医学超声空化的研究进展

本文介绍了近期医学超声空化研究的若干进展,着重概括了它的研究方法与基本结果,在此基础上提出了一些问题与看法。     

医学超声中的超声空化

本文全面地介绍了医学超声与超声空化的关系,综述了医学超声各个应用领域中有关超声空化的最新研究进展,讨论了超声空化在医学超声中的作用及研究超声空化对发展医学超声的重要意义.     

超声空化的研究方法及进展

综述了超声空化研究的各种方法及研究进展,总结了空化研究中存在的问题,简要介绍了超声空化在基因导入方面应用的新进展。     

增强超声空化效应的一个途径─—给空化声场一个随机微扰

在早期以声致发光和输入电功率之间关系的实验研究基础上,提出了给空化声场施加一个随机扰动,以提高高空化声场中声化学产额的动力学方法。对Ｎｏｌｔｉｎｇｋ－ｎｅｐｐｉｒａｓ方程进行了修正,增加了一个表征微扰的非线性项Ｆ‘（Ｒ０／ρＲ。并论述了如何在实验上实现从动力学角度增加声化学产额的途径。     

超声空化与声致发光

自然界中空化现象非常有趣。比如,有一种虾(叫卡达虾或枪虾)在遇到危险时,通过快速夹虾螯,发出声响以期吓退猎食者。这种声响有时很大,甚至大到扰乱水下声纳监听潜艇信号。这么大的声响不是虾螯互相碰撞发出的,而是虾螯闭合过程产生的微气泡发出的(图1)。如果学过流体的伯努利原理,我们知道流体快速流动导致压强降低,这也是飞机能飞的道理。快速夹螯,令其周围压强下降,微气泡自然膨胀。     

增强超声空化效应的一个途径─—给空化声场一个随机微扰

摘要在早期对声致发光和输入电功率之间关系的实验研究基础上，提出了给空化声场施加一个随机扰动，以提高空化声场中声化学产额的动力学方法．对Noltingk-Neppiras方程进行了修正，增加了一个表征微扰的非线性项产F'（R）／ρR．并论述了如何在实验上实现从动力学角度增加声化学产额的途径．     

超声空化引入物理实验教学的探讨

超声空化引入物理实验教学的探讨周辉，莫喜平，王双维（东北师范大学声学物理系，长春１３００２４）冯若（南京大学声学研究所，２１０００８）超声空化是指在超声场作用下，液体中微小气泡（常称为空化核）的生长、振荡及崩溃等一系列过程（１）．空化是声学与化学、生...     

超声空化的电化学检测及混响场空化效应的研究

本文提出并设计了超声空化的电化学检测法，实现了通过分析样品的电学量变化来检测声空化，通过对混响场空化效应的研究，定性分析解释了混响场中空化饱和现象? ?     

双泡超声空化计算分析

将由速度势叠加原理得到的双泡超声空化动力学微分方程归一化,通过matlab语言编程计算,分析了水中空化泡的线度、双泡间距、声压幅值、声波频率等因素对空化过程的影响. 在双泡超声空化动力学微分方程中引入双频超声,探讨了双泡双频超声问题. 研究表明泡的线度是决定空化特性的主要因素,声压幅值对空化特性的影响最大,其次是超声波的频率;双泡间的相互作用影响空化特性,这种影响随双泡间距的增大而减弱;双频超声对双泡空化特性的影响有限,这种影响在两超声分量的声压幅值相等时较强.关键词：超声空化双泡双频超声     

Sonoluminescence

Abstract

Sonoluminescence is the light emission phenomenon from collapsing bubbles in liquid irradiated by an ultrasonic wave. In the present review, theoretical and experimental studies of the two types of sonoluminescence [single‐bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) and multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL)] are described. SBSL is a sonoluminescence from a single stably pulsating bubble trapped at the pressure antinode of a standing ultrasonic wave. MBSL is a sonoluminescence occurring from many bubbles in liquid irradiated by an ultrasonic wave. The theoretical and experimental studies suggest that SBSL originates in emissions from plasma inside the heated bubble at the bubble collapse, whereas MBSL originates both in emissions from plasma and in chemiluminescence inside heated bubbles at the bubble collapse. Unsolved problems of sonoluminescence have also been explained in detail.     

空化泡液体外围压强的分布

本文从空化泡动力学理论出发,分别讨论了空化泡在压缩和膨胀时液体中的压强分布情况,并作了数值模拟。研究结果表明,空化泡在膨胀和压缩时其外围压强分布明显不同,不能将其一并而论。发现当空化泡的半径增大时液体的压强在不断变化,压强是先变小后变大。而且这个压强的变化还与待测点距空化泡的距离有关。当空化泡的半径在不断变小时外界的压强在不断增大,当空化泡刚开始压缩时液体中的压强变化情况不是很明显,但当空化泡的半径变到1μm时,空化泡外界压强出现明显变化。当空化泡压缩到较小时,此时再增加外界压强空化泡的半径也不会在有很大的变化。     

Acoustic cavitation structures produced by artificial implants of nuclei

High-density controllable bubble structures are produced in the vicinity of radiating surface by artificially implant nuclei. Two kinds of typical cavitation structures produced by artificially implant nuclei are investigated. The focusing action and the physical origin of jet-induced cone-like bubble structure are analyzed. The sonochemical activity of cavitation structures is measured by using the standard method of potassium iodide dosimetry. The controllability of cavitation bubble cluster in the acoustic field is also discussed in this work.     

Study of ultrasonic cavitation during extraction of the peanut oil at varying frequencies

The ultrasonic extraction of oils is a typical physical processing technology. The extraction process was monitored from the standpoint of the oil quality and efficiency of oil extraction. In this study, the ultrasonic cavitation fields were measured by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor. Waveform of ultrasonic cavitation fields was gained and analyzed. The extraction yield and oxidation properties were compared. The relationship between the fields and cavitation oxidation was established. Numerical calculation of oscillation cycle was done for the cavitation bubbles. Results showed that the resonance frequency, f_r, of the oil extraction was 40 kHz. At f_r, the voltage amplitude was the highest; the time was the shortest as reaching the amplitude of the waveform. Accordingly, the cavitation effect worked most rapidly, resulting in the strongest cavitation intensity. The extraction yield and oxidation properties were closely related to the cavitation effect. It controlled the cavitation oxidation effectively from the viewpoint of chemical and physical aspects.     

液体薄层中的超声空化*

液体薄层中的超声空化,因其边界及所处空间的特殊性,而呈现出非常独特的空化结构和演化行为,在超声清洗、超声钎焊、表面处理、近场声悬浮、超声化学等领域都有所应用。该文梳理了近几年该课题组在液体薄层中的超声空化研究中的一些成果,力图揭示液体薄层内空泡、空化云、空化场的运动和分布规律,及其产生、发展和演化过程,以期对液体薄层中的超声空化行为有一个相对清晰和完整的认识。     

声空化工程初步*

声空化气泡内的高温、高压和高密度是声空化工程的机理和基础。该文简要回顾了国内外声空化理论和实验研究的进展,针对当前在液体中进行工业规模声处理等声能应用方面的现状和存在的问题,提出了扩大声能应用的一种可能途径——声空化空间分布控制并在实验室内进行了实验研究。结果表明该方法具有可行性。在此基础上,文中给出了基于空化空间分布控制方法在稠油井口辅助降粘和高固污泥预处理方面取得声空化工程初步应用的两个例子。现场的试验结果表明,这两种声空化工程化样机在实际现场工况条件下,均取得了较好的应用效果。最后,对当前声空化工程应用前景进行了初步探讨。     

Dynamics and measurement of cavitation bubble

Based on the introduction of international progress, our investigations on acoustic cavitation have been reported. Firstly we considered the cavity’s dynamics under the drive of the asymmetrical acoustic pressure. An aspheric dynamical model was proposed and a new stable and aspheric solution was found in numerical simulation of the theoretical framework of the aspheric model. Then, a dual Mie-scattering technique was developed to measure the cavity’s aspheric pulsation. A significant asynchronous pulsation signal between two Mie-scattering channels was caught in the case of large cavity driven by low acoustic pressure. As a direct deduction, we observed an evidence of cavity’s aspheric pulsation. Furthermore, we studied the dependency of the asynchronous pulsation signal on the various parameters, such as the amplitude and frequency of the driving acoustic pressure, and the surface tension, viscosity and gas concentration of the liquid. Finally, we introduced a new numeric imaging technique to measure the shapes of the periodic pulsation cavities. The time-resolution was in the order of 20 ns, one order of magnitude lower than that in the previous work, say, 200 ns.