On intrinsic randomness of dynamical systems

We discuss the problem of nonunitary equivalence, via positivity-preserving similarity transformations, between the unitary groups associated with deterministic dynamical evolution and semigroups associated with stochastic processes. Dynamical systems admitting such nonunitary equivalence with stochastic Markov processes are said to beintrinsically random. In a previous work, it was found that the so-called Bernoulli systems (discrete time) are intrinsically random in this sense. This result is extended here by showing that a more general class of dynamical systems—the so-calledK systems andK flows—are intrinsically random. The connection of intrinsic randomness with local instability of motion is briefly discussed. We also show that Markov processes associated through nonunitary equivalence tononisomorphic K flows are necessarily non-isomorphic.Dr. Goldstein's research was supported in part by NSF Grant No. PHY78-03816.     

Dynamical structures fork-vector fields

A new class of dynamical structures that generalize electrodynamics is presented. In this construction the 1-jets of solutions are represented by a class ofk-vector fields that extend the notion of a Poisson structure to multivectors of degree greater than two. These objects function as tangent vectors to solutions. Although the dynamical equations are systems of partial differential equations, the formalism is very similar to mechanics.     

A class of nonmixing dynamical systems with monotonic semigroup property

In order to illustrate the class of conservative dynamical systems for which a Boltzmann entropy can be obtained under finite coarse-graining [2], we consider dynamical systems defined by the shift transformation on K , where K is any finite set of integers. We give a class of non-Markovian invariant measures that verify the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation (equivalent to a Boltzmann entropy) for any positive stochastic matrix and that are ergodic but not weakly mixing.     

Basin of attraction of cycles of discretizations of dynamical systems with SRB invariant measures

Computer simulations of dynamical systems arediscretizations, where the finite space of machine arithmetic replaces continuum state spaces. So any trajectory of a discretized dynamical system is eventually periodic. Consequently, the dynamics of such computations are essentially determined by the cycles of the discretized map. This paper examines the statistical properties of the event that two trajectories generate the same cycle. Under the assumption that the original system has a Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen invariant measure, the statistics of the computed mapping are shown to be very close to those generated by a class of random graphs. Theoretical properties of this model successfully predict the outcome of computational experiments with the implemented dynamical systems.     

Dynamical symmetries for superintegrable quantum systems

We study the dynamical symmetries of a class of two-dimensional superintegrable systems on a 2-sphere, obtained by a procedure based on the Marsden-Weinstein reduction, by considering its shape-invariant intertwining operators. These are obtained by generalizing the techniques of factorization of one-dimensional systems. We firstly obtain a pair of noncommuting Lie algebras su(2) that originate the algebra so(4). By considering three spherical coordinate systems, we get the algebra u(3) that can be enlarged by “reflexions” to so(6). The bounded eigenstates of the Hamiltonian hierarchies are associated to the irreducible unitary representations of these dynamical algebras. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Quantum completely integrable systems connected with semi-simple Lie algebras

The quantum version of the dynamical systems whose integrability is related to the root systems of semi-simple Lie algebras are considered. It is proved that the operators _k introduced by Calogero et al. are integrals of motion and that they commute. The explicit form of another class of integrals of motion is given for systems with few degrees of freedom.     

Noncommutative mean ergodic theory

Sufficient conditions are given to obtain two levels of ergodic behavior for a wide class of dynamical systems. The notion of substate is emphasized and shown to lead to a natural generalization for noncommutative systems of the mean ergodic theorem onL ₁. Applications to the time averaging of certain deviations from thermal equilibrium is mentioned.     

The Lax representation for an integrable class of relativistic dynamical systems

We exhibit the Lax pair for the class of relativistic dynamical systems recently introduced by Ruijsenaars and Schneider, whose equations of motion read, whereB is an arbitrary constant and the Weierstrass elliptic function.For the 3 academic years 1983–1986     

Statistical Physics on the Space (x, v) for Dissipative Systems and Study of an Ensemble of Harmonic Oscillators in a Weak Linear Dissipative Medium

We use the phase space position-velocity (x, v) to deal with the statistical properties of velocity dependent dynamical systems, like dissipative ones. Within this approach, we study the statistical properties of an ensemble of harmonic oscillators in a linear weak dissipative media. Using the Debye model of a crystal, we calculate at first order in the dissipative parameter the entropy, free energy, internal energy, equation of state and specific heat using the classical and quantum approaches. For the classical approach we found that the entropy, the equation of state, and the free energy depend on the dissipative parameter, but the internal energy and specific heat do not depend of it. For the quantum case, we found that all the thermodynamical quantities depend on this parameter. PACS: 05.20.Gg, 05.30.Ch, 05.20.-y, 05.30.-d     

A plethora of strange nonchaotic attractors

We show that it is possible to devise a large class of skew-product dynamical systems which have strange nonchaotic attractors (SNAs): the dynamics is asymptotically on fractal attractors and the largest Lyapunov exponent is non-positive. Furthermore, we show that quasiperiodic forcing, which has been a hallmark of essentially all hitherto known examples of such dynamics is not necessary for the creation of SNAs.     

A Class of Integrable Spin Calogero-Moser Systems

 We introduce a class of spin Calogero-Moser systems associated with root systems of simple Lie algebras and give the associated Lax representations (with spectral parameter) and fundamental Poisson bracket relations. The associated integrable models (called integrable spin Calogero-Moser systems in the paper) and their Lax pairs are then obtained via Poisson reduction and gauge transformations. For Lie algebras of A _n -type, this new class of integrable systems includes the usual Calogero-Moser systems as subsystems. Our method is guided by a general framework which we develop here using dynamical Lie algebroids. Received: 19 October 2001 / Accepted: 7 June 2002 Published online: 21 October 2002 RID="*" ID="*" Research partially supported by NSF grant DMS00-72171.     

Phase space classification of Kaluza-Klein cosmologies

This work provides an analysis of all possible solutions to the Einstein equations for a class of spatially homogeneous vacuum cosmological models with (Robertson-Walker) × (n-sphere) and (Robertson-Walker) × (n-sphere)×(torus) symmetries. Using qualitative theory of dynamical systems we show that classical evolution of the models can lead to contraction of the extra dimensions.     

A specific state variable for a class of 3D continuous fractional-order chaotic systems

A specific state variable in a class of 3D continuous fractional-order chaotic systems is presented.All state variables of fractional-order chaotic systems of this class can be obtained via a specific state variable and its (q-order and 2q-order) time derivatives.This idea is demonstrated by using several well-known fractional-order chaotic systems.Finally,a synchronization scheme is investigated for this fractional-order chaotic system via a specific state variable and its (q-order and 2q-order) time derivatives.Some examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization method.     

Gibbs states and equilibrium states for finitely presented dynamical systems

We studyfinitely presented dynamical systems (which generalize Axiom A systems) and show that the notions of equilibrium states and Gibbs states (for Hölder continuous functions) are equivalent. Our results extend those of Ruelle, Haydn, and others on Axiom A dynamical systems and statistical mechanics.     

Close-packed Dimers on the Line: Diffraction versus Dynamical Spectrum

The translation action of ℝ ^d on a translation bounded measure ω leads to an interesting class of dynamical systems, with a rather rich spectral theory. In general, the diffraction spectrum of ω, which is the carrier of the diffraction measure, lives on a subset of the dynamical spectrum. It is known that, under some mild assumptions, a pure point diffraction spectrum implies a pure point dynamical spectrum (the opposite implication always being true). For other systems, the diffraction spectrum can be a proper subset of the dynamical spectrum, as was pointed out for the Thue-Morse sequence (with singular continuous diffraction) by van Enter and Miȩkisz (J. Stat. Phys. 66:1147–1153, 1992). Here, we construct a random system of close-packed dimers on the line that have some underlying long-range periodic order as well, and display the same type of phenomenon for a system with absolutely continuous spectrum. An interpretation in terms of ‘atomic’ versus ‘molecular’ spectrum suggests a way to come to a more general correspondence between these two types of spectra.     

Local-Entire Cyclic Cocycles for Graded Quantum Field Nets

In a recent paper we studied general properties of super-KMS functionals on graded quantum dynamical systems coming from graded translation-covariant quantum field nets over ${\mathbb{R}}$ , and we carried out a detailed analysis of these objects on certain models of superconformal nets. In the present article, we show that these locally bounded functionals give rise to local-entire cyclic cocycles (generalized JLO cocycles) which are homotopy-invariant for a suitable class of perturbations of the dynamical system. Thus we can associate meaningful noncommutative geometric invariants to those graded quantum dynamical systems.     

HOW TO EXTEND ANY DYNAMICAL SYSTEM SO THAT IT BECOMES ISOCHRONOUS,ASYMPTOTICALLY ISOCHRONOUS OR MULTI-PERIODIC

We indicate how one can extend any dynamical system (namely, any system of nonlinearly coupled autonomous ordinary differential equations) so that the extended dynamical system thereby obtained is either isochronous or asymptotically isochronous or multi-periodic, namely its generic solutions are either completely periodic with a fixed period or tend asymptotically, in the remote future, to such completely periodic functions or are multi-periodic (or become multi-periodic only asymptotically, in the remote future). In all cases the scale of the periodicity can be arbitrarily assigned. Moreover, the solutions of the extended systems are generally well approximated by those of the original, unmodified, systems, up to a constant rescaling of the independent variable (time), as long as their evolution is considered over time intervals short with respect to the (arbitrarily assigned) periodicities characterizing the extended systems. Several examples are displayed. In some cases the general solution of these dynamical systems is also exhibited; in others, this is impossible inasmuch as the models being manufactured are extensions of dynamical systems displaying chaotic evolutions, such as, for instance, the well-known Lorenz model of 3 nonlinearly coupled ODEs.     

Statistics of Return Times:¶A General Framework and New Applications

In this paper we provide general estimates for the errors between the distribution of the first, and more generally, the K ^th return time (suitably rescaled) and the Poisson law for measurable dynamical systems. In the case that the system exhibits strong mixing properties, these bounds are explicitly expressed in terms of the speed of mixing. Using these approximations, the Poisson law is finally proved to hold for a large class of non hyperbolic systems on the interval. Received: 4 August 1998 / Accepted: 9 March 1999     

On the Dynamics of Kac p-Spin Glasses

This paper discusses the dynamical properties of p-spin models with Kac interactions. For large but finite interaction range R one finds two different well separated time scales for relaxation. A first short time scale, roughly independent of R, on which the system remains confined to limited regions of the configuration space and an R dependent long time scale on which the system is able to escape from the confining regions. I will argue that the R independent time scales can be described through dynamical mean field theory, while non-perturbative new techniques have to be used to deal with the R dependent scales.     

Calculating the C Operator in PT-symmetric Quantum Mechanics

It has recently been shown that a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H possessing an unbroken PT symmetry (i) has a real spectrum that is bounded below, and (ii) defines a unitary theory of quantum mechanics with positive norm. The proof of unitarity requires a linear operator C, which was originally defined as a sum over the eigenfunctions of H. However, using this definition it is cumbersome to calculate C in quantum mechanics and impossible in quantum field theory. An alternative method is devised here for calculating C directly in terms of the operator dynamical variables of the quantum theory. This new method is general and applies to a variety of quantum mechanical systems having several degrees of freedom. More importantly, this method can be used to calculate the C operator in quantum field theory. The C operator is a new time-independent observable in PT-symmetric quantum field theory.