Investigation of magnetic transitions through ultrasonic measurements in double-layered CMR manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7

A polycrystalline, double-layered, colossal magnetoresistive manganite La_1.2Sr_1.8Mn₂O₇ is synthesized by sol-gel process and its magnetic and ultrasonic properties were investigated in the temperature range 80–300 K. The sample has Curie temperature at 124 K, where the sample exhibits a transition from paramagnetic insulator to ferromagnetic metallic state. The longitudinal sound velocity measurements show a significant hardening of sound velocity below T_C, which may be attributed to the coupling between ferromagnetic spins and longitudinal acoustic phonons. The magnetization and ultrasonic studies reveal the presence of secondary transition at ≈ 260 K in this sample. The present sound velocity measurement results confirm the reliability of ultrasonic investigations as an independent tool to probe magnetic transitions in manganites.     

Effect of Er doping on optical band gap energy of TiO2 thin films prepared by spin coating

In order to evaluate the effect of Er doping in the range of 0–1.0 mol% on optical indirect band gap energy (E_g) of the film, the Er-doped TiO₂ (Er-TiO₂) thin films were spin-coated onto fluorine-doped SnO₂ coated (FTO) glasses. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) results indicated that the films whose thickness was 550 nm consisted of pure anatase and FTO substrate. The anatase (101) TiO₂ peaks became broader and weaker with the rise in Er content. The apparent crystallite size decreased from 12 nm to 10 nm with increasing the amount of Er from 0 mol% to 1.0 mol%. UV–vis spectrophotometry showed that the values of E_g decreased from 3.25 eV to 2.81 eV with the increase of Er doping from 0 to 0.7 mol%, but changed to 2.89 eV when Er content was 1.0 mol%. The reduction in E_g might be attributed to electron and/or hole trapping at the donor and acceptor levels in the TiO₂ band structure.     

HL-2A装置YAG激光汤姆逊散射测量电子温度的初步结果

 叙述了激光汤姆逊散射的实验原理,介绍了HL-2A装置上改进后的激光汤姆逊散射系统。高脉冲功率Nd：YAG激光光源发出的1 064 nm的激光能很好地满足测量等离子体电子散射光的要求,硅雪崩光电二极管和窄带干涉滤波片组成的多色仪的使用,大大提高了散射光的测量效率。数据处理方法采用按测量误差进行权重分析的查表法,提高了数据处理的速度。最后介绍了各种放电条件下的单空间点电子温度的测量结果。     

The effect of pressure on bacteriophages

Abstract

Kinetic experiments and electron microscopy have been used to examine pressure induced inactivation of bacteriophages.     

光子晶体压力传感器的基本原理

通过研究一维光子晶体受压力后其光带隙性能的变化，提出了光子晶体压力传感器的原理.计算表明，压力的大小与禁带起始波长、截止波长和禁带宽之间呈简单的线性对应关系.这就提供了通过测量光带隙性能而感知外载荷或者通过施加载荷而调制光带隙性能的可能.由于光子晶体的结构周期和光波波长为一个数量级，也就有可能制造出一系列精巧的压力、温度传感器或者其他精密仪器. 关键词： 压力传感器 光子晶体 光带隙性能     

High pressure sintering behavior of polycrystalline diamond with tungsten

Polycrystalline diamond was investigated under high pressure and high temperature of 5.0 GPa and 1100–1500 °C in the presence of tungsten. In situ resistance measurements indicated that reactions between diamond and tungsten happened at about 960 °C. Phase analysis demonstrated that WC increased and meta-stability of W₂C decreased clearly at the higher temperature. It is clear from the characterization of the sintered body that the electrical resistance decreased and the density of specimens increased as the sintering temperature rose. The specimen sintered at 1500 °C has a homogeneous microstructure and good conductivity.     

Effect of monovalent metal substitution on the magnetocaloric effect of perovskite manganites Pr0.5Sr0.3M0.2MnO3 (M=Na,Li, K and Ag)

The influence of monovalent doping on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and refrigerant capacity or relative cooling power (RCP) of Pr_0.5Sr_0.3M_0.2MnO₃ (M=Na, Li, K and Ag) materials has been investigated. A large magnetocaloric effect was inferred over a wide range of temperature around the second order paramagnetic–ferromagnetic transition. The maximum magnetic entropy changes (ΔS_M) reached 1.8, 2.2, 1.6 and 2.1 J/kg K and the relative cooling power (RCP) approached 58.9, 59.3, 69.6 and 54.6 J/kg for Na, Li, K and Ag doped materials in the magnetic change of 15 kOe, respectively. According to the results determined by the Maxwell relation, the magnetic entropy change fits well with the Landau theory of phase transition above T_C for Pr_0.5Sr_0.3Li_0.2MnO₃. The large magnetic entropy change induced by low magnetic field suggested that these materials are beneficial for practical applications.     

The hydrogen‐bond effect on the high pressure behavior of hydrazinium monochloride

The first high pressure study of solid hydrazinium monochloride has been performed by in situ Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD) experiments in diamond anvil cell (DAC) up to 39.5 and 24.6 GPa, respectively. The structure of phase I at room temperature is confirmed to be space group C2/c by the Raman spectral analysis and Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern. A structural transition from phase I to II is observed at 7.3 GPa. Pressure‐induced position variation of hydrogen atoms in NH₃⁺ unit during the phase transition is attributed to the formation of N―H…Cl hydrogen‐bonds, which play a vital role in the stability and subsequent structural changes of this high energetic material under pressure. This inference is proved from the abnormal pressure shifts and obvious Fermi resonance in NH stretching mode of N₂H₅⁺ ion in the Raman experiment. Finally, a further transition from phase II to III accompanied with a slight internal distortion in the N₂H₅⁺ ions occurs above 19.8 GPa, and phase III persists up to 39.5 GPa. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An effect of particle size on the behavior of ferromagnetic materials

The dependence of magnetic behavior of media upon the particle/grain size is studied here. A model is presented to describe the behavior of nanomagnetic materials as a function of particle size. The model is applied to two types of experiments: (1) the decay rate of the magnetic aftereffect in nanomagnets and (2) the variation of spontaneous magnetization versus temperature. Both of these experiments show a deviation from the behavior of bulk media above a critical temperature.     

Combined effect of the transition layer and interfacial coupling on the properties of ferroelectric bilayer film

Within the framework of modified Ginzburg--Landau--Devonshire phenomenological theory, a ferroelectric bilayer film with a transition layer within each constituent film and an interfacial coupling between two materials has been studied. Properties including the Curie temperature and the spontaneous polarization of a bilayer film composed of two equally thick ferroelectric constituent films are discussed. The results show that the combined effect of the transition layer and the interfacial coupling plays an important role in explaining the interesting behaviour of ferroelectric multilayer structures consisting of two ferroelectric materials.     

静水压力对Al14Mn2P16磁光性质影响的密度泛函理论研究

采用第一性原理，研究不同静水压力（0~20 GPa）下Al₁₄Mn₂P₁₆的弹性与磁光性质.计算得到基态是铁磁态.弹性稳定性判据表明该体系是稳定的.研究发现磁矩随静水压力的增加而减小.静水压力低于5 GPa时，居里温度达到184 K，随着静水压力的增加略有下降；有趣的是，当静水压力高于5 GPa时，随着静水压力的增加，居里温度急剧下降，在18 GPa时消失.同时还发现随静水压力的增加可见光范围的吸收峰有明显的蓝移，当静水压力达到20 GPa时，可见光范围的吸收峰消失.     

基于偶联剂技术的光纤光栅压力传感实验研究

报道了利用偶联技术封装光纤光栅压力传感器的新方案.通过采用特殊聚合物材料将光纤光栅封装于金属管中,并采用偶联材料分别与聚合物和光纤以化学键偶联的工艺,解决了由于有机弹性体聚合物的弹性模量（1.2×105 N/m2）与光纤光栅的弹性模量(7×1010 N/m2)相差很大,在压强较大时易导致光纤光栅与聚合物材料之间的撕裂滑脱问题,改善了光纤光栅压力响应特性.封装后的光纤光栅压力的线性测量范围为0.04 MPa~0.6 MPa,压力响应灵敏度为－4.48 nm/MPa,与裸光栅压力响应灵敏度－0.003063 nm/MPa相比,增敏了1463倍.利用实验中所使用光谱仪0.05 nm的分辨率,压强测量准确度为±0.01 MPa,线性度为0.9978.     

Effects of pressure on the carrier behavior of HgSe

In situ Hall effect measurement of HgSe was conducted up to 31?GPa. It was found that the carrier parameters changed discontinuously at each phase transition. The resistivity variation under compression was described by the carrier parameters. The decrease in cinnabar mobility indicates that the interaction between the helical chains becomes stronger under pressure. Combining the results of experiment and theory calculation, it can be concluded that in the phase transition process from zinc blende through cinnabar to rock salt, if Hg atom is mainly displaced , hole will be generated and its concentration will increase; on the contrary, if Se atom is mainly displaced, electrons will be generated and their concentration will increase.     

温度和压力对Au反射特性影响及动高压下的测温应用分析

基于金属电子气模型,进行了温度、压力对Au反射率变化影响的研究与分析。利用DAC装置开展了压力对Au反射率变化测量实验,以及激光加热的动态温升条件下温度对Au反射率变化测量实验,获得了探测光束波长为488 nm条件下,温度(室温至350 ℃)和压力(11 GPa范围内)对Au反射特性影响的实验结果。结果表明：在11 GPa压力范围内,与温度因素相比,压力对Au的反射率变化影响可忽略;Au对488 nm波长激光的反射率变化趋势为单调递增,变化幅值达约10%,且具有反射率与温度的一一对应特性。通过动高压加载下材料温度瞬态测量要求分析,认为基于Au在488 nm波长下的反射变化特性,可建立一种适用于动高压加载下低温段(低于1000 K)的瞬态测温方法,用于解决材料动高压领域的瞬态测温技术难点。     

基于车载被动DOAS系统的化工园区甲醛柱浓度精确反演研究

甲醛（HCHO）是大气中含量最为丰富的羰基化合物,是非甲烷可挥发性有机化合物（NMVOCs）的最重要的中间产物之一,广泛参与大气中的光化学反应,同时也是气溶胶的重要前体物,在大气化学中承担了非常重要的作用。石油化工行业的VOCs类排放是城市大气中HCHO的重要来源,而目前化工园区中的HCHO等NMVOCs类污染物主要通过点式设备获取近地面浓度,缺乏立体监测数据。差分光学吸收光谱（DOAS）技术已成功应用于SO₂和NO₂等污染气体监测,甲醛由于其光学吸收强度相对较弱,反演波段内其他气体交叉干扰强,实际的监测应用相对较少。选取某石化企业,运用被动DOAS方法实现了甲醛柱浓度的精确反演。研究通过建立甲醛吸收截面与其他参与拟合气体吸收截面的二维相关性矩阵,选取甲醛吸收截面同其他气体吸收截面相关性最小的波段,即实现其他气体对甲醛的DOAS反演交叉干扰最小的波段的获取。同时选取外场实际采集的光谱,选择不同起始波段和截止波段做迭代DOAS反演,通过拟合残差来评估甲醛在不同波段的实际反演效果。在截面间交叉干扰小,拟合残差低的波段范围内,选择尽量宽的波段作为最佳的拟合波段,实现甲醛的精确DOAS反演。由甲醛同其他气体吸收截面的二维相关性矩阵结果,甲醛与NO₂,SO₂和O₃和O₄间在大部分波段内相关性均在0.5以下,交叉干扰小;甲醛同BrO在起始波长318～320 nm,截止波长340～346 nm以及起始波长330～334 nm,截止波长354～360 nm两个波段范围内截面间相关性小于0.5,适合作为HCHO的反演波段。通过选择不同起始波段和截止波段做甲醛的迭代DOAS反演,结合拟合截面相关性分析结果综合考虑,最终采用332.4～358.1 nm作为HCHO的反演波段,拟合残差在10-4量级。利用车载被动DOAS系统,通过建立吸收截面间二维相关性矩阵并通过实测光谱的迭代反演,获取了适用于该套系统的HCHO最佳拟合波段,拟合残差降低至10-4量级,在实现甲醛精确反演的基础上,结合系统GPS信息,获取了某化工企业甲醛柱浓度的空间分布,整个外场观测期间,HCHO的反演误差低于6%。结果表明,车载被动DOAS系统在快速获取化工园区甲醛空间分布信息上可以发挥重要作用,为城市大气中甲醛的立体监测提供了一种有效测量手段。     

工作压强对空心玻璃微球表面形貌和性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积-氧化烧结法,在不同工作压强条件下,制备了惯性约束聚变靶用空心玻璃微球（HGM）。利用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、VMR显微镜系统和能谱仪对HGM的表面形貌、球形度、壁厚均匀性以及成分进行了表征。分析了工作压强对HGM表面形貌、球形度、壁厚均匀性和成分的影响以及相互关系。研究表明：HGM的表面形貌随工作压强的增大而变得平滑致密,表面均方根粗糙度逐渐减小。随工作压强增大,HGM的球形度没有发生明显变化,而壁厚均匀性得到不断提高,微球中C元素浓度逐渐降低,Si元素浓度不断升高,O元素浓度基本保持不变。     

高气压Ar气对激光诱导Cu等离子体电子温度的影响

用高能量钕玻璃激光器产生的脉冲激光(0～25 J)烧蚀Ar气氛中的Cu靶,观测了激光诱导Cu等离子体的发射光谱强度随环境气压(0.1～0.5 MPa)的增强规律。为了探讨辐射增强的机理,在局部热平衡(LTE)近似条件下,测量了等离子体的电子温度随环境气压的变化。实验结果表明,等离子体的电子温度随着环境气压的升高而正比增加。为了进一步了解等离子体的空间行为,测量了Ar气气压分别为0.1,0.3,0.5 MPa时,等离子体电子温度的空间分布。