两步相移数字全息物光重建误差分析与校正

系统研究了两步相移数字全息干涉术中相移误差引起的波前再现误差的计算和校正方法. 基于衍射物光相位分布的随机性和振幅相位的相互独立性原理,介绍了相移数字全息中物光波前再现误差的表达形式,推导出步长为π/2的两步算法中物光重建误差的表达式. 通过进一步分析这一重建误差的结构和特点,结合物光表达式,给出了自动校正相移误差引起的波前重建误差的校正方法. 该方法无需增加测量,在未知相移误差大小的情况下,只对标准两步相移算法恢复的物光复振幅进行处理就可以实现对物光振幅和相位的同时校正. 计算机模拟结果表明,校正后可将 关键词： 相移干涉术 数字全息 物光重建 误差校正     

基于相位偏移干涉术的薄膜厚度测量方法

为解决薄膜厚度的高精度测量问题,提出一种基于相位偏移干涉术的薄膜厚度测量新方法,利用该方法对一个实际SiO₂薄膜样片进行测试,通过对所获取的干涉图进行相位解包及数据分析处理,实现对薄膜样片厚度的精确测试。结果表明：该方法具有非接触和测量精度高等优点,所测薄膜厚度的峰谷值为0.162μm,均方根值为0.043μm,为薄膜工艺的进一步研究提供了检测方法上的技术保障。     

Holographic interferometry with wavefront shearing

Application of the common path shearing interferometric techniques to holography to study the phase variations in transparent specimens is described. These shearing interferometers are less susceptible to vibration and other external disturbances. Real-time reconstructed interferograms are shown.     

Common-path phase-shift interferometry surface plasmon resonance imaging system

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and common-path phase-shift interferometry (PSI) techniques are integrated in a biosensing imaging system for measuring the two-dimensional spatial phase variation caused by biomolecular interactions on a sensing chip without the need for additional labeling. The common-path PSI technique has the advantage of long-term stability, even when it is subjected to external disturbances. Hence the system meets the requirements of the real-time kinetic studies involved in biomolecular interaction analysis. The proposed SPR-PSI imaging system demonstrates a detection limit of a 2 x 10(-7) refractive-index change, a long-term phase stability of 2.5 x 10(-4) pi rms for 4 h, and a spatial phase resolution of 10(-3) pi with a lateral resolution of 100 microm.     

Fast wavefront sensing using a hardware parallel classifier chip

In most applications of laser technology and optics the beam quality, the ability to focus a laser beam and the achievement of a good optical resolution play an important role. The compensation of distortions using adaptive optics requires fast wavefront measurement. Classical wavefront analysis schemes use matrix operations, which show a nonlinear computation time dependence with matrix size, making it difficult to achieve high-speed control loops at a high resolution. A novel wavefront sensor system is presented using a massively parallel k-nearest neighbor classifier chip in an embedded hardware setup. Our miniaturized sensor is able to detect one optical distortion within about 80 μs allowing its use for high-speed adaptive optics applications.     

Full-field refractive index measurement with simultaneous phase-shift interferometry

Using the phenomenon of total internal reflection and a beam splitting device, a technique of simultaneous phase-shift interferometry is proposed for measuring the full-field refractive index. Because this method applies a beam splitting device that mimics the characteristics of beam splitting and phase modulation, four interferemetric images of various phase distributions can be simultaneously captured. Therefore, this setup can avoid errors caused by non-simultaneous capturing of images and offers the benefits of high stability, ease of operation, and real-time measurement. Furthermore, using the phenomenon of total internal reflection, the phase difference between p- and s-polarized light varies considerably with the refractive index of a tested specimen. This can substantially increase the measurement resolution. The feasibility of this method is verified using an experiment, and the measurement resolution can be higher than 3.65 × 10⁻⁴ RIU.     

Aberration correction using a multi-segment mirror with feedback interferometry

A novel real-time aberration correction system using feedback interferometry and a multi-segment mirror for the wavefront corrector is described. The result is a simple and high-speed adaptive optics system demonstrating that feedback interferometry may potentially be an alternative method to conventional aberration correction techniques. Its high-speed processing and simplicity makes real-time correction practical. Our results show that the system can respond up to 37 Hz for sinusoidal phase variations with amplitude of one wavelength and improves Strehl ratio significantly.     

基于波长移相剪切干涉的准直波前重构技术

为了实现干涉仪出射准直波前的重构,提出了基于波长调谐移相的横向剪切干涉技术。干涉仪出射波前分别经楔板的前后表面反射,通过角锥棱镜返回后在干涉仪CCD上形成剪切干涉条纹。采用波长移相方法提取剪切干涉条纹的相位信息从而实现准直波前重构。分析相对剪切比对波面重构精度的影响,推导相对剪切比和其影响因素间的关系公式,给出波长移相中光程差常数分量的估算方法。测量干涉仪的三组出射波前,波前的峰谷值分别为3.22λ、2.10λ、0.83λ。该方法简化了传统测量干涉仪准直波前的横向剪切干涉装置,提高了测量精度,特别适合于测量波长移相干涉仪的出射波前。     

Liquid deformable mirror for high-order wavefront correction

We propose and demonstrate a novel liquid deformable mirror, based on electrocapillary actuation, for high-order wavefront correction. The device consists of a two-dimensional array of vertically oriented microchannels filled with two immiscible liquids, an aqueous electrolyte, and a viscous dielectric liquid, where the dielectric liquid overfills the top end of the channel and forms a thin layer on top. To remedy the poor reflectivity of pure liquids, a free-floating reflective membrane or a dye-coated liquid can be used. The proposed device offers several advantages for adaptive optics applications. These advantages include a high number of actuators, high stroke dynamic range, low power dissipation, fast response time, an initially flat surface, and low cost. However, the device is mainly suitable for dynamic wavefront correction and is limited by its orientation.     

Coherence and wavefront characterization of Si‐111 monochromators using double‐grating interferometry

A study of the coherence and wavefront properties of a pseudo‐channel‐cut monochromator in comparison with a double‐crystal monochromator is presented. Using a double‐grating interferometer designed for the hard X‐ray regime, the complex coherence factor was measured and the wavefront distortions at the sample position were analyzed. A transverse coherence length was found in the vertical direction that was a factor of two larger for the channel‐cut monochromator owing to its higher mechanical stability. The wavefront distortions after different optical elements in the beam, such as monochromators and mirrors, were also quantified. This work is particularly relevant for coherent diffraction imaging experiments with synchrotron sources.     

CCD非线性效应对剪切干涉法波前检测的影响

利用径向剪切干涉法检测高功率激光波前时,由于探测器CCD非线性效应,在频谱中引入了除基频外的二级、三级等高次频谱分量,增加了频谱混叠的可能,使得对有用信息提取困难,降低了波前检测精度。从理论上分析了CCD非线性效应产生高次频谱分量和导致频谱混叠的原因,给出非线性条件下避免频谱混叠的条件,提出了通过提高空间载频的方法来减小或消除CCD非线性效应导致的频谱混叠。计算机模拟和实验结果表明,该方法能够有效抑制频谱混叠并显著提高波前检测精度。     

CCD非线性效应对剪切干涉法波前检测的影响

利用径向剪切干涉法检测高功率激光波前时,由于探测器CCD非线性效应,在频谱中引入了除基频外的二级、三级等高次频谱分量,增加了频谱混叠的可能,使得对有用信息提取困难,降低了波前检测精度。从理论上分析了CCD非线性效应产生高次频谱分量和导致频谱混叠的原因,给出非线性条件下避免频谱混叠的条件,提出了通过提高空间载频的方法来减小或消除CCD非线性效应导致的频谱混叠。计算机模拟和实验结果表明,该方法能够有效抑制频谱混叠并显著提高波前检测精度。     

盲优化波前校正提高自由空间光通信光纤耦合效率

为了提高自由空间光通信系统的光纤耦合效率,介绍了一种新颖的基于盲优化波前校正的自适应光学系统。该系统不使用波前传感器,而是在信号进入接收端前,将畸变光信号分束后送入光电探测器,进行耦合效率计算;采用耦合效率的估计公式斯特列尔比为目标函数,用随机并行梯度优化算法最大化目标函数,以实时控制变形镜,从而使耦合进入单模光纤的光达到最优。数值结果表明,此系统能使光纤耦合效率从6%提高到约60%。     

盲优化波前校正提高自由空间光通信光纤耦合效率

为了提高自由空间光通信系统的光纤耦合效率,介绍了一种新颖的基于盲优化波前校正的自适应光学系统。该系统不使用波前传感器,而是在信号进入接收端前,将畸变光信号分束后送入光电探测器,进行耦合效率计算;采用耦合效率的估计公式斯特列尔比为目标函数,用随机并行梯度优化算法最大化目标函数,以实时控制变形镜,从而使耦合进入单模光纤的光达到最优。数值结果表明,此系统能使光纤耦合效率从6%提高到约60%。     

Harmonic source wavefront aberration correction for ultrasound imaging

A method is proposed which uses a lower-frequency transmit to create a known harmonic acoustical source in tissue suitable for wavefront correction without a priori assumptions of the target or requiring a transponder. The measurement and imaging steps of this method were implemented on the Duke phased array system with a two-dimensional (2-D) array. The method was tested with multiple electronic aberrators [0.39π to 1.16π radians root-mean-square (rms) at 4.17 MHz] and with a physical aberrator 0.17π radians rms at 4.17 MHz) in a variety of imaging situations. Corrections were quantified in terms of peak beam amplitude compared to the unaberrated case, with restoration between 0.6 and 36.6 dB of peak amplitude with a single correction. Standard phantom images before and after correction were obtained and showed both visible improvement and 14 dB contrast improvement after correction. This method, when combined with previous phase correction methods, may be an important step that leads to improved clinical images.     

包含波面校正的四程放大系统的准直问题研究

为了解决高功率激光系统中, 尤其是多程放大系统中波前畸变校正和光路准直之间的相互干扰问题, 针对包含自适应光学系统的四程放大系统, 利用菲涅耳衍射积分理论, 建立了310 mm×310 mm大口径光束的四程传输模型, 采用坐标扩展变换的方法解决了传统计算中同时需求近、远场高分辨率带来的计算量过大问题; 基于此模型, 比较了质心法、圆拟合法和纯相位匹配滤波等三种图像处理算法对存在波面差的光束的远场中心的处理精度; 分析了波面校正对焦斑位置的影响; 本文内容为四程放大系统准直调整方案的优化提供了重要依据. 关键词： 光束准直 坐标扩展变换 自适应光学 四程放大     

高功率激光装置中局部波前畸变的非线性传输

 根据高功率激光装置中强激光束传输的特点,建立了描述光束通过光学元件时引入的局部波前畸变模型,并利用纹波传输的线性化处理方法,研究了带有局部波前畸变的高强度光束的传输规律。以一个连续的非增益激光介质为例,用该模型进行数值模拟,给出了不同空间尺度的局部波前畸变的频谱分布、不同空间频率的纹波引起的振幅非线性增长曲线、不同B积分的非线性增益随光束传输距离的变化曲线,光束振幅非线性增益达到最大时光束的传输距离和标准传输距离不同时由局部波前畸变引入的振幅分布。研究表明为了防止光学元件损坏,应避免光学元件表面出现半径为0.5~2.0 mm的局部瑕疵。