7.5 m,虚像视场角为9.8°×5.5°的虚像显示光路。为保证驾驶员观察到的虚像的清晰度,结合人眼典型分辨角为1′,源图像显示模块采用分辨率为854×480 pixel的背投式DLP微投影系统。将人眼与虚像显示光路作为整体进行设计,使用Eyebox(孔径光阑偏移范围)模拟驾驶员眼睛活动范围,对于不同的孔径光阑位置,该光学系统的虚像面在奈奎斯特空间频率0.33 lp/mm处,中心视场MTF值大于0.6,全视场MTF值大于0.3。此外,使用蒙特卡罗方法对该系统取不同入瞳位置时进行了初步公差分析,系统90%的MTF值大于0.49,表明该系统容差能力较强。     

含多层衍射光学元件的折/衍射混合头盔目镜

基于对多层衍射元件的衍射效率的理论分析,设计了用于头盔显示器的含有多层衍射元件的60视场折/衍射混合目镜系统。系统在设计波段和整个视场范围内衍射效率均在90 %以上,提高了光能利用率和像面对比度。目镜的出瞳距离为22 mm,出瞳直径为8 mm。调制传递函数（MTF）在25 lp/mm时全视场均在0.38以上,满足VGA分辨率要求。目镜中畸变为4.8%,垂轴色差最大为10 m。整个系统结构紧凑,镜头总长26.8 mm,最大直径16 mm,全系统质量仅8 g,实现了光学系统的轻小型化     

In vivo 31P echo-planar spectroscopic imaging of human calf muscle

Localized phosphorus-31 NMR spectra of human calf muscle in vivo were obtained by means of echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) with a 1.5-T whole-body scanner. The technique permits the measurement of two-dimensional 31P SI data at a minimum acquisition time of 2.4 s (8x8 voxels, TR=300 ms). With 9.4 min measurement time (TR=1100 ms, 64 averages) and 25x25x40 mm spatial resolution in vivo the 31P NMR signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the phosphocreatine (PCr) resonance was about 45; the multiplets of nucleoside 5'-triphosphates were resolved. Spectral quality permits quantitative assessment of the PCr signal in a measurement time that is shorter by a factor of 2 or more than the minimum measurement time feasible with chemical-shift imaging. In a functional EPSI study with a time resolution of 20.5 s on the calf muscle of volunteers, spectra showed a 40% decrease of the PCr signal intensity (at rest: S/N congruent with12) upon exertion of the muscle.