盐卤硼酸盐化学——Ⅸ.MgB4O7-MgCl2-H2O体系结晶动力学研究

业经确定自日晒浓缩高含硼天然盐卤结晶析出的硼酸盐固相中,存在七水六硼酸镁(MgO·3B₂O₃·7H₂O)和氧柱硼镁石(2MgO·2B₂O₃·MgCl₂·14H₂O)。本工作配制了含5.12%MgO·2B₂O₃等的氯化镁近饱和MgB₄O₇-MgCl₂-H₂O合成卤水,在无扰动条件下使静置结晶析出硼酸盐。     

水合铵硼氧酸盐及其饱和溶液的FTIR和Raman光谱研究

研究了NH₄B₅O₈·4H₂O和(NH₄)₂B₈O₁₃·6H₂O及其饱和溶液于20℃的FTIR和Raman光谱,对振动频率进行了归属.根据振动光谱特征,预测(NH₄)₂B₈O₁₃·6H₂O中所含基本结构单元为[B₇O ₁₁(OH)·B(OH)₃]^2-.首次将Raman光谱中516cm^-1处的强散射峰归属为这一多聚硼氧配阴离子的对称脉冲振动峰,并对以上2种铵硼氧酸盐饱和溶液中硼氧配阴离子的存在形式{B(OH)₃,[B₃O₃(OH)₄]^-和[B₅O₆(OH)₄]^-}和相互作用机理进行了探讨.     

新晶态磷酸铝分子筛CFAP-6的合成与性质

磷酸铝分子筛是新的一类晶态无机材料.1982年美国联合碳化物公司首次公布了约廿种不同结构的磷酸铝分子筛的合成专利^[1],作者在研究P₂O₅-Al₂O₃-H₂O系统的水热合成中^[2],发现用Al₂(SO₄)₃溶液作为Al₂O₃源,固体(NH₄)₃PO₄·3H₂O作为P₂O₅源,加入适量的有机胺,也能合成分子筛相,新晶态分子筛CFAP-6就是用上述原料,在二正丁胺-(NH₄)₂O-P₂O₅-Al₂O₃-H₂O系统中水热合成的。     

两种基于B5On(n=11, 12)簇构筑的具有深紫外吸收的硼酸盐

以碱金属和碱土金属为模板, 在溶剂热条件下合成了两种具有深紫外吸收特性的硼酸盐Na₂Ba· [B₅O₈(OH)]₂·2H₂O(1)和KSr[B₅O₈(OH)₂](2), 并利用单晶X射线衍射(SCXRD)、 粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、 傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、 紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和热重分析(TG)等手段对化合物的结构和性能进行了研究. 结果表明, 化合物1可归属于单斜晶系P2/c空间群, 结构中四连接的B₅O₁₀(OH)簇单元通过共氧连接形成含有两种9-元环窗口的二维层; 化合物2结晶于单斜晶系C2/c空间群, 结构中四连接的B₅O₁₀(OH)₂簇单元则通过共氧交替连接构筑了罕见的含有8-/12-元环孔道的二维褶皱层. 两种基于B₅O_n(n=11, 12)簇单元构筑的化合物均具有低于200 nm的深紫外吸收边, 在紫外/深紫外区具有潜在的应用价值.     

新型分子筛CFAP-5和CFSAPO-5的合成与性质

新型AlPO₄分子筛CFAP-5和硅磷铝分子筛CFSAPO-5分别水热合成于Pr₃N(三丙胺)-Al₂O₃-P₂O₅-H₂O体系和Pr₂N-Al₂O₃-P₂O₅-SiO₂-H₂O体系中。反应物摩尔配比分别.为:Pr₃N:Al₂O₃:P₂O₅:H₂O=1:(1～1.2):1:(40～80)和Pr₃N:Al₂O₃:P₂O₅:SiO₂:H₂O=1:(1～1.2):1:(0.5～2):(40～80),反应温度140℃。二丙胺亦可作为模板剂。经XRD、IR、TG、DTA和吸附等研究证明,CFAP-5在300～450℃之间、CFSAPO-5在300～600℃之间经焙烧后生成的相应分子筛,最大吸附孔径为4.4～4.9Å。     

TiO2柱层状HTiNbO5的合成及在环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应中的催化性能

钛酸异丙酯(TIP)、CH₃COOH和H₂O按体积比1∶16∶40混合后得到Ti(Ⅳ)多聚阳离子柱化液, 与正癸胺插层钛铌酸盐进行交换反应后制得钛(Ⅳ)多聚阳离子插层钛铌酸盐, 其层间距为1.70 nm. 在空气气氛中于623 K焙烧处理后, 所得产品能保持良好的层柱结构. 在空气气氛中于723 K焙烧后所得的TiO₂柱层状钛铌酸(TiO₂-HTiNbO₅), 其层间距为0.97 nm, 比表面积为89 m²/g. 以TiO₂-HTiNbO₅为载体, 用浸渍法制备了一系列B₂O₃负载量不同的负载型样品B₂O₃/TiO₂-HTiNbO₅, 考察了它们在环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应中的催化性能并测试了它们的红外光谱. B₂O₃/TiO₂-HTiNbO₅的催化性能优于TiO₂-HTiNbO₅. 在B₂O₃负载质量分数为7.31%的催化剂上, 环己酮肟转化率接近100%且在4.5 h内无明显改变, 己内酰胺选择性接近90%. 红外光谱分析结果表明, 当B₂O₃负载量很低时, 硼组分高度分散于载体TiO₂-HTiNbO₅表面, 并主要以BO₄结构形式存在; 当B₂O₃负载质量分数高于7.31%时, BO₃结构形式在数量上占优势. 将催化性能与红外光谱结果关联后可知, 对于负载型样品B₂O₃/TiO₂-HTiNbO₅, 表面的BO₃和BO₄两种结构形式在环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应中具有协同促进作用.     

SAPO-34和SAPO-44分子筛膜的制备与表征

在Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₃PO₄-H₂O有机胺体系中,利用水热法在陶瓷基片上制得了SAPO-34和SAPO-44分子筛膜.通过XRD,SEM分析对所制备的分子筛膜进行了表征,并对膜制备中SiO₂量、HF量以及不同陶瓷基片等影响因素进行了考察.     

四硼酸锂水溶液体系的热容及离子相互作用

采用Setaram BT 2.15微量热仪测定了Li₂B₄O₇-H₂O体系(Li₂B₄O₇的浓度为0.00415~0.4208 mol/kg)在298.15, 308.15和323.15 K下的热容, 分别计算了不同温度和浓度下的表观摩尔热容, 并获得了不同温度下表观摩尔热容与浓度的关系式. 基于Li₂B₄O₇-H₂O体系的热容测定结果, 应用Pitzer电解质溶液离子相互作用表观摩尔热容模型, 拟合获得了四硼酸锂在不同温度下的Pitzer单盐参数.     

用Pitzer理论预测混合电解质溶液的偏摩尔体积

用Pitzer理论研究了混合电解质溶液的偏摩尔体积,建立了偏摩尔体积的预测方法,并利用所得电解质溶液的表观摩尔体积的Pitzer参数预测了HNO₃-UO₂(NO₃)₂-H₂O、KCl-Na₂SO₄-H₂O、NaCl-Na₂SO₄-H₂O、NaCl-CaCl₂-H₂O、KCl-CaCl₂-H₂O、KCl-MgCl₂-H₂O和KCl-NaBr-H₂O共7个系统4种类型的混合溶液的偏摩尔体积。     

新磷酸铝分子筛CFAP-2的合成与鉴定

新AlPO₄结晶分子筛相CFAP-2合成于TMEDA(N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙基二胺)-P₂O₅-A1₂O₅-H₂O系统,反应物摩尔组成的范围是:TMEDA:P₂O₅:Al₂O₃:H₂O=(1-1.1):1:1:50,晶体形貌,X射线粉末衍射分析,热分析及红外光谱的研究表明:CFAP-2与A1PO₄-21的晶体结构不同,在350℃时,CFAP-2的原粉相转变为具有三维骨架孔结构的较稳定的结晶相。     

Raman spectroscopic analysis of supersaturated aqueous solution of MgO.B2O3-32%MgCl2-H2O during acidification and dilution

Raman spectra of supersaturated aqueous solution of MgO.B2O3-32%MgCl2-H2O during acidification/alkalization and dilution have been studied. The assignments of the recorded Raman shift are given. The main existing forms of polyborate anions and their interaction in borate aqueous solution have been proposed through spectroscopic analysis. The experimental results indicate that the higher concentration of cation are beneficial not only to the dissolution of boric acid but also to the polymerization of polyborate anions. The existing forms and interaction among them also depend on the concentration of boron and the pH value in solution.     

FT-IR spectroscopic study of phase transformation of chloropinnoite in boric acid solution at 303 K

The dissolution and transformation of chloropinnoite in boric acid solution at 303 K has been studied using FT-IR difference spectroscopic technique. After equilibrium was reached, liquid and solid phases were separated and FT-IR spectra of each phase were recorded, FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of solid phases indicated that the transformation products, with the increase of boron-concentration in solution, were 2MgO x 3B2O3 x 15H2O (inderite), 2MgO x 3B2O3 x 15H20 (kumakovite), MgO x 3B2O3 x 7.5H2O, and MgO x 3B2O3 x 7H2O, respectively. The main polyborate anions and their interaction in each borate saturated aqueous solution have been proposed according to the FT-IR difference spectra of borate in liquid phase, and some assignments were tentatively given firstly. The relations between the existing forms of polyborate anions and the crystallizing solid phases have been gained.     

硼酸镁过饱和水溶液稀释和酸化过程中的Raman光谱

用纯水和恒沸点盐酸对六硼酸镁过饱和水溶液进行稀释和酸化,使用激光Raman光谱记录反应过程。对光谱峰进行归属。讨论了溶液中含硼量和pH值对硼氧配阴离子存在形式的影响,对多聚硼氧配阴离子在溶液中的存在形式及其相互作用机理进行了初步探讨。     

FT-IR spectroscopy of supersaturated aqueous solutions of magnesium borate

FT-IR spectra of supersaturated aqueous solution of magnesium borate, its acidized solutions with azeotropic hydrochloric acid, and its diluted solutions with water have been recorded. The FT-IR spectra of borate in solution are obtained by difference, subtracting the FT-IR spectrum of water from that of the magnesium borate supersaturated aqueous solution. All of the results showed that various polyborate anions in the supersaturated aqueous solutions exist. The bands of symmetric pulse vibration of the corresponding polyborate anions were indicated and some assignments were tentatively given.     

Investigations of kinetics and mechanism of chloropinnoite in boric acid aqueous solution at 303 K by Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy of dissolution and transformation of chloropinnoite in 4.5% (wt.%) boric acid aqueous solution at 303 K has been recorded. The Raman spectra of kinetics process have been obtained. The phase transformation product is 2MgO.3B2O3.15H2O (kurnakovite). The main polyborate anions and their interaction in aqueous solution have been proposed according to the Raman spectrum. Some assignments were tentatively given and the relations between the existing forms of polyborate anions and the crystallizing solid phases have been gained. A mechanism of dissolution and crystallization reactions and the formation condition of kurnakovite in Qinghai-Tibet plateau were proposed and discussed.     

NaB5O8·5H2O过饱和溶液中硼氧配阴离子的FT-IR光谱分析

研究了NaB₅O₈·5H₂O过饱和水溶液及其在稀释和酸化过程中的FT-IR光谱,并与已知固体五硼酸盐对比进行光谱频率的归属,提出五硼酸盐过饱和水溶液中硼氧配阴离子的存在形式及其相互转化机理。     

Chemistry of borate in salt lake brine (XXXIV) ——Phase diagram of thermodynamic nonequilibrium state of MgO-B_2O_3-18%MgCl_2-H_2O system at 20℃

The crystallization processes of hydrated Mg-borates, boric, magnesium hydroxide and Mg-oxychloride from MgO-B2O3-18%MgCl2-H2O supersaturated solution at 20℃ have been studied by kinetic method. The crystallization solid phases were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectra, thermal analysis and chemical analysis. The liquid-solid phase diagram of ther-modynamic nonequilibrium state has been given. In this phase diagram, there exist eight crystallization fields, boric acid(H3BO3), trigomagneborite(MgO · 3B2O3 · 7.5H2O, MgO · 3B2O3 · 7H2O), hungchaoite(MgO ·2B2O3 ·9H2O), inderite(2MgO ·3B2O3 · 15H2O), chloropinnoite(2MgO ·2B2O3 · MgCl2 · 14H2O), magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2) and magnesium oxychloride (5Mg(OH)2 · MgCl2·8H2O).     

水热条件硼酸镁盐过饱和水溶液的相转化

针对中国盐湖硼资源特点,模拟合成MgO•3B2O3-H2O过饱和溶液,在120 ℃水热条件下对固相析出的过程进行跟踪.析出固相采用化学分析方法、X射线衍射、红外光谱进行物相鉴定.对析出固相的相转化反应机理进行了探讨,结合有关实验分析了MgSO4对固相析出的影响.     

盐卤硼酸盐化学──ⅩⅩⅧ.氯柱硼镁石的激光拉曼光谱

本文研究了氯柱硼镁石硼酸和硼砂的晶体和它们在水溶液中的激光拉曼光谱，并与某些阴酸盐的谱图进行对比．初步提出硼氧配阴离子的聚合形式，为进行氯柱硼镁石结构分析提供实验依据．     

FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic analysis of hydrated cesium borates and their saturated aqueous solution

Hydrated cesium borates have been synthesized by the reaction of Cs(2)CO(3) with H(3)BO(3) aqueous solution. After reaction equilibria were reached, liquid and solid phases were separated and the FT-IR difference and Raman spectra of each phase were recorded, respectively. The assignments of the recorded FT-IR absorption frequencies and Raman shift are given. The main polyborate anions and their interaction in borate aqueous solution have been proposed. The relations between the existing forms of polyborate anions and the crystallizing solid phases, Cs(2)B(4)O(7).5H(2)O and CsB(5)O(8).4H(2)O, have been gained.