槲皮素-铁配合物的光度法研究

在 p H=4 .0 5的 HAc- NH4 Ac缓冲体系中 ,槲皮素 ( Qu)与 Fe3+配位 ,该配合物在 4 30 nm处有最大吸收。 Fe3+的浓度在 2 .0× 10 -5— 1.2× 10 -4 mol· L-1之间与吸光度成线性关系 ,最低检出限为 2 .0× 10 -5mol· L-1。测得配合物的组成为 Fe3+∶ Qu=1∶ 2 ,稳定常数 K稳 =1.0× 10 8。     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,5-苯二酚分光光度法测定烟草样品中的钙

在 p H为 8.0的柠檬酸钠 -氢氧化钠缓冲介质中 ,Triton X- 10 0存在下 ,2 - (2喹啉偶氮 ) - 1,5苯二酚(QADHB)与钙反应生成 1∶ 1稳定配合物 ,λmax=5 5 5 nm,ε=4 .18× 10 4L· mol-1· cm-1。钙含量在 0 .1—2 5μg/ 2 5 m L的范围内符合比耳定律 ,方法用于烟草中钙含量的测定 ,结果令人满意。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定有机染料油溶红中八个杂质元素

本文提出用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 (ICP- AES)同时测定有机染料油溶红产品中 Fe、Al、Cu、Pb、 Zn、 Cr、 Mn、 Ti等八个杂质元素的分析方法。试样前处理采用 H2 SO4、 HNO3分步炭化 ,5 0 0℃灰化 ,灰分用 HCl+ H2 O2 预溶解 ,再用 VHCl∶ VHNO3 =1∶ 1混酸提取。该法检出限 :0 .15 (mg· L- 1 ) Fe;1.7×10 - 2 (mg· L- 1 ) Al;5 .0× 10 - 3 (m g·L- 1 ) Cu;0 .2 0 (mg· L- 1 ) Pb;2 .7× 10 - 2 (mg· L- 1 ) Zn;5 .7×10 - 3 (m g· L- 1 ) Cr;1.3× 10 - 3 (m g·L- 1 ) Mn;2 .1× 10 - 3 (mg· L- 1 ) Ti。精密度 RSD(n =5 ) 0 .8%～ 2 1.5 %。加标回收率 84.6 %～ 118.6 %。     

四氯对苯醌荷移分光光度法测定甲氧苄啶的含量

在乙醇溶液中甲氧苄啶与四氯对苯醌发生荷移反应 ,形成稳定的 1∶ 1络合物 ,最大吸收波长位于4 34.8nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为 ε=7.4 5 3× 10 2 L·mol-1·cm-1,甲氧苄啶含量在 30— 5 0 0 μg/m L范围内符合比耳定律 ,回收率为 99.82 %— 10 0 .3% ,相对标准偏差为 1.6 % (n=5 )。     

偶氮胂(Ⅲ)光度法测定催化剂中的镧

研究了分光光度法测定催化剂中的镧含量。在 p H=2 .8— 3.0条件下 ,镧与偶氮胂 ( )显色生成稳定络合物 ,最大吸收波长为 6 5 8nm,表观摩尔吸光系数 ε658=5 .2 3× 10 4L· mol-1· cm-1,线性范围为 0—5 0μg/2 5 m L ,相对标准偏差 <2 % ,加标回收率为 98%— 10 2 % ,方法准确、可靠。     

亚叶酸钙与对硝基酚荷移反应的研究

本文主要研究了在水溶液中亚叶酸钙与对硝基酚发生荷移反应生成稳定的 1∶ 1络合物 ,络合物的最大吸收波长为 4 0 2 .2 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为 ε=5 .2 5 5× 10 2 L· mol-1· cm-1,线性范围为 5 0—12 0 0 μg/ m L。回收率为 99.5 8%— 10 2 .6 0 % ,相对标准偏差为 1.4 3%。方法简单、快速、准确度高 ,可用于亚叶酸钙制剂含量的测定。     

天青Ⅰ分光光度法测定DNA

研究了生物染色剂天青 与脱氧核糖核酸在碱性条件下的结合反应 ,影响因素和最佳反应条件 ,建立了一种测定 DNA的新方法。在 p H=8.4的三羟甲基氨基甲烷 -盐酸 (Tris- HCl)缓冲溶液中 ,鱼精 DNA(fs DNA)及小牛胸腺 DNA(ct DNA)的线性范围分别为 0 .5— 10 .0 mg· L-1(fs DNA)、0 .5— 8.0 mg·L-1(ct DNA) ,相关系数为 0 .996 8(fs DNA)、0 .996 5 (ct DNA) ,表观摩尔吸光系数 ε60 9.90 nm(fs DNA) =2 .5×10 4L· mol-1· cm-1、ε60 9.90 nm(ct DNA) =3.1× 10 4L· mol-1· cm-1,用于合成样品的测定 ,结果令人满意     

微波消化-分光光度法测定铂

在盐酸介质中对氨基苯基亚甲基若丹宁 (ABR)与铂的显色反应 ,生成 2∶ 1稳定络合物 ,λmax=5 2 5 nm,ε=5 .98× 10 4L·mol-1·cm-1。铂含量在 0— 5 0 μg/ 2 5 m L范围内符合比耳定律 ,方法可用于催化剂中铂含量的测定。     

水环境中联苯三酚的化学发光分析研究

联苯三酚对KIO4氧化异硫氰酸异鲁米诺 (ITCI)化学发光新体系有显著的增强作用 ,由此建立了一种高灵敏的测定联苯三酚的化学发光分析新体系。测定联苯三酚的线性范围为 1 75× 10 -8～ 2 5× 10 -6mol·L-1,检测限为 3 4 9× 10 -9mol·L-1,精密度为 5 6 0 % (c=5× 10 -7mol·L-1,n =9) ;用该法对自来水中的联苯三酚进行测定 ,回收率为 94 0 %～ 112 0 % ,结果令人满意     

4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚光度法测定煤灰中钒

在 0 .6 mol· L-1的硫酸介质中 ,钒 - PAR-羟胺生成红色络合物 ,最大吸收波长为 5 5 0 nm,摩尔吸光系数ε=1.91× 10 4L· mol-1· cm-1,钒含量在 0— 80μg/ 2 5 m L范围内符合比耳定律。本方法灵敏、简便 ,用于测定煤灰中的钒 ,结果满意     

新型含能富勒烯衍生物的合成研究

 利用N-甲基甘氨酸、2,4-二硝基苯甲醛和C₆₀反应,合成分离出了含有两个硝基的新型富勒烯吡咯烷衍生物1,并对其工艺条件进行了研究,探讨了反应物剂量比、温度和时间对产物1产率的影响,得到了合成产物1的最佳工艺条件：反应物剂量比为1∶2∶6、温度为95 ℃、反应时间为40 h,此时产物1产率可达到65.8%（以消耗的C₆₀计）。同时用¹H NMR、FT-IR、MS、UV-Vis等光谱手段确定了产物1的分子结构。     

催化动力学分析法测定粗硒粉中微量碲的研究

提出基于Te(Ⅳ)催化S2-还原亚甲基蓝褪色反应,建立了新的测定微量碲的动力学分析方法。研究了催化反应条件,并测定了催化反应的表观活化能为68.94 kJ·mol-1,反应速率常数为1.63×10-2 s-1。Te(Ⅳ)浓度在20～220 ng·mL-1范围内服从比尔定律,回归曲线的线性方程为y=0.003 8x+0.219 1,相关系数r=0.999 5,方法的检出限为3.04 ng·mL-1。应用于粗硒粉中微量碲的测定,相对标准偏差为3.1%(n=7),加标回收率为98.4%～100.4%。     

Thermal decomposition of dichloroketene and its reaction with H atoms

The thermal unimolecular decomposition of dichloroketene CCl₂CO → CCl₂ + CO (reaction 1) was studied experimentally and computationally. Dichloroketene was produced by the pulsed laser photolysis of hexachloroacetone, and the kinetics of its decay due to reaction 1 was monitored using photoionization mass spectrometry. Rate constants of reaction 1 were determined in direct time-resolved experiments as a function of temperature (740–870 K) and bath gas density ([He] = (3–25) × 10¹⁶ atom cm⁻³, [N₂] = 12 × 10¹⁶ molecule cm⁻³). Reaction 1 is in the falloff region under these conditions. The potential energy surface (PES) of reaction 1 was studied using quantum chemical methods. The experimental k₁ (T, P) dependence was reproduced with an RRKM/master equation model based on quantum chemical calculations. Parameterized expressions for the rate constants of reaction 1 and the reverse reaction, that of CCl₂ with CO, were obtained over wide ranges of temperatures and pressures. The enthalpy of formation of CCl₂CO was determined in quantum chemical calculations. The kinetics of the reaction of dichloroketene with hydrogen atoms (reaction 2), an important channel of destruction of CCl₂CO in flames, was studied computationally. The PES of reaction 2 was studied using quantum chemical methods. Temperature and pressure dependences of the rate constants of the four dominant reaction channels were obtained in transition state theory and master equation calculations; the technique of isodesmic reactions for transition states was applied to the channel of Cl atom abstraction. Analysis of the experimental data and the computational models of reactions 1 and 2 demonstrates that thermal decomposition is a major pathway of destruction for dichloroketene in combustion systems.     

荷移分光光度法测定罗红霉素

本文研究确定了罗红霉素与甲酚红的荷移反应条件。在乙醇 丙酮介质中 ,罗红霉素与甲酚红在35℃的温度时发生荷移反应 ,产物的最大吸收波长为 456nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1 0 5× 1 0 4L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 ,罗红霉素的浓度在 0～ 80mg·L- 1 范围内与吸光度呈线性关系 ,相对标准偏差为 0 87% (n=6) ,回收率在 98%以上。测定了荷移络合物的组成比为 1∶1 ,探讨了反应机理 ,其中罗红素作为电子给予体、甲酚红作为电子接受体发生了电荷转移反应。     

荷移荧光光谱法测定杨树桑黄子实体的总黄酮

建立了荷移荧光光谱法测定杨树桑黄提取物中总黄酮含量的方法。以芦丁为对照品,1%三氯化铝为受电子试剂,测定荷移复合物荧光强度,并系统考察了荷移反应条件对荧光强度的影响。芦丁在4—20μg·mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,RSD为2.21%,平均回收率为100.3%。荷移反应后黄酮类物质产生荧光,可用于定量测定,方法简便、快速,适用于杨树桑黄总黄酮的含量测定。     

DFT studies on the cascade rearrangement reactions of the cubylcarbinyl radical

DFT (U)B3LYP calculations with the 6‐311 + G** basis set were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of cascade rearrangement reactions (involving eight reaction channels) of the cubylcarbinyl radical (radical 1 ). The rate constant for each reaction step was calculated on the basis of the conventional transition state theory. The reaction channel from radical 1 to the 4‐(4‐methylenecyclobut‐2‐enyl) radical is preferred kinetically, while the reaction channel from radical 1 to the 1‐homocubyl radical is unfavorable. The mechanism of the conversion from radical 1 to the tricyclic dienes radical, which is experimentally uncertain, is predicted to be a stepwise process with the methylenesecocubyl radical as an intermediate instead of a concerted reaction. The energy barrier and rate constant of the initial reaction step are evaluated to be 2.8 kcal/mol and 3.0 × 10¹⁰ s^?1, respectively, in excellent agreement with the corresponding experimental values. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于亚硝化反应分光光度法测定亚硝酸根

本文研究了在酸性介质中吖啶红与亚硝酸根发生亚硝化褪色反应的条件 ,建立了光度法测定亚硝酸根的新方法。最大吸收波长 5 2 5nm处的ΔA与亚硝酸根浓度在 0 0 2 5～ 0 5 μg·mL-1范围内成线性关系。用于水中NO-2 的测定 ,结果满意。     

A dissolution and reaction modeling for hydrolysis of TEOS in heterogeneous TEOS-water-HCl mixtures under ultrasound stimulation

A simplified dissolution and reaction modeling was employed to study the hydrolysis of heterogeneous tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)-water-HCl mixtures under ultrasound stimulation. The nominal pH was changed from 0.8 to 2.0. The acid specific hydrolysis rate constant was determined as k = 6.1 mol-1 1 min-1 [H+]-1 at 39 degrees C, in good agreement with the literature. Along the heterogeneous step of the reaction, the ultrasound maintains an additional quantity of water under a virtual state of dissolution besides the water dissolved due to the homogenizing effect of the alcohol produced in the reaction. The forced virtually dissolved water is probably represented by water at the TEOS-water interface during the heterogeneous step of the reaction. The mean radius of the heterogeneity represented by water dispersed in TEOS phase, while hydrolysis has not started yet, was evaluated as about 290 A. The HCl concentration accordingly increases the hydrolysis rate constant but its fundamental role on the immiscibility gap of the TEOS-water-ethanol system has not been unequivocally established.     

Reactivity of the insecticide chlorpyrifos‐methyl toward hydroxyl and perhydroxyl ion. Effect of cyclodextrins

The reactivity of Chlorpyrifos‐Methyl ( 1 ) toward hydroxyl ion and the α‐nucleophile, perhydroxyl ion was investigated in aqueous basic media. The hydrolysis of 1 was studied at 25 °C in water containing 10% ACN or 7% 1,4‐dioxane at NaOH concentrations between 0.01 and 0.6 M ; the second‐order rate constant is 1.88 × 10^?2 M ^?1 s^?1 in 10% ACN and 1.70 × 10^?2 M ^?1 s^?1 in 7% 1,4‐dioxane. The reaction with H₂O₂ was studied in a pH range from 9.14 to 12.40 in 7% 1,4‐dioxane/H₂O; the second‐order rate constant for the reaction of HOO^? ion is 7.9 M ^?1 s^?1 whereas neutral H₂O₂ does not compete as nucleophile. In all cases quantitative formation of 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol ( 3 ) was observed indicating an S_N2(P) pathway. The hydrolysis reaction is inhibited by α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrin showing saturation kinetics; the greater inhibition is produced by γ‐cyclodextrin. The reaction with hydrogen peroxide is weakly inhibited by α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), whereas γ‐cyclodextrin produces a greater inhibition and saturation kinetics. The kinetic data obtained in the presence of β‐ or γ‐cyclodextrin for the reaction with hydroxyl or perhydroxyl ion indicate that the main reaction pathway for the cyclodextrin‐mediated reaction is the reaction of HO^? or HOO^? ion with the substrate complexed with the anion of the cyclodextrin. The inhibition is attributed to the inclusion of the substrate with the reaction center far from the ionized secondary OH groups of the cyclodextrin and protected from external attack of the nucleophile. Sucrose also inhibits the hydrolysis reaction but the effect is independent of its concentration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

相转移催化合成2-羟基-1-萘甲醛及最佳工艺研究

利用相转移催化剂促进Reimer-Tiemann反应合成2-羟基-1-萘甲醛,系统的研究了原料配比、反应时间、反应温度,不同的相转移催化剂对Reimer-Tiemann反应的影响.研究结果表明:利用水浴加热,以无水乙醇作溶剂,碱性介质中,氯仿过量2-3倍,反应温度设置为75-80℃,2-羟基-1-萘甲醛的产率可达到45...