A New Route to the Synthesis of Barium Carbonate Crystals by the Induction of Bacillus Pasteurii

As one of the soil microorganisms, bacillus pasteurii exhibits good urease-produ-cing ability. A novel method is used to prepare BaCO3 crystals by the induction of bacillus pasteurii. The crystals have been characterized by XRD, SEM and FT-IR. X-ray diffraction analysis quantified that the BaCO3 crystals obtained belong to the orthorhombic crystal system. Examination by scanning electron microscopy identified that the BaCO3 crystals have different morphologies under different preparation conditions. FT-IR indicated that surfactant EDTA had great effect on the morphology of BaCO3 crystals. Different morphology crystals had uniform distribution and integral shape. The forming mechanism and influence of EDTA on the morphology of BaCO3 crystals have been discussed.     

乳状液法制备憎液溶胶Ⅰ.BaCO_3均匀粒子的制备

均匀胶体粒子的形成，除与反应条件（反应物浓度、陈化时间和温度、介质种类等）有关外，反应体系的环境也影响最终产物的形态，《至结晶结构．气溶胶法和微乳液法正是利用微环境中的‘水池效应”；分别制备出球形亚微米和纳米级的均匀粒子［‘－‘］、这些方法与水解法和相转化法等方法比较，反应物浓度要大几个数量级，而反应时间却短很多，因而受到研究人员的关注．乳状液也能提供亚微米、微米及以上级的微环境，因此，可以应用O／W乳状液乳液中的聚合反应制备亲液的分散体系．然而，极少有关利用w／O乳状液制备僧液溶胶的报导问；最近…     

Study on the Forming Mechanism and Preparation of Different Morphology of Barium Carbonate Crystals with Diethyl Carbonate as Raw Material

Different morphologies of BaCO3 crystals with dendritic structure,spinous sphere structure,and spike-,flower-and rod-like structures were prepared with(C2H5)2CO3 and BaCl2.2H2O as raw materials by homogeneous precipitation method.The crystals have been characterized by SEM,FT-IR and XRD,indicating that the different morphology of BaCO3 crystals belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system with uniform distribution and integral shapes.The effect of reaction conditions and the possible formation mechanism on the morphology of BaCO3 crystals have been discussed.     

乳状液法制备憎液溶胶 I.BaCO3均匀粒子的制备

Uniform colloidal particles of BaCO3 are produced in the system of n-octanol, BaCl2 and Na2CO3 aqueous solutions under the action of hexadecyltrimethyammonium bromide(CTAB) by the methods of single-emulsion, double-emulsion, solution and gas-blasting. The key factors, which determine the size, shape and uniformity of the particles, as well as the suitable methods to prepare uniform colloidal particles are figured out by comparing different (water-oil) phase ratios, kinetics of particles' growth and different methods of preparing hydrophobic sols.     

新型磁性Fe3O4/EDTA复合纳米粒子的制备及性能研究

采用氨羧络合剂EDTA对纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子进行表面改性,制备出能够螯合金属离子和放射性核素离子的磁性Fe3O4/EDTA复合纳米粒子.用X射线衍射、红外光谱、透射电子显微镜、光电子能谱、振动样品磁强计和原子吸收光谱对复合粒子进行了表观形貌、结构、磁学及螯合性能表征.结果表明,纳米磁性Fe3O4和EDTA之间能够有效地以化学键合方式进行复合.改性后,Fe3O4/EDTA纳米复合粒子可以对包括放射性金属离子在内的多种金属离子具有良好的络合效果.     

Nd-doped barium titanate ceramics with various Ti/Ba ratios prepared by sol-gel method

The Nd-doped BaTiO3 nanocrystalline powders and ceramics with different Ti/Ba ratios were prepared by sol-gel method. Phases and microstructures of the Nd-doped BaTiO3 based powders and ceramics were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM methods. The results revealed that the powders synthesized by sol-gel method were nanometer scale (30-60 nm) and were mainly composed of cubic BaTiO3 with a small amount of BaCO3. After sintering at high temperature, both cubic BaTiO3 and BaCO3 were transformed into tetrahedron BaTiO3 phase. The dielectric properties of the ceramics were also determined and the influence of Ti/Ba ratio on the dielectric properties was discussed. The Tc did not change with the variation of Ti/Ba ratio, while theεmax increased firstly and then decreased. The excess TiO2 is benefit for the modification of ceramics' microstructure and dielectric properties.     

超声化学法制备BaF_2纳米粒子及纳米方块

<正>0引言BaF2的用途非常广泛,可用于光学玻璃、陶瓷色料、玻璃光导纤维、激光发生器、助熔剂及防腐剂等。BaF2是最快的闪烁体,在核物理和核技术中用来检测γ射线和带电粒子[1]。将掺杂稀土金属的纳米BaF2粒子嵌入有机或玻璃基体以发挥其发光性能的研究越来越引起重视[2]。碱土氟化物和许多半导体的晶格匹配性良好,可以用不同碱土氟化物层来连接晶格常数不同的半导体[3]。     

加压条件下MgO/BaCO_3催化剂在甲烷氧化偶联反应中的性能研究(英文)

在加压条件下（0.1~1.1MPa）考察了MgO／BaCO_3催化剂在甲烷氧化偶联反应中的性能,以及加压后该催化剂的失活。XRD谱图表明,在加压失活的MgO／BaCO_3催化剂表面有部分MgCO_3牛成,这是由于部分活性相MgO发生了转变：XPS表征结果表明,在加压失活后的MgO／BaCO_3催化剂中B3CO_3向表面富积,致使催化剂的表面活性相MgO的浓度相对降低和催化剂表面积降低。另外,在加压失活后的MgO／B3CO_3催化剂上表面活性氧物种的离子浓度大大降低,表面晶格氧的流动性及晶格氧参与甲烷转化的能力也大大减弱;另外,由于该失活催化剂表面结构的变化,由MgO和BaCO_3共同作用形成的强碱中心也消失了。     

分子氧气相环氧化丙烯反应的Ag-Cu-Cl/BaCO3催化剂:Cu和Cl负载量的影响

环氧丙烷(PO)是一种重要的有机化工中间体,可以用来生产聚氨酯、丙二醇和表面活性剂等化工产品,具有很高的工业应用价值.然而,目前PO的生产工艺仍然存在着环境污染、副产物、原料经济性等不足之处.考虑到环保、技术、资金等关键性问题,丙烯气相环氧化工艺是PO生产工艺未来的发展方向,利用分子氧作为氧化剂的丙烯气相环氧化反应是最理想、原子经济性最高的反应,也是当今催化界最具挑战性的课题之一.研究报道Ag基催化剂和Cu基催化剂催化丙烯气相环氧化反应可得到较好的催化性能.尽管Ag催化剂催化乙烯氧化制环氧乙烷反应已成功实现工业化,但是Ag催化剂催化丙烯环氧化反应得到的PO选择性低于10%,这是由于丙烯比乙烯多出的甲基中的α-H受双键影响变得非常活泼,C?H键易断裂,导致丙烯容易发生完全氧化反应生成CO2.因此,研究报道采用不同助剂对Ag催化剂进行改性以提高Ag基催化剂的催化性能.我们在前期研究中制备了Ag-CuCl2/BaCO3催化剂,当CuCl2的负载量为0.036 wt%Cu和0.040 wt%Cl时,催化剂具有最优的催化性能,可以得到1.3%的丙烯转化率和71.2%的PO选择性.适量CuCl2的改性使得催化剂表面吸附分子氧物种,同时抑制原子氧物种的形成,从而提高PO选择性.但是CuCl2作为前驱体有一个不足之处,就是引入的Cu和Cl的比例是恒定的,不可调节.因此,我们以Cu(NO3)2和NH4Cl作为Cu和Cl的前驱体,采用还原-沉积-等体积浸渍法制备Ag-Cu-Cl/BaCO3催化剂,分别通过调节Cu和Cl的负载量来进一步提高Ag-Cu-Cl/BaCO3催化剂的催化性能,采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和氧气程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)等表征手段来研究催化剂中Cu和Cl的作用.研究发现,Cl负载量的提高更容易导致大尺寸Ag颗粒的形成,而Cu负载量的提高对Ag颗粒尺寸影响不大.适当的Cl负载量可抑制氧气在催化剂表面解离吸附形成原子氧物种,从而抑制了丙烯的完全氧化,提高PO选择性.过高的Cl负载量会导致催化剂发生Cl中毒,从而降低了催化性能.适当的Cu负载量有利于丙烯气相环氧化反应生成PO,但当Cu负载量过高时容易导致Cu物种发生聚集,更多原子氧物种吸附于Ag颗粒表面,有利于丙烯完全氧化反应生成CO2,降低了PO选择性.适当的Cu和Cl负载量使得催化剂表面吸附的分子氧物种和原子氧物种达到平衡,有利于丙烯气相环氧化反应.当Cu和Cl负载量分别为0.036 wt%和0.060 wt%时,Ag-Cu-Cl/BaCO3催化剂具有最优的催化性能,在200℃,0.1 MPa,3000h-1反应条件下可得到1.2%的丙烯转化率和83.7%的PO选择性.     

Co对NiO-BaCO3催化剂催化N2O分解的促进影响

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列CoxBa1.5Ni9催化剂,用于N2O催化分解反应.研究发现,尽管Co加入纯NiO对反应不利,但在有BaCO3存在的情况下, Co则能够显著提高NiO的活性.这是由于Co增强了Ni–O键而对反应不利,但在BaCO3存在下则大大增加了Ni基催化剂的比表面积及活性位数目.     

Pd/WO3-ZrO2催化剂的结构对乙烯直接氧化制乙酸的影响

利用浸渍法制备了一系列具有不同W/Zr比和不同WO3-ZrO2焙烧温度的1%pd/WO3-ZrO2催化剂.通过X射线衍射、N2吸附、氨程序升温吸附、吡啶吸附红外光谱和程序升温还原方法表征了催化剂的晶体结构、表面状态以及酸性.结果表明,制备条件对W和Pd的表面状态具有很人的影响.随着W/Zr比的增加和焙烧温度的提高,催化剂表而的WOx经历了从聚钨酸物种到聚钨酸/WO3晶体共存再到WO3品体颗粒的转化.W/Zr比为0.2且焙烧湍度为1073K的催化剂具有最多的聚钨酸物种,而该催化剂具有最好的活性.因此,聚钨酸物种的最决定了催化剂的活性.Pd的分散状态只依赖于WO3-ZrO2的焙烧温度.Pd物种分散性好,则乙酸选择性高,而分散性差的人颗粒Pd会导致乙烯的燃烧反应.     

Effect of barium loading on the desulfation of Pt-BaO/Al2O3 studied by H2 TPRX, TEM, sulfur K-edge XANES, and in situ TR-XRD

Desulfation processes were investigated over sulfated Pt-BaO/Al2O3 with different barium loading (8 and 20 wt %) by using H2 temperature programmed reaction (TPRX), transmission electron microscope (TEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), and in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD) techniques. Both sulfated samples (8 and 20 wt %) form sulfate species (primarily BaSO4) as evidenced by S K-edge XANES and in situ TR-XRD. However, the desulfation behavior is strongly dependent on the barium loading. Sulfated Pt-BaO8/Al2O3, consisting predominantly of surface BaO/BaCO3 species, displays more facile desulfation by H2 at lower temperatures than sulfated Pt-BaO20/Al2O3, a material containing primarily bulk BaO/BaCO3 species. Therefore, after desulfation with H2 up to 1073 K, the amount of the remaining sulfur species on the former, mostly as BaS, is much less than that on the latter. This suggests that the initial morphology differences between the two samples play a crucial role in determining the extent of desulfation and the temperature at which it occurs. It is concluded that the removal of sulfur is significantly easier at lower barium loading. This finding can potentially be important in developing more sulfur resistant LNT catalyst systems.     

Thermal Decomposition of BaC2O4·0.5H2O Studied by Stepwise Isothermal Analysis and Non-Isothermal Thermogravimetry

Thermal decomposition of BaC2O4·0.5H2O in air was studied by a combination of stepwise isothermal analysis (SIA) and non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The results from both techniques show that the crystal water is released in one step and that anhydrous barium oxalate is decomposed in one step, while BaCO3 decomposes in three steps to BaO, forming two intermediate compounds with the formulas of BaCO3·(BaO)2 and (BaCO3)0.5·(BaO)2.5. Reaction mechanism analyses using the data from SIA measurements show that the controlling mechanism for all the five decomposition steps in isothermal conditions is a two-dimensional phase-boundary controlled process. Kinetic parameters are obtained for the five decomposition steps from the non-isothermal thermogravimetric data. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Polymer micelle-directed growth of BaCO(3) spiral nanobelts

We discovered that micelles of a thermo-responsive polypeptide-based copolymer are able to direct growth of barium carbonate (BaCO(3)) in the form of nanobelts. The BaCO(3) nanobelts tend to grow around a formed crystal, and curl into a spiral superstructure.     

Shape Controlling Synthesis — Formation of Fe3Si by the Reaction of Iron with Silicon Tetrachloride and Crystal Structure Refinement

Pure Fe₃Si is formed by the reaction of an iron‐wire with SiCl₄‐vapor at a reaction temperature of 1000 °C and a SiCl₄‐pressure of 2 bar. Remarkable is the fact that the outer shape of the used iron wire has not been changed during the reaction. The crystal structure of Fe₃Si was determined using single crystal methods. Fe₃Si crystallizes in the space group Fm3m. The lattice parameters depend on the composition.     

加压条件下MgO/BaCO_3催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应性能及失活 Ⅰ.压力对催化剂表面结构的影响

考察了ＭｇＯ／ＢａＣＯ３催化剂上加压条件下甲烷氧化偶联反应的性能．结果表明，加压下甲烷转化率及Ｃ２选择性都明显下降，且当压力再恢复至常压后，其性能仍不能恢复，说明催化剂已经失活．ＸＲＤ谱表明，加压失活催化剂表面有部分ＭｇＣＯ３生成．但是，活性相ＭｇＯ部分碳酸化转变为ＭｇＣＯ３不是导致催化剂失活的主要原因，因为ＭｇＣＯ３的分解温度远低于反应温度，常压下其性能应当恢复．ＳＥＭ结果表明，加压失活催化剂的颗粒增大．ＸＰＳ表征结果表明，加压失活催化剂中的ＢａＣＯ３向表面富积，致使催化剂表面活性相ＭｇＯ的浓度和催化剂比表面积降低．根据以上结果可以认为，催化剂中的ＢａＣＯ３向表面富积的过程中会部分覆盖活性相ＭｇＯ，从而会使催化剂中ＭｇＯ与ＢａＣＯ３之间的协同作用遭到破坏，导致催化剂失活．     

BaCO3纳米晶的固相反应合成及表征

纳米材料的研究与应用是当前物理、化学和材料科学的一个活跃领域［１］．合成纳米材料有多种方法,但反应均需高温,使用大量有机溶剂,过程控制复杂,设备费用高,颗粒均匀性差,粒子易粘结或团聚等［２］．室温、近室温固相反应近年来取得了很大进展［３,４］,它的突出优点是操作方便,合成工艺简单,转化率高,粒径均匀,且粒度可控,污染少,可避免或减少液相中易出现的硬团聚现象,以及由中间步骤和高温反应引起的粒子团聚现象．固相化学反应过程包括扩散反应成核生长４个阶段,当产物成核速度大于核生长速度时,有利于生成纳…     

固相反应合成Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ的动力学

依据新的固相反应模型, 采用非等温热重和差示扫描量热法研究了由BaCO3和Co3O4、Fe2O3、Nb2O5粉末固相反应合成Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ的动力学. 考察了高速机械搅拌方式混料和球磨方式混料对合成动力学的影响. 结果表明, 反应过程分为两个阶段: 第一阶段为BaCO3和Co3O4、Fe2O3、Nb2O5之间的加成反应;第二阶段为加成反应生成的BaCoO3、BaFeO3和BaNbO3三相之间固溶生成均相的Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ, 此过程中伴随有氧的脱出. 应用修正的模型对实验结果进行了拟合, 实验数据和理论模型符合良好. 高速机械搅拌样品加成反应阶段的活化能为376.76 kJ·mol-1, 仅为球磨样品加成反应阶段活化能494.76 kJ·mol-1的3/4. 高速机械搅拌工艺促进了离子的扩散, 有利于后续反应的进行, 是更为有效、节能、环保的混料方式.     

Preparation of palladium nanoparticles with desired sizes in aqueous solutions

Methods have been developed for obtaining palladium nanoparticles with near-spherical shape and desired and controlled sizes from 2 to 50 nm via reduction of metal ions in aqueous solutions. The influence of sodium polyphosphate and sodium polyacrylate used as stabilizing agents on the sizes and aggregation and sedimentation stability of the particles has been revealed. The dependence of nanoparticle sizes on the initial concentration of palladium(II) ions has been established.     

乙二胺四乙酸柱撑镁锌铝三元水滑石的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法合成了Mg2ZnAl-CO3水滑石;以其为前驱体,利用离子交换法进行插层组装得到Mg2ZnAl-EDTA三元柱撑水滑石;采用X射线衍射仪和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对产物进行了表征.结果表明,合成的Mg2ZnAl-CO3水滑石纯度高、晶型良好,其层间CO32-可被乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)阴离子取代形成Mg2ZnAl-EDTA三元柱撑水滑石;柱撑水滑石的层间距离明显增加,EDTA阴离子在层间倾斜排列.