CYCLCROP indirect 13C mapping for long-time and chemical-shift selective diffusion measurements in complex hydrocarbon systems

Cyclic cross-polarization from a proton magnetization to ¹³C and from there back to proton coherences permits the indirect, ¹³C chemical shift selective detection of hydrocarbon compounds in the proton NMR channel. This excitation technique can be combined with elements of one-, two- or three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging permitting the measurement of time-resolved spatial distributions of hydrocarbon components. Beginning this sort of CYCLCROP mapping experiment with a non-equilibrium distribution of the constituents in the system allows one to study the time evolution of the concentrations of all components that can be identified by characteristic ¹³C resonance lines. As applications, studies of ingress, mixing, gel formation, transport and metabolism in living plants, long-time inter- and self-diffusion in complex hydrocarbon systems are suggested. As a test experiment, the diffusion of methanol in swollen polymethylmethacrylate was examined.     

利用相位步进脉冲消除探头13C NMR背景信号

由静态探头线圈外有机材料产生的¹³C NMR背景信号强度大，化学位移范围广（δ_C 20~250），此背景信号在交叉极化实验中还可被增强，并随着样品信号的累积而累积，严重影响谱图分析.将相位步进脉冲引入交叉极化实验（称为PIPCP）中可以有效去除经交叉极化增强的¹³C NMR背景信号，但样品信号不受影响.这是由于经过相位步进脉冲后，线圈外相位严重畸变，而且线圈外锁定场强度急剧降低，来自探头材料的¹³C NMR背景信号无法有效地进行交叉极化.而对于被测样品甘氨酸来说，由于I核和S核之间强烈的偶极耦合作用，所加相位步进脉冲对锁定场强度的影响只有1.4%.     

Solid-state 13C and 1H spin diffusion NMR analyses of the microfibril structure for bacterial cellulose

To obtain further information about the cause for the rather large splitting of the C4 resonance line into the downfield (C4D) and upfield (C4U) lines in CP/MAS ¹³C NMR spectra for native cellulose, ¹³C and ¹H spin diffusion measurements have been conducted by using different types of bacterial cellulose samples. In ¹³C spin diffusion measurements, the C4D resonance line is selectively inverted by the Dante π pulse sequence and the ¹³C spin diffusion is allowed to proceed from the C4D carbons to other carbons including the C4U carbons with use of the ¹³C4-enriched bacterial cellulose sample. The analysis based on the simple spin diffusion theory for the process experimentally observed reveals that the C4U carbons may be located at distances less than about 1 nm from the C4D carbons. In ¹H spin diffusion measurements, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films in which ribbon assemblies of bacterial cellulose are dispersed are employed and the ¹H spin diffusion process is examined from the water-swollen PVA continuous phase to the dispersed ribbon assemblies by the ¹³C detection through the ¹H–¹³C CP technique. As a result, it is found that the C4D and C4U carbons are almost equally subjected to the ¹H spin diffusion from the PVA phase, indicating that the C4U carbons are not localized in some limited area, e.g. in the surfacial region, but are distributed in the whole area in the microfibrils. These experimental results suggest that the C4U carbons may exist as structural defects probably due to conformational irregularity associated with disordered hydrogen bonding of the CH₂OH groups in the microfibrils.     

SSZ-13分子筛上甲醇转化过程中甲氧基物种的生成与活性研究

本文使用固体核磁共振（NMR）技术研究了SSZ-13分子筛上甲醇制烯烃反应过程中表面甲氧基物种的生成以及反应活性.通过二维¹³C-²⁷Al HMQC NMR方法确证了甲醇在分子筛骨架Brønsted酸位上生成的甲氧基物种,以及在Lewis酸位上生成的另外一种表面甲氧基物种.¹³C NMR结合气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）实验结果表明,这两种甲氧基物种在甲醇制烯烃反应中均具有较高的反应活性,既可以导致烃池物种的生成,也可以参与烃池反应生成碳氢化合物.     

七叶亭及其衍生物的NMR研究

七叶亭衍生物含有药效性较高的苯二酚基团,具有各种生物活性.本文以七叶亭（化合物1）为母体,通过将苯基引入到4位、将甲氧基与羟基分别引入到5、6、7和8位,得到一系列七叶亭衍生物2~14.首先以七叶亭为例,以DMSO-d₆作为溶剂,采集了它的多种核磁共振（NMR）谱图（包括¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、¹H-¹³C HSQC、¹H-¹³C HMBC）,并进行了较详细的化学位移归属;然后对七叶亭衍生物2~14的¹H和¹³C NMR进行了全归属;另外,讨论了取代基变化对七叶亭及其衍生物上的¹H和¹³C NMR化学位移的影响;最后,使用GIAO和CSGT两种量子化学计算方法计算了七叶亭及其衍生物上的¹H和¹³C NMR化学位移,并与它们的实测值做了比较.     

Study of natural diamonds by dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The results of a study of two types of natural-diamond crystals by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced high-resolution solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are reported. The home-built DNP magic-angle spinning (MAS) ¹³C NMR spectrometer operates at 54 GHz for electrons and 20.2 MHz for carbons. The power of the microwave source was about 30 W and the highest DNP enhancement factor came near to 10³. It was shown that in the MAS spectra the ¹³C NMR linewidths of the I_b-type diamond were broader than those of I_aB3-type diamond. From the hyperfine structure of the DNP enhancement as a function of frequency, four kinds of nitrogen-centred and one kind of carbon-centred free radicals could be identified in the I_b-type diamond. The hyperfine structures of the DNP enhancement curve that originated from the anisotropic hyperfine interaction between electron and nuclei could be partially averaged out by MAS. The ¹³C polarization time of DNP was rather long, i.e. 1500 s, and the spin—lattice relaxation time (without microwave irradiation) was about 300 s, which was somewhat shorter than anticipated. Discussions on these experimental results have been made in this report.     

The 15N and 13C solid state NMR study of intramolecular hydrogen bond in some Schiff's bases

A series of 11 Schiff's bases derived from substituted salicylaldehyde and aliphatic amines has been studied in the solid state by ¹⁵N and ¹³C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). ¹⁵N CPMAS is especially useful for investigation of the tautomerism in the compounds considered, owing to the large difference in the nitrogen chemical shifts of OH and NH tautomers. In the solid state, three of the compounds examined were shown by ¹⁵N NMR to exist as OH tautomeric forms, and the remaining eight as the corresponding NH forms. This was confirmed by ¹³C CPMAS. The results reported were compared with those obtained in CDCl₃ solutions.     

Solid state 13C NMR of 30-crown-10 ether and 30-crown-10.4H2O

The ¹³C NMR solution spectra of 30-crown-10 ether and its tetrahydrate show only one resonance at all accessible temperatures. In contrast, the solid state ¹³C NMR spectrum of the 30-crown-10.4H₂O shows two resonances in the ratio of 4:1, separated by 1.2 ppm. In the case of 30-crown-10 itself, six resolvable ¹³C resonances in the ratio of 4:1:1:2:1:1 are observed in the solid with an overall chemical shift dispersion of 5 ppm. The remarkably different spectral behavior of these two systems in the solid state is discussed in terms of the torsional environments of the crystallographically unique carbons and the results of GIAO calculations of isotropic ¹³C shieldings for simpler model compounds. Results of dipolar dephased ¹³C CPMAS spectra indicate that 30-crown-10 does not undergo a large amplitude molecular motion, in contrast to earlier results for 18-crown-6. Only a small amount of residual intensity is found in the dipolar dephased spectrum of 30-crown-10.4H₂O, indicating that it also is relatively rigid in the solid.     

丁氟螨酯的波谱学数据解析与结构确证

丁氟螨酯是一种新型杀螨剂,具有高效、低残留的特点.本文对其红外吸收光谱（IR）、紫外吸收光谱（UV）、质谱（MS）及核磁共振（NMR）波谱（包括¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT、¹H-¹H COSY、¹H-¹³C HSQC、¹H-¹³C HMBC）进行了测定,分析了其UV和IR谱图特征吸收峰对应的基团,并对其¹H和¹³C NMR信号进行了归属,确证了丁氟螨酯的结构.该研究将为丁氟螨酯的其他相关研究提供参考.     

季戊四醇硬脂酸酯同系物的结构解析

通过多种核磁共振（NMR）技术（包括¹H NMR、定量¹³C NMR、DEPT135、¹H-¹H COSY、¹H-¹H NOESY、¹H-¹³C HSQC和¹H-¹³C HMBC）技术,对季戊四醇硬脂酸酯润滑剂的组成进行了表征.结果表明：该润滑剂主要成分是单季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯,同时还含有少量的单季戊四醇三硬脂酸酯、单季戊四醇双硬脂酸酯、双季戊四醇硬脂酸酯和三季戊四醇硬脂酸酯,以及微量的多季戊四醇硬脂酸酯.     

德拉沙星葡甲胺波谱学数据解析

本文采用元素分析、紫外吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱、质谱和核磁共振（NMR）波谱（包含¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT、¹H-¹H COSY、¹H-¹³C HSQC和¹H-¹³C HMBC）等方法对德拉沙星葡甲胺进行了结构分析,确证了德拉沙星葡甲胺的结构,分析了其IR谱图特征吸收峰对应的基团,对其¹H和¹³C NMR信号进行了完整归属.并通过差示扫描量热法、热重分析及粉末X-射线衍射分析对德拉沙星葡甲胺的晶型进行了初步研究.     

卢立康唑的波谱学特征和结构确证

用红外吸收光谱、紫外吸收光谱、核磁共振（NMR）波谱（包含¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT135、¹H-¹H COSY、¹H-¹³C HMQC和¹H-¹³C HMBC）、质谱、差示扫描量热分析、X-射线粉末衍射和元素分析等方法对卢立康唑进行了结构分析.对卢立康唑所有的¹H和¹³C NMR信号进行了归属,并通过多种谱学技术确证了卢立康唑的结构.     

Spin density description of rotational-echo double-resonance, transferred-echo double-resonance and two-dimensional transferred-echo double-resonance solid state nuclear magnetic resonance

The spin density matrix formalism has been applied to rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR), transferred-echo double-resonance (TEDOR) and two-dimensional (2D) TEDOR experiments in order to obtain an expression for the signal intensities. TEDOR spectra of ¹⁵N-labeled glycine were measured with different dipolar evolution times. 2D-TEDOR spectra were measured of doubly labeled glycine-2-¹³C, ¹⁵N and of ¹⁵N-labeled glycine. Both the TEDOR and the 2D-TEDOR spectra were readily obtained although the 2D-TEDOR experiment on ¹⁵N-labeled glycine used a lot of machine time. Even though the ¹⁵N-1-¹³C dipolar coupling is relatively small (200 Hz), the 1-C resonance can still be observed.     

Noninvasive in vivo C-NMR spectroscopy of a C-labeled xenobiotic in the rat

This study demonstrates that the xenobiotic product, 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloro-3-¹³C-propane can be monitored in the iver of an intact animal by in vivo ¹³C surface coil NMR spectroscopy after intraperitoneal administration. The carbon-13 label could be detected after a single dose of only 200 mg/kg of the product. The intrahepatic changes of the signal intensity of the labeled product were monitored as a function of time. No signals corresponding to metabolites could be detected.     

碱基分子的原子电距矢量表达及核磁共振碳谱模拟

提出以原子电性距离矢量(VAED)描述各种碱基分子中不同等价碳原子的化学环境,结合γ效应校正与碳原子类型,建立核磁共振碳谱(¹³C NMR)化学位移(CS)的五参数线性模型.用于碱基分子中4类不同碳(其中主要是仲叔季碳)的等价碳原子化学位移的估计,复相关系数R和均方根误差RMS[ppm]分别为仲叔季碳:1)对C2n=12,R=0.9998,R²=0.9997,F=2732.2498,EV=0.9994,RMS=0.1804,SD=0.18842)对C3n=41,R=0.9334,R²=0.8712,F=38.3299,EV=0.8528,RMS=9.5268,SD=9.64523)对C4n=23,R=0.9183,R²=0.8433,F=14.3479,EV=0.7972,RMS=6.5304,SD=6.67721)对C2n=12,R=0.9998,R²=0.9997,F=2592.7072,EV=0.9994,RMS=0.1852,SD=0.19342)对C3n=41,R=0.9270,R²=0.8594,F=34.6283,EV=0.8393,RMS=9.548,SD=10.07843)对C4n=23,R=0.9071,R²=0.8229,F=12.3881,EV=0.7708,RMS=6.9425,SD=7.0985经交互校验,模拟稳定性较好.并综合几种处理方法,找到一种较好的建模方法,将它用于4个外部样本化学位移的定量预测,结果良好.     

Spectral spin diffusion and magnetic dipolar energy in the NMR of 13CH3 compounds

Spin diffusion between ¹³CH₃ groups in solids is studied both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown to be dominated by mutual spin flip–flops of protons belonging to neighbouring methyl groups. Also nonmethyl protons may contribute significantly if present in the sample. The spin–rotational ground state of ¹³CH₃ consists of 16 sublevels. When their populations are used to describe spin diffusion, eight population combinations are shown to be important, two of them corresponding to the ¹³C–proton and proton–proton intra-methyl magnetic dipolar energies, D_c and D_p, respectively. Spin-diffusion transitions modulate these combinations so that a further reduction to two sets of four combinations is possible, with no coupling between the sets. Coupled differential equations are derived to describe the time dependence of the combinations in each set. They are solved numerically and compared with experimental results on a single crystal of aspirin with ¹³C-labelled methyl groups at the carbon resonance. The ¹³C NMR induction signal was observed as a function of time after the preparation either at the carbon resonance (a two-pulse sequence) or at the proton resonance (proton saturation). Usually carbon spectra were computed first and then three of the mentioned population combinations were obtained from the individual spectral components. Some results on the time dependence of D_c were also obtained directly from the amplitude of the out-of-phase induction signal. Theoretical predictions are found to describe semiquantitatively the overall time dependence of these three combinations and especially their variation with different initial conditions, which are discussed in detail. Also the partial transfer of the magnetic dipolar energy between D_c and D_p is nicely explained. Reasons for discrepancies are discussed.     

蒽加氢产物的结构指认和定量核磁共振分析

本文利用多种液体核磁共振（NMR）技术,综合分析了在三个不同反应条件下蒽催化加氢反应获得的产物混合物.利用二维扩散排序谱（DOSY）和一维选择性激发谱（selTOCSY）确定了产物中含有的二氢蒽、四氢蒽、对称八氢蒽和非对称八氢蒽;利用¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT135、¹H-¹H COSY、¹H-¹³C HSQC实验对二氢蒽、四氢蒽和对称八氢蒽的¹H和¹³C NMR信号进行了详细归属;利用定量核磁共振氢谱（QNMR）计算得到了蒽的转化率和产物的选择性.本研究可用于指导优化催化反应条件,提高产物对称八氢蒽的选择性,同时为稠环类芳烃催化加氢产物的分析提供系统的NMR技术方案.     

Expanding the frequency range of the solid-state T1rho experiment for heteronuclear dipolar relaxation

Solid-state spin–lattice relaxation in the rotating frame permits the investigation of dynamic processes with correlation times in the range of microseconds. The relaxation process in organic solids is driven by the fluctuation of the local magnetic field due to the dipole–dipole interaction of the probe nuclei (¹³C,¹⁵N) with ¹H in close proximity. However, its effect is often hidden by a competing relaxation process due to the contact between the rotating frame ¹³C/¹⁵N Zeeman and ¹H dipolar reservoirs. In most cases the latter process becomes superior for the commonly applied low and moderate spin-lock fields and practically does not provide information about the molecular dynamics. To suppress this undesired process and to expand the dynamic range of T_{1 ρ} experiments, we present two approaches. The first one uses a resonance offset of the frequency of the spin-lock irradiation, which leads to a significant enhancement of the effective spin-lock frequency without the application of destructive high transmitter powers. We derive the theory and demonstrate the applicability of the method on various model compounds. The second approach utilizes heteronuclear ¹H decoupling during the ¹³C/¹⁵N spin-lock irradiation which disrupts the contact between the ¹³C/¹⁵N Zeeman and ¹H dipolar reservoirs. We demonstrate the method and discuss the results qualitatively.     

黄酮类天然产物13C NMR数据的计算机检索和辅助解析(Ⅱ)黄酮类天然产物的13C NMR数据规律及其在智能解析中的应用

本文通过对大量的黄酮类化合物¹³C NMR图谱的分析和研究,总结了不同类型的黄酮类化合物的¹³C NMR图谱特征及化学位移规律.对影响黄酮类化合物结构骨架上不同位置碳原子化学位移的因素进行了分析,建立了用于黄酮类天然产物¹³C NMR图谱智能解析的知识库.     

3-烷基-N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮的结构鉴定及NMR研究

本文测定了七个N-甲基-3-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮的¹³C、¹H-NMR、IR和质谱,确定了各化合物的结构,并对谱线进行了归属。同时总结出烷基取代对吡咯烷酮的影响及吡咯烷酮对烷基化学位移的影响的¹³C谱两组经验取代参数。