Geometrical shape of in-plane inclusion characterized by polynomial internal stress field under uniform eigenstrains

The internal stress field of an inhomogeneous or homogeneous inclusion in an infinite elastic plane under uniform stress-free eigenstrains is studied. The study is restricted to the inclusion shapes defined by the polynomial mapping functions mapping the exterior of the inclusion onto the exterior of a unit circle. The inclusion shapes, giving a polynomial internal stress field, are determined for three types of inclusions, i.e., an inhomogeneous inclusion with an elastic modulus different from the surrounding matrix, an inhomogeneous inclusion with the same shear modulus but a different Poisson’s ratio from the surrounding matrix, and a homogeneous inclusion with the same elastic modulus as the surrounding matrix. Examples are presented, and several specific conclusions are achieved for the relation between the degree of the polynomial internal stress field and the degree of the mapping function defining the inclusion shape.     

Strain gradient solution for a finite-domain Eshelby-type anti-plane strain inclusion problem

A solution for the finite-domain Eshelby-type inclusion problem of a finite elastic body containing an anti-plane strain inclusion of arbitrary cross-sectional shape prescribed with a uniform eigenstrain and a uniform eigenstrain gradient is derived in a general form using a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory (SSGET). The formulation is facilitated by an extended Betti’s reciprocal theorem and an extended Somigliana’s identity based on the SSGET and suitable for anti-plane strain problems. The disturbed displacement field is obtained in terms of the SSGET-based Green’s function for an infinite anti-plane strain elastic body. The solution reduces to that of the infinite-domain anti-plane strain inclusion problem when the boundary effect is not considered. The problem of a circular cylindrical inclusion embedded concentrically in a finite cylindrical elastic matrix undergoing anti-plane strain deformations is analytically solved by applying the general solution, with the Eshelby tensor and its average over the circular cross section of the inclusion obtained in closed forms. This Eshelby tensor, being dependent on the position, inclusion size, matrix size, and a material length scale parameter, captures the inclusion size and boundary effects, unlike existing ones. It reduces to the classical linear elasticity-based Eshelby tensor for the circular cylindrical inclusion in an infinite matrix if both the strain gradient and boundary effects are suppressed. Numerical results quantitatively show that the inclusion size effect can be quite large when the inclusion is small and that the boundary effect can dominate when the inclusion volume fraction is high. However, the inclusion size effect is diminishing with the increase of the inclusion size, and the boundary effect is vanishing as the inclusion volume fraction becomes sufficiently low.     

Solution of Eshelby's inclusion problem with a bounded domain and Eshelby's tensor for a spherical inclusion in a finite spherical matrix based on a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory

A solution for Eshelby's inclusion problem of a finite homogeneous isotropic elastic body containing an inclusion prescribed with a uniform eigenstrain and a uniform eigenstrain gradient is derived in a general form using a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory (SSGET). An extended Betti's reciprocal theorem and an extended Somigliana's identity based on the SSGET are proposed and utilized to solve the finite-domain inclusion problem. The solution for the disturbed displacement field is expressed in terms of the Green's function for an infinite three-dimensional elastic body in the SSGET. It contains a volume integral term and a surface integral term. The former is the same as that for the infinite-domain inclusion problem based on the SSGET, while the latter represents the boundary effect. The solution reduces to that of the infinite-domain inclusion problem when the boundary effect is not considered. The problem of a spherical inclusion embedded concentrically in a finite spherical elastic body is analytically solved by applying the general solution, with the Eshelby tensor and its volume average obtained in closed forms. This Eshelby tensor depends on the position, inclusion size, matrix size, and material length scale parameter, and, as a result, can capture the inclusion size and boundary effects, unlike existing Eshelby tensors. It reduces to the classical Eshelby tensor for the spherical inclusion in an infinite matrix if both the strain gradient and boundary effects are suppressed. Numerical results quantitatively show that the inclusion size effect can be quite large when the inclusion is very small and that the boundary effect can dominate when the inclusion volume fraction is very high. However, the inclusion size effect is diminishing as the inclusion becomes large enough, and the boundary effect is vanishing as the inclusion volume fraction gets sufficiently low.     

Strain gradient solution for a finite-domain Eshelby-type plane strain inclusion problem and Eshelby’s tensor for a cylindrical inclusion in a finite elastic matrix

A solution for the finite-domain Eshelby-type inclusion problem of a finite elastic body containing a plane strain inclusion prescribed with a uniform eigenstrain and a uniform eigenstrain gradient is derived in a general form using a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory (SSGET). The formulation is facilitated by an extended Betti’s reciprocal theorem and an extended Somigliana’s identity based on the SSGET and suitable for plane strain problems. The disturbed displacement field is obtained in terms of the SSGET-based Green’s function for an infinite plane strain elastic body, which differs from that in earlier studies using the three-dimensional Green’s function. The solution reduces to that of the infinite-domain inclusion problem when the boundary effect is suppressed. The problem of a cylindrical inclusion embedded concentrically in a finite plane strain cylindrical elastic matrix of an enhanced continuum is analytically solved for the first time by applying the general solution, with the Eshelby tensor and its average over the circular cross section of the inclusion obtained in closed forms. This Eshelby tensor, being dependent on the position, inclusion size, matrix size, and a material length scale parameter, captures the inclusion size and boundary effects, unlike existing ones. It reduces to the classical elasticity-based Eshelby tensor for the cylindrical inclusion in an infinite matrix if both the strain gradient and boundary effects are not considered. Numerical results quantitatively show that the inclusion size effect can be quite large when the inclusion is very small and that the boundary effect can dominate when the inclusion volume fraction is very high. However, the inclusion size effect is diminishing with the increase of the inclusion size, and the boundary effect is vanishing as the inclusion volume fraction becomes sufficiently low.     

压电复合材料中的Eshelby夹杂问题

通过采用解析延拓和共形映射技术，获得了压电复合材料中有关Eshelby夹杂几个典型问题的精确弹性解答，即横观各向同性压电介质中任意形状的Eshelby夹杂与圆柱异相夹杂间相互作用；一般各向异性压电介质中任意形状的Eshelby夹杂与双压电材料所形成界面的相互作用．成功求解这些问题的关健在于构造一个辅助函数．与Ru所采用的方法不同，所引入的辅助函数在无穷远点不存在极点，从而使得所展开的分析更加自然合理．分析结果清楚地揭示出Eshelby夹杂的存在对压电复合材料机电耦合响应将产生不容被忽视的影响．很典型的一个例于是当一个Eshelby椭圆夹杂与圆柱异相夹杂相互作用时，每个夹杂体内部的应力场和电场都将是不均匀的；另一个例于是位于界面附近的Eshelby夹杂有可能是界面发生损伤的一个重要原因．     

压电材料反平面应变状态的任意形状夹杂问题

应用复函数的Ｆａｂｅｒ级数展开方法，分析了含任意形状夹杂的压电材料反平面应变问题，给出了问题的复势函数解。利用这个解，具体讨论了椭圆形夹杂及其极限（几何方面与物理方面）问题。并给出了三角形、正方形夹杂的近似结果。其特例结果与早期工作一致     

Inclusions in a finite elastic body

Within the framework of 2D or 3D linear elasticity, a general approach based on the superposition principle is proposed to study the problem of a finite elastic body with an arbitrarily shaped and located inclusion. The proposed approach consists in decomposing the initial inclusion problem into the problem of the inclusion embedded in the corresponding infinite body and the auxiliary problem of the finite body subjected to the appropriate boundary loading provided by solving the former problem. Thus, our approach renders it possible to circumvent the difficulty due to the unavailability of the relevant Green function, use various existing solutions for the problem of an inclusion inside an unbounded body and clearly makes appear the finite boundary effects. The general approach is applied and specified in the context of 2D isotropic elasticity. The complex potentials for the problem of an inclusion in an infinite body are given as two boundary integrals, and the boundary integral equation governing the complex potentials for the auxiliary problem is provided. In the important particular situation where a finite body with an arbitrarily shaped and located inclusion is circular, the exact explicit expressions for the complex potentials are derived, leading to those for the strain, stress and Eshelby’s tensor fields inside and outside the inclusion. These results are analytically detailed and numerically illustrated for the cases of a square inclusion placed concentrically, and a circular inclusion located eccentrically, inside a circular body.     

夹杂对两相材料界面裂纹的影响

根据界面上应力和位移的连续条件,得到了单向拉伸状态下,含有椭圆夹杂的无限大双材料组合板的复势解。进一步通过求解Hilbert问题,得到了含有夹杂和半无限界面裂纹的无限大板的应力场,并由此给出了裂尖的应力强度因子K。计算了夹杂的形状、夹杂的位置、夹杂的材料选取以及上、下半平面材料与夹杂材料的不同组合对裂尖应力强度的影响。计算结果表明夹杂到裂尖的距离和夹杂材料的性质对K影响较大,对于不同材料组合,该影响有较大差异。夹杂距裂尖较近时,会对K产生明显屏蔽作用,随着夹杂远离裂尖,对K的影响也逐渐减小。另外,软夹杂对K有屏蔽作用,硬夹杂对K有反屏蔽作用,而夹杂形状对K几乎没有影响。     

CRACK INTERACTING WITH AN INDIVIDUAL INCLUSION BY THE FRACTURE CRITERION OF CONFIGURATIONAL FORCE

基于构型力概念提出一种可判断裂纹起裂以及裂纹扩展方向的新断裂准则.该准则假设当构型合力值达到一个临界值时裂纹开始扩展,而裂纹扩展的方向则为构型合力的矢量方向.基于此断裂准则,本文开发构型力的有限元计算方法,实现对裂纹扩展的数值模拟,并着重对工程中常见的含孔洞/夹杂结构的裂纹扩展问题展开研究.研究结果表明,基于构型力的裂纹扩展准则可以很好地预测裂纹与孔/夹杂的干涉作用,其数值模拟结果与实验结果相符,从而验证了该裂纹扩展模拟方法的有效性.通过对裂纹和夹杂（圆孔、软夹杂、硬夹杂）干涉问题的数值模拟表明,裂纹前端夹杂对裂纹的扩展具有重要影响.裂纹的扩展方向与裂纹和夹杂的相对位置、以及夹杂类型密切相关.软夹杂和圆孔会吸引裂纹向其扩展,而硬夹杂会排斥裂纹扩展,裂纹在扩展过程中会绕开硬夹杂.当裂纹与夹杂夹角较小时,夹杂对裂纹扩展的影响作用明显,当夹角较大时,夹杂对裂纹扩展的影响较小;特别当裂纹与夹杂夹角为45°时,软夹杂和圆孔可能会抑制裂纹的扩展,使裂纹扩展发生止裂.研究结果有助于认清含孔洞/夹杂结构中的裂纹扩展或止裂问题,对于工程中的断裂问题具有重要指导意义.     

Exact solution for elliptical inclusion in magnetoelectroelastic materials

This paper considers the magneto-electro-mechanical coupling between an inclusion and matrix, which are both of magnetoelectroelastic materials. The general cases including the mode I, mode II and mode III are studied. Analytical solutions for an elliptical cylinder inclusion inside an infinite magnetoelectroelastic medium under combined mechanical–electrical–magnetic loadings are formulated via the Stroh formalism. Crack problem is also investigated and the stress, electric and magnetic fields in the vicinity of the crack tip are determined by a complex vector of intensity factors. Various special cases, including an impermeable inclusion, a permeable crack, a rigid and permeable inclusion, a rigid and permeable line inclusion, a permeable cavity, and an impermeable cavity are discussed.     

Green's function of the displacement boundary value problem for a heat source in an infinite plane with an arbitrary shaped rigid inclusion

Summary Green's functions of the displacement boundary value problem are derived within two-dimensional thermoelasticity for a heat source in an infinite plane with an arbitrary shaped rigid inclusion. The following two cases are considered: either rigid-body displacements and rigid-body rotations of the inclusion are allowed or no rigid-body displacements and no rigid-body rotations of the inclusion are possible. To solve these problems, fundamental solutions are developed for a point heat source, for rigid-body rotations of the inclusion, and for concentrated loads acting on the inclusion. Complex stress functions, temperature function, a rational mapping function and the thermal dislocation method are used for the analysis. In analytical examples, distributions of stresses are developed for an infinite plane with a rectangular rigid inclusion. Received 5 August 1998; accepted for publication 1 December 1998     

复合材料中矩形夹杂角端部力学行为分析

提出了一种分析矩形夹杂角端部奇异应力场的新型杂交有限元方法,该方法在分析矩形夹杂角端部奇异应力场时,需要在夹杂端部构造一个超级单元。超级单元的刚度矩阵可以通过夹杂端部特征问题数值解建立。我们用这种方法计算了单向载荷作用下无限大均质板中单个矩形夹杂角端部奇异应力场,并与现有的数值解进行了比较。比较结果表明:本文提出的方法是可行的、有效的,而且数值结果精度高。为说明本文方法适用范围更广,文章最后讨论了各向异性弹性材料和横观各向同性压电材料中矩形夹杂角端部电弹性场行为。     

THE REMARKABLE NATURE OF RADIALLY SYMMETRIC DEFORMATION OF ANISOTROPIC PIEZOELECTRIC INCLUSION

The present paper deals with spherically symmetric deformation of an inclusion- matrix problem, which consists of an infinite isotropic matrix and a spherically uniform anisotropic piezoelectric inclusion. The interface between the two phases is supposed to be perfect and the system is subjected to uniform loadings at infinity. Exact solutions are obtained for solid spherical piezoelectric inclusion and isotropic matrix. When the system is subjected to a remote traction, analytical results show that remarkable nature exists in the spherical inclusion. It is demonstrated that an infinite stress appears at the center of the inclusion. Furthermore, a cavitation may occur at the center of the inclusion when the system is subjected to uniform tension, while a black hole may be formed at the center of the inclusion when the applied traction is uniform pressure. The appearance of different remarkable nature depends only on one non-dimensional material parameter and the type of the remote traction, while is independent of the magnitude of the traction.     

The Stress–Strain State of an Elastic Ferromagnetic Medium with an Ellipsoidal Inclusion in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field

A stress–strain problem is solved for an infinite elastic magnetically soft medium with an ellipsoidal inclusion in an external magnetic field. The main characteristics of the stress–strain state and induced magnetic fields in the medium and the inclusion are determined and their distribution over the surface of the inclusion is analyzed     

The principle of equivalent eigenstrain for inhomogeneous inclusion problems

In this paper, based on the principle of virtual work, we formulate the equivalent eigenstrain approach for inhomogeneous inclusions. It allows calculating the elastic deformation of an arbitrarily connected and shaped inhomogeneous inclusion, by replacing it with an equivalent homogeneous inclusion problem, whose eigenstrain distribution is determined by an integral equation. The equivalent homogeneous inclusion problem has an explicit solution in terms of a definite integral. The approach allows solving the problems about inclusions of arbitrary shape, multiple inclusion problems, and lends itself to residual stress analysis in non-uniform, heterogeneous media. The fundamental formulation introduced here will find application in the mechanics of composites, inclusions, phase transformation analysis, plasticity, fracture mechanics, etc.     

Interaction of an Ellipsoidal Inclusion with an Elliptic Crack in an Elastic Material under Triaxial Tension

The interaction of an elastic ellipsoidal inclusion with an elliptic crack in an infinite elastic medium under triaxial loading is analyzed. The stress state in the elastic space is represented as a superposition of the principal state and perturbed states, which are due to the presence and interaction of the inclusion and the crack. The analytical solution of the problem is found using the method of equivalent inclusion, the potential of an inhomogeneous ellipsoid, and a system of harmonic functions for an elliptic crack. The effect of triaxial loading on the stress intensity factors is analyzed     

On phase transitions in a domain of material inhomogeneity. I. Phase transitions of an inclusions in a homogeneous external field

We pose and study the problem on an inclusion experiencing a phase transition in a homogeneous external stress field transferred by a matrix. The matrix is formed by a linear-elastic material. The inclusion material admits phase transitions under strain, and the passage from one phase state into another, as well as two-phase states, is determined by the energy preference considerations and the possible existence of two-phase states. For the simplest problem we consider the problem of phase transitions in a cylindrical inclusion under homogeneous plane strain conditions. In the space of strains, we construct the domains of existence of the inclusion one-phase states and the switching surfaces between the one-phase states. We study the possibility of the inclusion two-phase states, prove the characteristic properties of axisymmetric two-phase strains, and examine their stability. We also demonstrate the scale effect, namely, the influence of the relative dimensions of the inclusion and the body on the inclusion phase state. In the second part of the paper, we study the interaction between an inclusion experiencing phase transitions and a crack.     

弱界面异质球形夹杂本征应变问题的解析解

本文研究了具有线弹簧弱界面的异质球形夹杂的本征应变问题，所采用的线弹簧界面模型既能界面的切线方向滑动，又能考虑界面的法线方向张开，根据叠加原理、原问题的弹性场可分成三部分；二部分由真实均匀本征应变所引起，另一部分由等效的非均匀本征应变所引起，后一部分则由虚拟的Ｓｏｍｉｇｌｉａｎａ位错场所产生。本文求得了等效非均匀本征应变和虚拟位错场的Ｂｕｒｇｅｒ矢量的解析表达式，进而确定的问题的弹性场。     

Stress–Strain State of a Ferromagnetic with a Paraboloidal Inclusion in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field

The stress–strain state of an infinite elastic soft ferromagnetic medium with an elliptic paraboloidal inclusion is analyzed. The material of the inclusion is a soft ferromagnetic too. The medium is in a magnetic field directed along the minor axis of the elliptic section of the paraboloid by a plane perpendicular to its axis. The main characteristics of the stress–strain state and induced magnetic fields in the medium and inclusion are determined. The features of the stress distribution over the inclusion boundary are studied     

夹杂角端部奇异应力场分析

提出一种分析夹杂角端部奇异应力场的新型杂交有限元方法.构造了一个角端部奇异单元,该单元刚度建立不依赖数学解析解.用这种方法计算了单向载荷作用下无限大板含单个方形夹杂和菱形夹杂角端部奇异应力场,并与现有的数值解进行了比较,结果表明:目前的数值方法是可行的、有效的、数值结果精度高,适用范围广.作为应用讨论了双方形夹杂刚度和位置对夹杂角端部奇异应力场的影响.