Iron-catalyzed imination of sulfoxides and sulfides

[reaction: see text] The Fe(III)-catalyzed imination of sulfoxides and sulfides with sulfonylamides in the presence of iodinanes has been investigated. The best results were obtained when Fe(acac)(3) was used as a catalyst in combination with iodosylbenzene, providing an effective alternative (stereospecific) access to sulfoximines and sulfilimines.     

Copper-catalyzed imination of sulfoxides and sulfides

Sulfoximines and sulfilimines have attracted considerable interest among organic chemists. The Cu(II)-catalyzed imination of sulfoxides and sulfides using various N-fluoro benzenesulfonamides was investigated in this study. The scope of the reaction was demonstrated by using several substituted sulfides and sulfoxides. The flow strategy for the preparation of NH-sulfoximines was also examined. By trapping nitrene intermediates through triphenylphosphine, we found that the reaction was conducted through a metal-nitrene intermediate mechanism.     

Metal-free imination of sulfoxides and sulfides

Using a nitrogen transfer agent obtained in situ by mixing of NsNH₂ and PhI(OAc)₂, various N-nosyl sulfoximines and N-nosyl sulfilimines have been prepared under metal-free conditions starting from the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfides, respectively.     

Rhodium-catalyzed imination of sulfoxides and sulfides: efficient preparation of N-unsubstituted sulfoximines and sulfilimines

The Rh(II)-catalyzed imination of sulfoxides and sulfides using [Rh(2)(OAc)(4)] as a catalyst and trifluoroacetamide or sulfonylamides in combination with iodobenzene diacetate and magnesium oxide affords sulfoximines and sulfilimines, respectively, in a stereospecific manner. [reaction: see text]     

Electrochemical imination of sulfoxides using N-aminophthalimide

[reaction: see text] A novel electrochemical sulfoxide imination process is described. Our approach starts with a highly selective nitrene transfer from N-aminophthalimide to a variety of sulfoxides. This oxidative treatment is followed by reductive N-N bond cleavage under the controlled current conditions, which leads to a range of parent NH sulfoximines. In addition to solving the challenging problem of removing the N-phthalimido group, the overall process avoids the use of toxic oxidants and metal additives.     

Stereoselective rhodium-catalyzed imination of sulfides

The preparation of optically active sulfilimines via the catalytic diastereoselective imination of sulfides using a chiral nitrene is described. Excellent yields up to 97% and good diastereoselectivities up to 96% have been obtained. Oxidation of the sulfilimines then stereospecifically affords the corresponding sulfoximines with very good yields in the 88-96% range.     

Tetracyanoethylene oxide not only oxidizes sulfides to sulfoxides but also reduces sulfoxides to sulfides

It was found that tetracyanoethylene oxide not only oxidizes sulfides to sulfoxides but also reduces sulfoxides to sulfides with generation of two molecules of carbonyl cyanide. The reaction thus also functions as a new method for generation of carbonyl cyanide.     

Intramolecular hydrogen bonds in aromatic sulfides and sulfoxides

Conclusions The presence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds O-H... OS and OH... Hal(ortho) in substituted 2,2-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfoxides was shown.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 435–437, February, 1971.     

Comparative study of metal-catalyzed iminations of sulfoxides and sulfides

A comparative study of the imination of sulfur compounds with various metal catalysts in combination with isolated or in situ generated iminoiodinanes (PhI==NR) as nitrogen sources is presented. The influence of the metal catalyst towards the imination of a variety of substituted sulfoxides has been evaluated. Moreover, the effect of the different oxidation states of sulfur on the reactivity and selectivity of the nitrogen transfer redox process in the formation of sulfilimines and sulfoximines was studied. Depending on both the specific metal catalyst as well as the employed nitrene precursor, the sulfide/sulfoxide imination ratio varied in transformations of thianthrene-5-oxide and substituted para-thio phenylsulfoxides.     

The mechanism of permanganate oxidation of sulfides and sulfoxides

Coupled-cluster (CCSD) and density functional computations are used to investigate historically competing mechanisms for the permanganate oxidation of sulfides and sulfoxides. The calculations all lead to a mechanism of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of permanganate, as opposed to historical mechanisms of attack of the sulfur atom by one O or by Mn. Such a mechanism, reminiscent of ozonolysis, may prevail in most permanganate oxidations. The ab initio activation enthalpies are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data; the ab initio activation entropies are not, possibly because of problems with Eyring equation assumptions.     

Safe oxidation of sulfides into sulfoxides using SIBX

SIBX is a stabilized (i.e., nonexplosive) formulation of the λ⁵-iodane 2-iodoxybenzoic acid IBX that can be used as a suspension in various organic solvents to oxidize safely sulfides into sulfoxides. Most yields are comparable to those obtained using IBX or other iodanes such as PhIO and PhIO₂. An asymmetric version of this SIBX-mediated sulfoxidation was performed in high chemical yield and moderate enantioselectivity by simple addition of an external chiral source.     

An efficient asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides

The Sharpless reagent (Ti(OiPr)₄ + 1 mol eq. diethyl tartrate (DET) + 2 t-BuOOH) modified by addition of one mol eq. H₂O gives a new homogeneous reagent which cleanly oxidizes sulfides into sulfoxides in dichloromethane. The best results were obtained for the stoichiometry Ti/DET/H₂O/t-BuOOH = 1:2:1:2. The e.e. observed ranged from 4 to 93% with the highest beeing observed in the case of methyl p-toly] sulfoxide.     

A general and selective zinc-catalyzed oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides

A general zinc-catalyzed oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides has been developed. All the reactions proceeded at room temperature. Hydrogen peroxide was used as a green oxidant. Twenty-one examples of sulfoxides were prepared in moderate to excellent yields.     

Asymmetric synthesis of beta-hydroxy sulfides controlled by remote sulfoxides

Reactions of (S)-alpha-(methylthio)-2-(p-tolylsulfinyl)benzyl carbanion with different carbonyl compounds proceeds with complete control of the configuration at the benzylic position. Aldehydes yield easily separable mixtures of beta-hydroxy sulfides, epimers at the hydroxylic carbon, where the stereoselectivity depends on steric factors (from 20% to >98% de).     

TMSCl-promoted selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with hydrogen peroxide

Selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides is achieved using H₂O₂ and TMSCl as the promotor. Aromatic and aliphatic sulfides are oxidized to sulfoxides in excellent yields and in short reaction times. Different functional groups including ketone, alkene, ester, and alcohol are tolerated.     

Oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides by optically active phosphite ozonides

A study was carried out on the oxidation of dialkyl and aryl alkyl sulfides by optically active phosphite ozonides in the case of the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide, methyl decyl sulfide, and benzyl octyl sulfide by the ozonides of L-(-)-menthyl o-phenylene phosphite, L-(-)-menthyl (2,2 -methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, and L-(-)-bornyl (2,2 -methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite. These ozonides oxidize the indicated sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides at –80°C. Partial asymmetric oxidation is possible. The addition of Ti(OC₃H₇-i)₄ increases the asymmetric control of the reaction.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2133–2135, September, 1990.     

The mechanism of enzymatic and biomimetic oxidations of aromatic sulfides and sulfoxides

Biomimetic and enzymatic oxidations of benzyl sulfides and sulfoxides lead to products (sulfoxides or sulfones) different from those obtained with bona fide electron transfer oxidations (products of C---H and/or C---S bond cleavage), which suggests the operation of an oxygen transfer mechanism.     

From vinyl sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones to vinyl zirconocene derivatives

An easy and straightforward new method for the preparation of sp² zirconocene derivatives from a wide range of heterosubstituted alkenes such as vinyl sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones is described. In all cases, a complete isomerization of the stereochemistry is observed and only the E-isomer is obtained. The reactivity of the resulting vinylic organometallic can be increased by a transmetalation reaction into organocopper, organozinc or organopalladium species and, therefore, several carbon-carbon formation were easily realized.     

Selective oxidations of sulfides to sulfoxides using immobilised cerium alkyl phosphonate

A range of sulfides can be selectively oxidised to the corresponding sulfoxides in good yields using catalytic quantities of immobilised cerium alkyl phosphonate and either sodium bromate or tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidants.