High spin states in121Te

High spin states of¹²¹Te, populated in the¹¹⁴Cd(¹¹B,p3n) reaction, have been studied throughγ-ray spectroscopy. The level scheme has been established up toJ ^π=51/2^?. Three-quasiparticle states, based on the πg _7/2 ²?νh _11/2 andπg _7/2 d _5/2?νh _11/2 configurations, have been identified. A favoured 39/2^? state is suggested to be the fully aligned [πg _7/2 ²]₆₊?[νh _11/2 ³ _27/2? yrast non-collective oblate configuration. This assignment is supported by Total Routhian Surface (TRS) calculations which also suggest a similar oblate assignment to the states atJ ^π=21/2^? and 23/2^?. A higher 47/2^? state is also found and is suggested to be the fully aligned [πg _7/2 ²]₆₊?[νh _11/2 ⁵]_35/2? configuration.     

Analysis of the Fourier transform spectrum of 13C18O2 in the 4.3- and 16-μm regions

Fourier transform spectra have been obtained for ¹³C¹⁸O₂ in the regions of ν₂ (16 μm) and ν₃ (4.3 μm) at a resolution of 0.04 cm^?1. From a least-squares fit of the P- and R-branch lines for the transitions, values have been calculated for the rotational constants B, the centrifugal distortion constants D, and the band origins. Based on the derived constants, the calculated wavenumbers for the P and R lines of both the 01¹0-00⁰0 and 00⁰1-00⁰0 transitions agree with the observed positions within ±0.003 cm^?1. We have also observed the difference bands ν₁-ν₂ and the hot bands (ν₃ + ν₂) ? ν₂. From an analysis of these transitions we have determined values for the l-doubling constants for ν₂ and the location of the inactive fundamental ν₁.     

Microwave vibration rotation spectrum of diacetylene

Microwave spectrum of diacetylene (HCCCCH) arising from vibration-rotation transitions between closely lying excited vibrational states was observed. The ν₈-ν₆ band which has been reported in our previous paper was reinvestigated in a frequency region extended to 175 GHz, where ν₆ and ν₈ respectively represent the symmetric (π_g) and antisymmetric (π_u) CCH bending vibrations. The ν₈ + ν₉ ? ν₆ ? ν₉ band, where ν₉ is the lowest frequency (220 cm^?1) bending mode with π_u symmetry, was newly identified. Precise molecular constants associated with the ν₈ - ν₆ band and the three subbands Σ_g⁺ - Σ_u⁺, Σ_g^? - Σ_u^?, and Δ_g - Δ_u of the ν₈ + ν₉ ? ν₆ ? ν₉ band were determined by least-squares analyses. l-Type resonance interactions in the ν₆ + ν₉ and ν₈ + ν₉ vibrational states were analyzed. Also, a Fermi resonance which perturbs the Σ_g⁺ substate of the ν₈ + ν₉ state was discussed. The transition dipole moments were determined from the Stark effect for the Σ_g⁺ - Σ_u⁺ and Σ_g^? - Σ_u^? subbands of ν₈ + ν₉ ? ν₆ ? ν₉.     

Fluoroform: The polyad at 8–9 μm

A high-resolution Fourier transform spectrum of CF₃H has been analyzed in the region of the interacting bands ν₂, ν₅, and ν₃ + ν₆. Several interactions were successively introduced in the model. In a first step, only the X-Y Coriolis interaction between ν₅ and ν₂, the Fermi term between ν₅ and ν₃ + ν₆ and the l(2, 2) resonance within ν₃ + ν₆ were used. Later the l(2, ?1) interaction within ν₅ and finally the accidental l(1, ?2) interaction between ν₂ and ν₅ were added. Finally, more than 2000 energy levels were fitted with a standard deviation of 0.5 × 10^?3 cm^?1.     

Analysis of the Raman spectrum of SF6

The Raman active fundamentals ν₁(A1g), ν₂(Eg), ν₅(F2g), and the overtone 2ν₆ of SF₆ have been investigated with a higher resolution and the band origins were estimated to be: ν₁ = 774.53 cm^?1, ν₂ = 643.35 cm^?1, ν₅ = 523.5 cm^?1, and 2ν₆ = 693.8 cm^?1. Raman and infrared data have been combined for estimation of several anharmonicity constants. The ν₆ fundamental frequency is calculated as 347.0 cm^?1. From the analysis of the ν₂ Raman band, the following rotational constants of both the ground and upper states have been calculated:

$\text{B}{}_0\text{= 0.09111 ± 0.00005}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}\text{; D}{}_0\text{= (0.16±0.08)10}{}^{\mathrm{?7}}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$

;

$\text{B}{}_2\text{= 0.09116 ± 0.00005}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}\text{; D}{}_2\text{= (0.18±0.04)10}{}^{\mathrm{?7}}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$

.     

Nuclear levels in 238Np

Low and high energy spectra from thermal neutron capture in ²³⁷Np have been studied over the energy ranges 25 to 650 keV and 2600 to 5500 keV. Primary transitions from neutron capture in four resonances have been observed between about 4800 and 5400 keV. Using 12 MeV deuterons, (d, p) spectra at three angles have been observed with a magnetic spectrograph. A nuclear level scheme for ²³⁸Np has been constructed by combining the results of the above measurements with previous data from a study of the ^242mAm α-decay. The Nilsson model has been used to interpret the level structure. Including results from the previous α-decay study, nine rotational bands can be assigned. The Nilsson configurations (K^π [Nn₃ΛΣ]) and band-head energies are: 2⁺π[642↑]?ν[631↓], 0.0 keV; 3⁺π[642↑]+ν[631↓], 86.6 keV; 3^?π[523↓]+ν[631↓], 136.0 keV; 2^?π[523↓]?ν[631↓], 182.8 keV; 5⁺π[642↑]+ν[622↑], 278.1 keV; 0⁺π[642↑]?ν[622↑], 332.5 keV; 5^?π[523↓]+ν[622↑], 342.6 keV; 0^?π[523↓]?ν[622↑], 286.0 keV; 6^?π[642↑]+ν[743↑], 301 keV. The measured (d, p) reaction cross sections are compared with theoretical calculations based on these assignments. The Gallagher-Moszkowski rule is found to be valid in the four cases where we have observed both parallel and antiparallel coupled bands with $\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{= Ω}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>p</mtext>}}\text{+Ω}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>n</mtext>}}$ and $\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{= |Ω}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>p</mtext>}}\text{?Ω}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>p</mtext>}}\text{|}$. The lowest levels of the two K = 0 bands have spin I = 1; Newby odd-even shifts can be determined in both cases.     

Collective and intrinsic structures in 183W

The structure of ¹⁸³W has been studied by employing the ¹⁷⁶Yb(¹⁴C,α3n) reaction at 68 MeV. Five previously known rotational structure with one-quasiparticle configurations have been extended to higher spin states, and five new rotational bands with three- and five-quasiparticle configurations and a γ-vibration of a one-quasiparticle structure have been newly identified. In the ν7/2⁻[503] and ν11/2⁺[615] rotational structures, a signal of an admixture of an octupole-vibrational structure has been observed in their in-band B(M1)/B(E2) ratios and g_K factors. In the K^π=19⁻ rotational band, a Coriolis effect on the ν1/2⁻[510] neutron has been identified. In all, 17 K-forbidden transitions have been observed. Energies of intrinsic states below 4 MeV have been calculated based on the Blocked BCS theory, and they are used in support of the configuration assignments.     

Tunable laser study of the ν10 + ν11 band of cyclopropane

Diode laser measurements of the ν₁₀ + ν₁₁ (l_tot = ±2) perpendicular band of cyclopropane have led to the assignments of roughly 600 lines in the 1880–1920-cm^?1 region. Most of the spectra were recorded and stored in digital form using a rapid-scan mode of operating the laser. These spectra were calibrated, with the aid of a computer, by reference to the R lines of the ν₁ + ν₂ band of N₂O. The ground state constants we obtained are (in cm^?1) B = 0.670240 ± 2.4 × 10^?5, D_J = (1.090 ± 0.054) × 10^?6, D_JK = (?1.29 ± 0.19) × 10^?6, D_K = (0.2 ± 1.1) × 10^?6. The excited state levels are perturbed at large J values, presumably by Coriolis couplings between the active E′(l_tot = ±2) and the inactive A′(l_tot = 0) states. Effective values for the excited state constants were obtained by considering only the J < 15 levels. The A₁-A₂ splittings in the K′ = 1 excited states were observed to vary as q_effJ(J + 1), with q_eff = (2.17 ± 0.17) × 10^?4 cm^?1.     

FastM1 transitions in85Rb

Excited states in⁸⁵Rb have been studied via the⁸²Se(⁷Li, 4n) reaction by using in-beamγ-ray spectroscopy. On the basis of new experimental data on coincidence relations, angular distributions and linear polarizations of theγ-rays the yrast sequence has been extended up to a 33/2⁺ level at 7.1 MeV excitation energy. Using the DSA method mean lifetimes have been determined for 9 levels. Above the 21/2⁺ yrast state 5 fast M1 transitions withB (M 1) ≧0.3 W.u. have been identified. They are interpreted as transitions between recoupled states of the configuration πg_9/2ν(g_9/2) ₈₊ ^?2 or πg_9/2(f ₅ ² /?1p ₃ ^2?1 )₄₊ν(g_9/2) ₈₊ ^?2 .     

Charge carrier mobility in crystals of the Pb<Subscript>0.67</Subscript>Cd<Subscript>0.33</Subscript>F<Subscript>2</Subscript> superionic conductor

The frequency (ν = 10^?1–10⁷ Hz) dependences σ(ν) of the conductivity of single crystals of the Pb_0.67Cd_0.33F₂ superionic conductor with the fluorite-type structure (CaF₂) in the temperature range of 132–395 K have been studied. The dependences σ(ν) have been discussed in the framework of the hopping relaxation of ionic carriers, which are mobile anions F^?. From experimental curves σ(ν), the direct-current (dc) conductivity σ_dc and the average charge carrier hopping frequency ν_h have been determined. This has made it possible to calculate the charge carrier mobility μ_mob and charge carrier concentration n _mob in these crystals. At room temperature (293 K), the electrical parameters are σ_dc = 1.6 × 10^?4 S/cm, ν_h = 2.7 × 10⁷ Hz, μ_mob = 2.0 × 10^?7 cm²/(s V), and n _mob = 5.1 × 10²¹ cm^?3.     

Nuclearg-factors of theJ π=21/2+isomer in112In and theJ π=6+ 112Sn

Theg-factor of theJ ^π=21/2⁺ isomeric state in¹¹¹In (T _1/2=13.3 ns) and of theJ ^π=6⁺ isomeric state in¹¹²Sn (T _1/2=13.7 ns) were measured using the spin rotation method. The result obtained for theJ ^π=21/2⁺ level in¹¹¹In,g=+0.47 (2), indicates that this state has an almost pure ((πg _9/2)^?1 νg _7/2 νd _5/2) shell model configuration. The experimental valueg=+0.04 (3) for theJ ^π=6⁺ isomer in¹¹²Sn agrees with the theoretical value calculated within the frame of the BCS model.     

Higgs bosons and neutrinos in the left-right model

The left-right asymmetric model featuring the bidoublet and two triplets of Higgs fields is investigated. It was established that, from an analysis of the reaction l ^?γ → W ^?ν_l, it is possible to deduce not only information about the properties of the singly charged Higgs bosons $\tilde \delta ^{( - )} $ and h ^(?) but also an answer to the question of whether the neutrino is a Majorana or a Dirac particle. The processes $f_i \bar f_j \to \Delta _1^{( - - )} \tilde \delta ^{( + )} $ and e^?μ^? → Δ _1,2 ^(—) γ leading to the production of doubly charged Higgs bosons are investigated. It is shown that information about the properties of singly charged Higgs bosons can also be obtained by studying the ultrahighenergy cosmic neutrinos from the reaction e ^?ν _e →μ^?ν_μ.     

Wavenumbers,line strengths,and assignments in the Doppler-limited spectrum of formaldehyde from 2700 to 3000 cm−1

The spectrum of H₂CO from 2700 to 3000 cm^?1 has been examined at Doppler-limited resolution using a tunable difference frequency laser spectrometer at Lincoln Laboratory. The wavenumbers and strengths of 4350 absorptions have been determined with an accuracy of 0.001 cm^?1 and 5%, respectively. These data have been incorporated into the analysis of lower-resolution data from Florida State University to assign 72% of the observed absorptions to one of seven bands: ν₃ +ν₄ (a C-type band at 2655 cm^?1), ν₃ + ν₆ (a B-type band at 2719.156 cm^?1), ν₁ (an A-type band at 2782.457 cm^?1), ν₅ (a B-type band at 2843.326 cm^?1), ν₂ + ν₄ (a C-type band at 2905 cm^?1), 2ν₃ (an A-type band at 2999.5 cm^?1) and ν₂ + ν₆ (a B-type band at 3000.066 cm^?1). The band ν₃ + ν₄ has been observed for the first time, and the band center for 2ν₃ has been corrected from a value of 2972 cm^?1 to the value listed above. The effects of strong Fermi and Coriolis resonances on the spectra are discussed.     

Spin-Hamiltonian parameters and local rotational order parameters for Gd ion in the tetragonal phase of SrTiO3 crystal

Using a diagonalization method, the spin-Hamiltonian parameters (g factors g_||, g_⊥ and zero-field splittings b₂⁰, b₄⁰, b₂⁴, b₆⁰, b₆⁴) for Gd³⁺ ion at the 12-fold coordinated Sr²⁺ site in the tetragonal phase of SrTiO₃ at T≈4.2 and 77 K are calculated in a unified way. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. The local rotational order parameters ?_l of Gd³⁺ center at the two temperatures are also obtained from the calculations. It is found that the local rotational order parameters ?_l of Gd³⁺ impurity center at both temperatures are different from the corresponding parameters ?_h in the host SrTiO₃ crystal and the changes of spin-Hamiltonian parameters with temperature are caused by the change of local rotational order parameter?_l with temperature. The results are discussed.     

The ν7 vibrational states of C3O2: A least-squares fit of the rigid-bender model to the v7ν7l7 energies and rotational constants

The rigid-bender model is used to treat the large-amplitude, low-frequency, bending vibration ν₇ of C₃O₂. Different parameterizations of the bending potential function are considered, and a simple two-term power series is found to give the best fit. With this parameterization, using a least-squares fit to energies and B values, the ν₇ potential function is determined for the ground state as well as for the states in which ν₂, ν₃, ν₄, ν₆, 2ν₆, ν₁ + ν₃, ν₁ + ν₄, ν₂ + ν₃, and 2ν₂ + ν₄ are excited. The excitation of other vibrations has in some cases a drastic effect on the ν₇ potential. In the ground state the potential has a 29 cm^?1 barrier at the linear position, in ν₁ + ν₃ the barrier increases to 79 cm^?1, while in 2ν₂ + ν₄ the barrier vanishes. An equilibrium potential is determined by correcting the ground state potential for the effects of zero-point motion of the normal vibrations ν₁, …, ν₆. This potential has a 35.6-cm^?1 barrier with a minimum at α = 11.14°, where 2α is the angular deviation from linearity. The model accurately predicts the quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion terms for the low-lying v₇ν₇^l₇ states. Second-order l-type coupling is included in the calculations of the quartic terms. The effects of this coupling, which are most pronounced for the ν₇ ≥ 2 states, adequately explain the negative D term recently reported for the ν₂ + 4ν₇⁰ state.     

Analysis of the ν9 and ν10 bands of cyclopropane

The infrared spectrum of gaseous cyclopropane has been measured in the regions 980–1080 and 1400–1500 cm^?1, containing the ν₁₀ and ν₉E′ fundamental bands, respectively, using a high-resolution Fourier transform instrument. Deconvolution was used to enhance the resolution in the crowded parts of the spectrum to ～0.0020–0.0025 cm^?1. Apart from the rotational l-resonance affecting mainly the low-K subbands, the ν₉ band is strongly perturbed by Fermi resonance with the 2ν₁₄² state lying ～41 cm^?1 above. The effects of the Fermi resonance are most pronounced in the high-KΔK = +1 subbands as the 2ν₁₄^?2 levels would cross the ν₉⁺ levels near K = 30. ^rR lines of 2ν₁₄^?2 for K = 24 to 36, enhanced by the resonance, have been identified in the region 1469–1475 cm^?1 of the spectrum. Two extra perturbation-enhanced subbands are found adjacent to the K = 16?17 and K = 17?16 subbands of ν₉: these have been ascribed to the K = 18?17 transitions in 2ν₁₄^?2 and to the K = 19?16 transitions in $\text{ν}{}_2\text{2ν}{}_{14}{}^0$, respectively, as their upper states coincide with the corresponding levels ν₉^?(K = 16) and ν₉⁺(K = 17). A combination of l-resonance and Fermi resonance is mainly responsible for the interactions causing the perturbations and appearance of the extra subbands, but a direct rotational interaction 〈ν₉^?(K)|h₃|2ν₁₄^?2(K + 2)〉 also had to be introduced to accurately account for the observations. In contrast, the ν₁₀ band is not appreciably perturbed by other states and merely exhibits effects of strong l-resonance in the low-K subbands, and K-doubling of the high-J lines of the K = 2–3 subband. A detailed analysis of the spectrum and of the perturbations is described and sets of accurate spectroscopic constants are reported for ν₁₀ and ν₉ as well as for the perturbing state 2ν₁₄², which reproduce 3020 observed lines of the ν₁₀ band with a standard deviation of 0.0008 cm^?1 and 1810 lines of ν₉ with a standard deviation of 0.0010 cm^?1.     

The perpendicular band ν14 of benzene near 10 μm

The perpendicular band of the E_1u vibration ν₁₄ of C₆H₆, with band origin at 1038.2670 cm^?1, was measured on a Bomem high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer with a 246-cm optical path difference. The spectrum was deconvolved to an effective linewidth of ～0.002 cm^?1. A total of 135 subbands have been assigned in the ν₁₄ band. The band was found to be remarkably free of perturbations by other states. A Hamiltonian matrix of order 2, including merely the rotational l-type resonances between the ν₁₄⁺(J, K) and ν₁₄^?(J, K ? 2) levels, was used for the treatment of the upper states of this band. A set of accurate spectroscopic constants was obtained, which reproduces a total of 3258 measured lines with an over-all standard deviation of 0.0006 cm^?1.     

Low-lying intrinsic energy levels in the nucleus170Ho

The band-head energies of the two-quasiparticle states expected in the doubly odd deformed nucleus¹⁷⁰Ho are calculated for a zero range residual interaction. The results are compared with the available experimental information. It is concluded that the ground state has the Nilsson configuration 6⁺{7/2^?[523↑] _p }+5/2[512↑] _n being the 2.76m isomer whereas the 43s isomer is the 1⁺ ∑=0 state arising from the same configuration and lies at about 100 keV excitation energy in agreement with the experiment. The first excited state in this nucleus is predicted to be the 4^?{3/2⁺[411↑] _p +5/2^?[521↑] _n } state close to the ground state with the corresponding 1^? ∑=0 member expected to appear well above the 1⁺ isomer.     

Vibrational spectra and force constants of symmetric tops: High-resolution spectra of H374Ge35Cl in the ν1ν4 region near 2100 cm−1

The gas-phase infrared spectrum of monoisotopic H₃⁷⁴Ge³⁵Cl has been studied in the ν₁, ν₄ region near 2100 cm^?1 with a resolution of 0.008 cm^?1. Rotational fine structure for ΔJ = ±1 branches has been resolved for both fundamentals. ν₁ (a₁), 2119.977 03(19) cm^?1; and ν₄ (e), 2128.484 65(8) cm^?1 are weakly coupled by Coriolis x,y resonance, Bξ_1,4^y 2.6 × 10^?3 cm^?1, and l-type resonance within ν₄, q₄⁽⁺⁾ ?8.4 × 10^?6 cm^?1, has been observed. An extended Fermi resonance with ν₅^±1 + 2ν₆^±2, which mainly affects the kl = ?14 and ?15 levels of ν₄, has been detected and analyzed. In addition, several weak and local resonances perturb essentially every K subband of ν₄ and some of ν₁, and a qualitative model is proposed to account for the features observed in the spectrum. Disregarding the transitions involved in local perturbations, the rms deviation of the fit to the remaining 2021 lines is σ = 1.34 × 10^?3 cm^?1.