共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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超声空化及其声流效应在医学、化工和能源等领域得到广泛应用。本文采用高速摄像和粒子图像测速系统分别研究了超声场下的空化形态和声流场结构的时空演化规律。实验研究了50W,100W,200W和250W等四种不同输入功率对18kHz的超声变幅杆附近空化及其声流场的影响。研究结果表明:(1)在变幅杆下端面处观察到由大量空化气泡均匀分布组成的倒置锥形空泡结构,并且锥形空泡结构为稳态流动结构。(2)在超声变幅杆附近产生了两种不同的声流形式,第一种是变幅杆底端的射流型声流,第二种是变幅杆两侧的回旋流。此外,通过研究空泡与声流场中最大速度点之间的空间对应关系,发现声流是因为空泡流动带动而产生的。(3)空间位置和输入功率能显著影响射流型声流的流场结构,但是对回旋流的影响十分微弱。 相似文献
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利用有限元方法研究了有限长换能器激发的超声波在套管井多层介质中的传播规律。数值模拟了换能器长度及套管曲率对反射回波的影响。随着换能器长度增加,反射回波频谱谱陷个数由单一向多个变化;套管共振透射窗的反射波相对能量先逐渐减小后振荡变化,较小长度的换能器对套管与水泥环界面的声阻抗区分能力优于较大长度的换能器。随着套管曲率的增大,套管共振透射窗的反射波由单一模式的厚度振动纵波向其他模式波变化。数值模拟结果对超声脉冲反射声波测井仪器的换能器结构优化设计起到了良好的指导作用。 相似文献
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超声检测单螺杆挤出机中聚合物共混状态时,螺杆结构对回波信号幅值的衰减有很大影响,从而难以判别共混状态。本文分析了螺杆结构对超声回波信号的影响,以超声传播时间为依据,建立螺杆结构模型,根据螺棱位置的回波幅度,计算出低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的衰减系数和不同螺杆位置的反射系数比,通过拟合建立反射系数比与螺杆结构关系模型;将上述模型应用到混合物中,计算不同位置的传感器采集信号的衰减系数方差并以此表征聚合物混合状态的均匀性。实验结果利用样本的电镜扫描图验证:上述建立模型及混合状态的表征方法可以较好地判别聚合物的共混状态。 相似文献
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为了简便、直观地测量功率超声珩磨磨削区的空化声场强度及分布情况,提出了利用弱酸PH试纸测量磨削区空化声场的方法。利用超声空化效应产生的弱酸空化泡在PH试纸表面溃灭后,形成深浅和分布不同的变色区域,间接地表征油石表面空化声场的强弱和分布规律。通过对比不同超声频率、测试距离和时间,得出了最佳测试距离和时间。结果表明,当超声频率为18.6 kHz,距离为10 mm时,测得油石表面的空化声场强度和分布最佳。该方法可形象地评价功率超声珩磨磨削区空化声场的强度和分布情况,具有一定的实际应用价值。 相似文献
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在不同深度条件下的水下构建物超声清洗中,声空化是重要的源动力之一。为探明水下环境压力对声空化的影响,本文基于数值计算的方法,通过对超声波作用下气泡动力学的研究,讨论了环境压力对空化泡溃灭时的气泡最大半径、释放能量以及溃灭功率等因素的影响。结果表明:空化泡最大半径与环境压力在一定范围内呈近似线性关系;随着环境压力增大,空化泡释放能量和溃灭功率均显著减小,且两者在变化趋势和变化幅度上几乎一致;当环境压力大于声压幅值时,空化泡的最大半径、内部压强、内部温度与释放能量均远低于空化发生在环境压力小于声压幅值时的情形。 相似文献
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Microfluidic technology has great advantages in the precise manipulation of micro and nano particles, and the separation of micro and nano particles based on ultrasonic standing waves has attracted much attention for its high efficiency and simplicity of structure. This paper proposes a device that uses three modes of ultrasonic standing waves to continuously separate particles with positive acoustic contrast factor in microfluidics. Three modes of acoustic standing waves are used simultaneously in different parts of the microchannel. According to the different acoustic radiation force received by the particles, the particles are finally separated to the pressure node lines on both sides and the center of the microchannel. In this separation method, initial hydrodynamic focusing and satisfying various equilibrium constraints during the separation process are the key. Through numerical simulation, the resonance frequency of the interdigital transducer, the distribution of sound pressure in the liquid, and the relationship between the interdigital electrode voltage and the output sound pressure are obtained. Finally, the entire separation process in the microchannel was simulated, and the separation of the two particles was successfully achieved. This work has laid a certain theoretical foundation for the rapid diagnosis of diseases in practical applications. 相似文献
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The interactions of bubbles and coal particles in 600 kHz ultrasonic standing waves (USW) field has been investigated. A high-speed camera was employed to record the phenomena occurred under the USW treatment. The formation and behaviors of cavitation bubbles were analyzed. Under the driving of these cavitation bubbles, whose size is from several microns to dozens of microns, coal particles were aggregated and then attracted by large bubbles due to the acoustic radiation forces. The results of USW-assisted flotation show a significant improvement in recoveries at 600 kHz, which indicates that the interactions of bubbles and particles in the USW field are more efficient than that in the conventional gravitational field. Furthermore, the sound pressure distribution of the USW was measured and predicted by a hydrophone. The analysis of gravity and buoyancy, primary and secondary Bjerknes forces shows that bubble-laden particles can be attracted by the rising bubbles under large acoustic forces. This study highlights the potential for USW technology to achieve efficient bubble-particle interactions in flotation. 相似文献
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The motion and the energy of electrons driven by the ponderomotive force in linearly polarized high-intensity laser standing wave fields are considered. The results show that there exists a threshold laser intensity, above which the motion of electrons incident parallel to the electric field of the laser standing waves undergoes a transition from regulation to chaos. We propose that the huge energy exchange between the electrons and the strong laser standing waves is triggered by inelastic scattering, which is related to the chaos patterns. It is shown that an electron's energy gain of tens of MeV can be realized for a laser intensity of 1020 W/cm2. 相似文献
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The coalescence process of binary droplets in oil under ultrasonic standing waves was investigated with high-speed photography. Three motion models of binary droplets in coalescence process were illustrated: (1) slight translational oscillation; (2) sinusoidal translational oscillation; (3) migration along with acoustic streaming. To reveal the droplets coalescence mechanisms, the influence of main factors (such as acoustic intensity, droplet size, viscosity and interfacial tension, etc) on the motion and coalescence of binary droplets was studied under ultrasonic standing waves. Results indicate that the shortest coalescence time is achieved when binary droplets show sinusoidal translational oscillation. The corresponding acoustic intensity in this case is the optimum acoustic intensity. Under the optimum acoustic intensity, drop size decrease will bring about coalescence time decrease by enhancing the binary droplets oscillation. Moreover, there is an optimum interfacial tension to achieve the shortest coalescence time. 相似文献
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驻波声场中悬浮临界密度及稳定性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以声场中物体为研究对象,理论上得到行波和驻波场中的声辐射压力方程.在驻波声场中引入临界悬浮密度概念,可作为物体能否在非线性声场中悬浮的判据,同时给出谐振腔移动速度的最大范围.更进一步,以实验参数作为数值计算的输入来指导实验,并结合实验结果讨论了驻波声场中样品密度和大小、发射面和反射面形状以及两者之间的距离、反射面的尺寸等因素对物体悬浮稳定性的影响,发现当物体尺寸和密度确定时,调控好谐振腔的长度,增加波腹处的声压是提升声悬浮稳定性的有效手段. 相似文献
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研究早期诊断骨疲劳的方法是当前骨质评价方面的研究热点之一. 本文对不同弹性模量下长骨中超声导波的传播特性进行了理论分析和仿真研究.首先, 通过数值计算得到导波在管状长骨中的理论解析解.然后对管状长骨进行了时域有限差分(FDTD) 仿真, 并验证了它与理论解析解的一致性, 同时得到长骨中不同模式导波群速度、 中心频率和衰减与弹性模量的关系.研究结果表明各个导波模式的群速度和中心频率均随弹性模量的增加而增加, 而衰减随弹性模量的增加而减小.说明超声导波的传播特性参量可以反映长骨弹性模量的变化, 从而为长骨的早期疲劳诊断提供理论依据. 相似文献