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1.
研究了利用铝酸钠溶液碳酸化产生的沉淀, 经胶溶作用制备出纳米氢氧化铝溶胶的过程. 分析了铝酸钠溶液滴加到大量碳酸氢钠溶液中时发生的反应. X射线衍射研究结果表明, 在纳米氢氧化铝溶胶制备过程中, 从无定形氢氧化铝沉淀到拟薄水铝石的晶型转变过程是氢氧化铝沉淀胶溶时溶解再析出的过程. 将碳酸氢钠加入到苛性比为1.7的铝酸钠溶液中, 中和至苛性比为1.3后, 溶液诱导期中的紫外光谱显示270 nm处的Al(OH)3-6吸收增强. 经与含铝原子六配位的晶体紫外光谱对比后表明, 在铝酸钠分解生成氢氧化铝的过程中, 其铝的配位结构从四配位转化为六配位. 拟薄水铝石溶胶粒子的形貌与胶溶所用的酸和分散剂有关. 相似文献
2.
过饱和铝酸钠溶液中氢氧化铝自发成核动力学规律的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
用电导法和吸光光度法首次对苛性比相同的不同浓度过饱和铝酸钠溶液自发分解过程进行了实时跟踪研究,获得铝酸钠溶解氢氧化铝自发成核动力学方程,探索了H2O和Na+对氢氧化铝自发成核过程的影响.结果表明,过饱和铝酸钠溶液分解为氢氧化铝属化学反应控制过程;H2O参与了溶液分解过程控制步骤的反应;K+和Na+等阳离子参与了溶液的重构,但对溶液分解的控制步骤影响不大. 相似文献
3.
以十八水硫酸铝为沉淀前驱剂,碳酸钠为沉淀剂研究硫酸铝水解动力学,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)综合分析硫酸铝水解产物物相和形貌。结果表明,硫酸铝与碳酸钠反应过程动力学方程符合一级反应速率方程;T≤75℃硫酸铝水解产物为无定型团聚氢氧化铝;氢氧化铝生成过程为:[Al(OH_2)_6]~(3+)→[Al(OH)(OH_2)_5]~(2+)→[Al(OH)_2(OH_2)_4]~+→[Al(OH)_3(OH_2)_3]。 相似文献
4.
表面能与晶体生长/溶解动力学研究的新动向 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
界面现象使物质在结晶过程中出现了临界现象.但最近的研究指出在物质溶解过程中,在表面能量的控制下也存在着临界现象以及尺寸效应.实验发现,当晶体自身小到一 定的程度时(通常在纳米尺度上并和临界蚀坑的大小相近),在溶解过程中其速度会自发降 低,反应被抑制乃至停止.尽管在热力学上表面能的因素可以赋予小颗粒晶体较大的溶解度 ,但表面能却也能通过对临界条件的控制而使这些微粒在动力学上不被溶解.这个发现不仅 解决了纳米颗粒在水溶液中稳定性的问题,而且还从动力学的角度解释了生物矿物选择纳米 尺度作为其基本构成单元的原因.由于表面能和晶体生长/溶解的动力学有着密切的关系, 我们可以通过对表面能的调节来修改它们的动力学速度和晶体的形貌.反过来,也可以用动力学的方法来测定表面能及表面吸附/脱附常数等.相对于常规的界面研究手段,通过生 长和溶解动力学途径所得的数据有着很好的可靠性及重复性.我们认为,晶体生长和溶解的 动力学和表面能的研究相结合,不仅为界面研究提供了新的思路和方法,而且也会推动晶体生长和材料科学的发展. 相似文献
5.
催化动力学光度法测定高纯氧化铝和氢氧化铝中痕量铁 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
随着氧化铝多品种的发展 ,高纯氧化铝的需求量日益增大 ,对其纯度的要求也越来越高 ,其中铁的含量是衡量高纯氧化铝等级的重要指标之一 ,痕量铁的测定下限要求为 0 .0 0 0 8%。催化动力学光度法是一种高灵敏度、高选择性的分析方法 ,在铁的测定中已有不少报道[1~ 3 ] ,但用紫脲酸铵作还原剂动力学光度法测高纯氧化铝、氢氧化铝中铁还未见报道。本文研究了在 pH 5 .2~ 5 .7的HOAC NaOAC缓冲介质中 ,Fe3 + 对过氧化氢氧化紫脲酸铵有明显的催化作用 ,加入 1,10 phen后 ,催化作用大大增强。据此研究了适宜催化反应条件 ,建… 相似文献
6.
《离子交换与吸附》2016,(4)
采用响应面法对纳米氢氧化铝-聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂吸附Cd(II)过程进行了拟合和优化,分别以pH值、温度和Cd(II)浓度为自变量,研究了其对响应值镉离子最大吸附量的影响,并通过吸附动力学方程和吸附等温线数据对吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明,采用响应面法对pH值、温度和Cd(II)浓度3个自变量进行优化后得出最大吸附量为79.07mg/g,其最优条件为:pH 6.35,镉离子浓度91.36mg/L,温度50℃;氢氧化铝-聚丙烯酰胺对Cd(II)的吸附在120min内达到平衡,且吸附动力学数据符合准二级动力学模型,表明吸附过程包含化学吸附;吸附速率的控制步骤是吸附脱附平衡步骤;吸附等温线数据与Langmuir吸附等温模型相一致,表明镉离子在氢氧化铝-聚丙烯酰胺表面形成的是单层吸附层。 相似文献
7.
星形胶束自由能和聚集数的理论分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
AB型嵌段聚合物在选择性溶剂中将发生微相分离,形成一种球形胶束[1].所谓选择性溶剂是指此溶剂仅能溶解共聚物中某一链段,而对另一链段则为不良溶剂.对这一体系的实验研究是从80年代兴起的,主要采用现代测试技术来表征形成胶束的回转半径[2],动力学半径[3]、聚集数[4]和临界胶束浓度[5].从分子图景上看来,这种球形胶束包括两部分,内核(Core)为密堆砌的链段A;壳层(Corona)为溶涨的链段.Helfand等[6]最早利用数值计算法来研究嵌段聚合物在本体中的微相分离的问题;Leibler等[7]将此方法引入嵌段聚合物/均聚物体系.… 相似文献
8.
1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷在乙酸乙酯和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的溶解行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在常压、298.15 K条件下, 用RD496-2000微热量仪分别测量了1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷(TNAZ)在乙酸乙酯(EA)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的溶解焓. 得到了TNAZ在不同溶剂中的微分溶解热和积分溶解热. 建立了热量与溶质的量之间的关系式. 对TNAZ, 得到了在乙酸乙酯中描述溶解过程的动力学方程为dα/dt=10-7.26(1-α)0.88; 在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中, 描述溶解过程的动力学方程为dα/dt=10-7.21(1-α)0.66. 相似文献
9.
采用液相法合成硅酸镁(MgSiO3),研究其在氢氧化钠高浓介质体系中的溶解行为,探讨了液固比、氢氧化钠初始浓度和反应温度对硅酸镁中氧化硅反应率的影响,用液-固多相收缩未反应核模型研究其在氢氧化钠高浓介质体系中的反应动力学.结果表明:硅酸镁在氢氧化钠高浓介质体系中溶解过程的控制步骤为界面化学反应控制,硅酸镁脱硅反应的表观活化能为31.664 kJ/mol,反应级数为1.98.此方法研究硅酸镁的溶解行为,为中低品位红土镍矿的合理利用提供理论依据. 相似文献
10.
1980年高校统一招考评分时,有些老师对化学第六题的答案提出了不同意见,其主要问题是:氢氧化铝能否溶于过量的碳酸钠溶液中? 陈寿椿同志编写的书上说:“胶性氢氧化铝沉淀亦溶解于过量的沉淀剂中 相似文献
11.
Removal of phosphate by aluminum oxide hydroxide 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Tanada S Kabayama M Kawasaki N Sakiyama T Nakamura T Araki M Tamura T 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2003,257(1):135-140
The development and manufacture of an adsorbent to remove phosphate ion for the prevention of eutrophication in lakes are very important. The characteristics of phosphate adsorption onto aluminum oxide hydroxide were investigated to estimate the adsorption isotherms, the rate of adsorption, and the selectivity of adsorption. Phosphate was easily adsorbed onto aluminum oxide hydroxide, because of the hydroxyl groups. The adsorption of phosphate onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was influenced by pH in solution: the amount adsorbed was greatest at pH 4, ranging with pH from 2 to 9. The optimum pH for phosphate removal by aluminum oxide hydroxide is 4. The selectivity of phosphate adsorption onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was evaluated based on the amount of phosphate ion adsorbed onto aluminum oxide hydroxide from several anion complex solutions. It is phosphate that aluminum oxide hydroxide can selectively adsorb. The selectivity of phosphate onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was about 7000 times that of chloride. This result indicated that the hydroxyl groups on aluminum oxide hydroxide have selective adsorptivity for phosphate and could be used for the removal of phosphate from seawater. 相似文献
12.
A. G. Grebenyuk Yu. I. Gorlov A. A. Chiko 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》1991,27(4):411-413
A method is presented for taking into account the boundary conditions in cluster models of crystal structures containing aluminum atoms in the octahedral oxygen environment. The method of modified neglect of diatomic overlap (MNDO) was used to calculate energy and geometric characteristics of molecular models of the elementary layer of the aluminum hydroxide crystal.Institute of Surface Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 471–473, July–August, 1991. Original article submitted October 12, 1990. 相似文献
13.
ATR-FTIR investigation on the complexation of myo-inositol hexaphosphate with aluminum hydroxide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The adsorption isotherm of and the pH effect on the adsorption of myo-inositol hexaphosphate (myo-IP6) on amorphous aluminum hydroxide was investigated. It was found that the adsorption isotherm of myo-IP6 on aluminum hydroxide could be well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm. The amount of myo-IP6 adsorbed remained almost constant in the range of pH 4.0 to 7.0, but it decreased considerably as the initial pH was over 7. The adsorption of myo-IP6 resulted in an increase in the pH level due to the release of OH(-) ions, which suggested that the adsorption of myo-IP6 on aluminum hydroxide was caused by a ligand exchange reaction. ATR-FTIR analysis of myo-IP6 in solution and adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide at different pH were performed. The ATR-FTIR investigation indicated that myo-IP6 was adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide by forming inner-sphere complexes and adsorption facilitated the deprotonation of phosphate groups. The asymmetric vibration of the PO bond in AlPO(-)(3) appearing at a lower frequency than that in the terminal HPO(-)(3) indicated that Al bound to the O atom not as strongly as the H atom did. The ATR-FTIR investigation and theoretical calculation (with the Gaussian 03 program) revealed that three of the six phosphate groups in myo-IP6 molecules were bound to aluminum hydroxide while the other three remained free when myo-IP6 was adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. 相似文献
14.
Surface complexation of condensed phosphate to aluminum hydroxide: an ATR-FTIR spectroscopic investigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two model compounds, sodium pyrophosphate (pyro-P) and sodium tripolyphosphate (tripoly-P), were employed to elucidate the binding mechanisms of condensed phosphate on aluminum hydroxide by utilizing attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Peak assignments for the condensed phosphates in the solution phase and those adsorbed on the surface of aluminum hydroxide were made. Electron delocalization and polarization were employed to explain the peak shifts and the complexation of condensed phosphate with aluminum hydroxide. The tripoly-P and pyro-P were adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide by forming inner-sphere complexes. The adsorbed condensed phosphates were deprotonated in the pH range from 4 to 10. Monodentate, bidentate, and binuclear complexes were formed when pyro-P was adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide, while monodentate and binuclear complexes were formed when tripoly-P was adsorbed. Based on the FTIR data, we proposed that when either bidentate or binuclear complexes were formed, the two oxygen atoms participating in the complexation with aluminum hydroxide could not be originated from the same terminal phosphate moiety. The AlO bond formed in the complexation of pyro-P or tripoly-P with aluminum hydroxide (AlPO(-3)) was not as strong as the HO bond in terminal HPO(-3). The bridging PO(-2) of tripoly-P did not coordinate with aluminum hydroxide. The real-time ATR-FTIR study on condensed phosphate adsorption revealed that a long contact time between condensed phosphates and aluminum hydroxide particles can result in a transformation of an initially formed species into a thermodynamically more stable phase. 相似文献
15.
Preparation and physical properties of flame retardant acrylic resin containing nano-sized aluminum hydroxide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kazuki Daimatsu Yasunori Kato Katsuhiro Inomata Kazuki Takemura 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2007,92(8):1433-1438
Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) shows high strength and transparency but is a flammable material. In this study, the surface of aluminum hydroxide was modified with methacrylate containing phosphoric acid moieties before dispersion in MMA, and organic-inorganic nano-hybrid materials were obtained by bulk polymerization in the presence of the surface-modified aluminum hydroxide. The resulting hybrid materials retained the high transparency of PMMA, with transparency values similar to that of pure PMMA. Moreover, the flame resistance of the hybrid materials was improved in comparison with that of pure PMMA, with depression of the horizontal burning rate becoming a maximum at an inorganic content of 3 wt%. These results suggest that the use of aluminum hydroxide surface-modified with phosphoric acid groups is an efficient method for obtaining good performance fire-resistant polymer materials. 相似文献
16.
Deschaume O Shafran KL Perry CC 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(24):10078-10088
Interactions of aqueous solutions of aluminum polyoxocations (Al13-mers and Al30-mers) and aluminum hydroxide suspensions of varying particle sizes (26, 55, and 82 nm) with a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), have been investigated using potentiometry, conductometry, viscometry, 27Al solution NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential measurements, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Increasing amounts of BSA partially convert Al13-mers and, to a larger extent, Al30-mers into amorphous Al hydroxide without gel formation. At the same time, BSA molecules can form unstable aggregates in the Al polyoxocation solutions which redisperse easily upon standing. In the case of Al hydroxide sols, BSA addition causes substantial gelation, the extent of which is proportional to the amount of BSA added and inversely related to the Al hydroxide particle size. Upon freeze-drying or centrifugation of Al species-BSA solutions, an interesting sheetlike morphology with 150-200 nm wide nanoribbons is observed for pure Al hydroxide nanoparticles and for solutions of Al polyoxocations with the highest amount of BSA studied. On the basis of the combined solution, colloidal and solid-state characterization of model Al species-BSA systems, a qualitative model of possible interactions in the Al polyoxocation-BSA and Al hydroxide-BSA systems is proposed wherein core-shell hybrid nanoparticles are formed from protein "core" and Al polyoxocation "shell" or Al hydroxide "core" and protein "shell". 相似文献
17.
Crystalline aluminum trihydroxides Al(OH)3 (gibbsite, baverite, and nordstrandite) can serve as layered intercalation matrices in which metal salts are arranged in
a specific way. Small cations (lithium, magnesium, and transition metals) lie in the octahedral voids of aluminum hydroxide
layers, and water molecules are located between the layers. This localization of small cations gives rise to the molecular
sieve effect, where alkaline and alkaline earth cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, etc.), which are large relative to the octahedral voids, are not intercalated into aluminum trihydroxides. In the first
step of lithium salt intercalation, the cations, the anions, and the water molecules are incorporated into the interlayer
space of aluminum hydroxide with subsequent transition of lithium into the voids of the layer.
Translated fromZhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 832–848, September-October, 1999. 相似文献
18.
Orthophosphate and metaphosphate ion removal from aqueous solution using alum and aluminum hydroxide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The removal of orthophosphates (10(-2) kg P m(-3)), condensed phosphates (10(-2) kg P m(-3)), and mixtures of both (5 x 10(-3) kg P m(-3) as orthophosphate and 5 x 10(-3) kg P m(-3) as metaphosphate) in aqueous solution is studied using alum and aluminum hydroxide. The effects of coagulant dose, pH, temperature, aging of aluminum hydroxide, and presence of different ions are investigated. On the basis of the experimental results, alum is much more efficient in phosphorus removal than aluminum hydroxide even if, in both cases, at the conditions studied, the active coagulant form is Al(OH)(3). The differences then could be due to the higher activity of the in situ formed hydroxide. Orthophosphates and metaphosphates seem to have similar behavior vs pH variation: maximum removal is achieved at pH values 5-6 in all cases. On the other hand, in the simultaneous presence of both P forms, orthophosphate and metaphosphate ions have different affinities for the surface sites of aluminum hydroxide, since for both alum and aluminum hydroxide, orthophosphates are preferentially removed compared to metaphosphates, due probably to orientation effects and the charge per P atom. The presence of sodium, potassium, magnesium, sulfate, chloride, and magnesium, at the concentrations studied and for a pH value of 6, does not influence P removal. Temperature variation, between 25 and 60 degrees C, does not affect alum efficiency but both P forms are increasingly removed with increasing temperature, probably due to polymer Al(OH)(3) breaking, producing new surfaces for adsorption. Aging decreases sorption capacity of Al(OH)(3), while crystallites of increasing size are formed. Finally adsorption of both P forms is best described by the Freundlich isotherm [[K(F)=(49.1-69.1) x 10(-3) (m(3)kg(-1))(1/N), 1/N: 0.14-0.19 for T=25-60 degrees C] and [ K(F)=(1.58-2.79) x 10(-3) (m(3)kg(-1))(1/N), 1/N: 2.17-2.47 for T=25-60 degrees C] for orthophosphate and metaphosphate, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Jiliang Yin Jie Yin Jianchun Zhang Guotai Zhou 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2004,177(10):3603-3609
Monodisperse aluminum hydroxide coated polystyrene (PS) microspheres and their array in large scale was prepared at one step in aqueous solution. The coated PS microsphere arrays are highly ordered and have remarkable structural stability. The arrays can be in plate form and hollow sphere form, depending on the concentration of aluminum sulfate. Hollow aluminum hydroxide shell arrays can be also obtained with calcination. 相似文献
20.
Lena Wolff Jens Flemming Reinhard Schmitz Karsten Grger Christel Müller-Goymann 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2008,330(2-3):116-126
Lyophilisation of an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant containing formulation for use in vaccine development has been investigated. Novel formulation approaches using disaccharides, polysaccharides, polyols and polymers have been investigated as stabilising excipients to prevent aluminum hydroxide adjuvant from aggregation during a freeze–thaw cycle or the lyophilisation process itself. Amorphous character of the lyophilisates was investigated by wide angle X-ray diffraction. Sedimentation assay, particle size analysis and optical microscopy could show that aluminum adjuvant gel character of selected formulations could be maintained within acceptable quality or stayed the same in some cases. In principle, it could be demonstrated that not less than 10% excipient is necessary to yield good results within applied analytics evaluating the excipients’ protecting qualities. Based on results obtained by this study, the formulations containing trehalose at a concentration of 15 or 20%, dextran, PVP K 25, HES 450 and 200, saccharose and sorbitole along with polysorbate 80 and buffer promise to be good candidates for the protection of aluminum adjuvanted vaccines during exposure to coldness stresses as during freezing or lyophilisation. 相似文献