酚醛树脂/石墨双极板复合材料的实验研究

以酚醛树脂与石墨粉料为原料通过热模压成形得到一种燃料电池双极板材料.采用正交试验方法研究了石墨含量、固化时间以及固化温度对复合材料的影响.同时研究了单因素与正交试验中,石墨含量对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:石墨含量对复合材料的电导率与弯曲强度影响显著,其次为固化时间与固化温度,但对复合材料的性能影响不显著;影响复合材料导电率的三个因素最佳组合为为A3B5C1,此时电导率为171.2 s/cm.影响弯曲强度的最优组合为A2B3C2,弯曲强度为62.9 MPa.在单因素与正交试验中,复合材料的弯曲强度随石墨含量的增加而减小,对于复合材料的导电率,单因素试验中,随石墨含量的增加而增加,而在正交实验中,却出现先增加后减小的趋势.     

环氧树脂/石墨双极板复合材料的性能分析

以固态环氧树脂(EP)粉与石墨(G)粉混合物为原料,通过低温热压烧结制得一种双极板材料.研究了EP/G复合材料的弯曲强度和电导率随环氧树脂含量、模压温度和保温时间的影响变化.结果表明:随着环氧树脂含量的增加,EP/G复合材料的弯曲强度呈先上升后下降趋势,在EP含量为10;(质量分数)时达到最大,而电导率呈下降趋势;随模压温度的升高,EP/G复合材料的弯曲强度逐渐变大,电导率则先增长后降低;随着保温时间的延长,EP/G复合材料的弯曲强度和电导率都呈现先增长后降低的变化趋势;环氧树脂含量为10;质量分数,模压温度为275 ℃,保温时间为100 min时,所得复合材料弯曲强度为53.11 Mpa,电导率达到209.25 S/cm.     

无水硫酸钙晶须对不同种类石膏基复合材料性能的影响

将无水硫酸钙晶须掺入天然石膏,脱硫石膏和磷石膏三种石膏基体中,研究无水硫酸钙晶须对不同种类石膏基体性能的影响.并利用XRD和SEM分别分析三种石膏基体原材料的物相组成和掺有无水硫酸钙晶须石膏基复合材料的微观性能.结果表明,随着无水硫酸钙晶须掺量的增加,三种石膏基复合材料的凝结时间均缩短,气孔率都先降低后上升.天然石膏基复合材料在无水硫酸钙晶须掺量为15;时力学性能最优,抗折强度和抗压强度较空白样分别增长31.6;和10.7;.脱硫石膏基复合材料在无水硫酸钙晶须掺量为10;时力学性能最优,抗压强度较空白样提高18.5;.磷石膏基复合材料在无水硫酸钙晶须掺量为15;时力学性能最优,抗折强度较空白样提高98.3;.     

聚苯硫醚／石墨基双极板复合材料性能的研究

以聚苯硫醚树脂和人造石墨为原料一次模压成型制备双极板复合材料.研究了模压成型过程中加压时机、冷却方式及人造石墨原料对复合材料电导率和弯曲强度的影响.结果表明,制备聚苯硫醚/石墨基双极板材料宜选用石墨化程度较高且结构密实的石墨粉料;采用保温后加压及空气中冷却方式制备的复合材料的综合性能较优.     

AgNW s/Yb0.3Co4Sb12纳米复合热电材料的制备及热电性能的研究

采用多元醇法和熔融淬火高温退火法合成银纳米线(AgNWs)和填充方钴矿Yb0.3Co4Sb12材料,采用超声分散法并结合等离子体快速烧结技术(SPS)烧结成AgNWs/Yb0.3 Co4 Sb12纳米复合材料.通过XRD和扫描电镜分析材料的物相结构与微观形貌,测量计算了不同AgNWs复合含量样品的电导率、Seebeck系数、热导率、晶格热导率和ZT值.发现了复合AgNWs可以很大程度地提高方钴矿材料的电输运性能,但也使得其热导率不可避免地升高.最终AgNWs复合含量为0.5wt;的复合材料热电性能最佳,达到850 K时的1.02.     

高比表面介孔碳的制备及其对溶菌酶的吸附研究

以间苯二酚-甲醛为碳源前驱体,正硅酸乙酯为硅源前驱体,嵌段聚合物F127(PEO106PPO70PEO106)为模板剂,在酸性条件下采用三组分共组装制备了具有介孔结构的碳硅复合材料.通过NaOH清洗去除硅元素可以得到具有更高面积和孔容的介孔碳.TEM和小角XRD结果表明,添加了正硅酸乙酯后所得介孔材料由有序结构变为无序蠕虫状.介孔碳材料的比表面积由389 m2/g增加到602 m2/g,孔容由0.45 cm3/g增加到0.58 cm3/g.所得介孔材料对溶菌酶的吸附量随着介孔材料比表面积和孔容的增加而增大.纯介孔碳的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温线吸附拟合,高比表面介孔碳的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温线吸附拟合.     

多孔BaTiO3的制备及多孔BaTiO3/PVDF复合材料性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,以聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物(P123)为模板剂,经80℃反应制备了BaTiO3溶胶,向溶胶中加入100 nm实心BaTiO3得到多孔BaTiO3前驱体,经550℃煅烧得到多孔BaTiO3,用偶联剂改性多孔BaTiO3;用溶液浇铸法制备BaTiO3/PVDF复合材料.采用TEM、氮吸附比表面测试仪、精密阻抗分析仪和超高压耐压测试仪表征粉体形貌及复合材料性能.实验结果表明:多孔BaTiO3颗粒直径为120 nm,比表面积46 m2·g-1,当多孔BaTiO3添加量10vol;时,复合材料介电常数达到21.4,场强达到261 kV/mm,该复合材料在高储能电容器材料具有应用潜力.     

PET纤维增韧的粉煤灰泡沫地质聚合物热性能分析

通过碱激发的方式,以循环流化床粉煤灰(CFA)作为唯一的硅铝质原料,制备了聚酯纤维(PET)增韧的发泡地质聚合物.通过改变PET纤维掺量和纤维长度来确定最优配比,然后将最优配比的地聚物放入不同的温度环境下(200℃,400℃,600℃,800℃,1000℃)进行热处理.结果表明,最优的纤维掺量和纤维长度分别为0.1wt;和12 mm,对应的地质聚合物具有最低的容重(约404 kg/m3)和最高的抗折和抗压强度(分别为0.87 MPa和2.19MPa).热处理之后的结果表明,随着热处理温度的提高,地聚物容重和强度基本上呈现出单调递增的态势.SEM和XRD检测结果表明,样品强度的提高主要归因于晶体的形成,以及地聚物凝胶体系在高温环境下发生熔融和相转变后自凝聚的结果.高温焙烧地质聚合物的实验结果也验证了由地聚物制备陶瓷的可能性.     

CNTs对B4C放电等离子烧结行为和力学性能的影响

在1600℃、50 MPa条件下,采用放电等离子烧结工艺制备出了CNTs/B4C陶瓷基复合材料.研究了CNTs添加量对B4C烧结行为和力学性能的影响.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析了复合材料的物相组成和微观结构.结果表明:随着CNTs含量的增加,复合材料的相对密度和力学性能呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,且当CNTs含量为1wt;时,相对密度和力学性能达到最大值.分析认为,适量的CNTs有利于烧结过程中粉体的滑移,可以提高复合材料的烧结致密度,而随着CNTs含量的增加,位阻效应显著,使得复合材料的致密度降低.     

c-BN对于SPS烧结Si3N4/BN复相陶瓷结构和性能的影响

本研究通过引入立方氮化硼(c-BN),采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备Si3N4/BN复合材料,研究了c-BN在高温下的相变对Si3N4/BN复合材料烧结、结构和力学性能的影响.结果 表明:在高温下c-BN发生物相转变原位生成的h-BN能够均匀分散在Si3N4基体中,对于Si3N4/BN复合材料的烧结有明显的促进作用,同时对于Si3N4物相转变和晶粒生长的抑制作用小于直接引入到基体中的h-BN.对材料力学性能的分析显示:相较于直接引入h-BN,添加c-BN的复合材料硬度有轻微地下降,而抗弯强度和断裂韧性同时有了明显地提升.     

SiC/Al复合材料的热导率研究

用无压浸渗法制备了高导热的SiC/Al电子封装材料.采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和激光热导仪对复合材料导热率、晶体结构和微观形貌进行了分析,研究了SiC颗粒大小、形状、体积分数、基体中Mg的含量和预氧化等参数对SiC/Al复合材料的导热率的影响.结果表明,选择适当的原料参数和工艺参数可制得导热率高达172.27 W/(m·k)的SiC/Al复合材料,满足电子封装材料的要求.     

Composites Of Conducting Polymers: Polyacetylene - Polypyrrole

Pyrrole can be electrochemically polymerised onto polyacetylene anodes. The morphology of the resulting conducting composites depends on the initial doping state (e.g. conductivity) of the polyacetylene. The air and water stability of the conducting composites is excellent compared to doped polyacetylene. Both components conduct the current.     

SPEEK/PVDF-g-PSSA复合膜中质子扩散的MD模拟研究

为了探究改性磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)基复合质子交换膜的性能,研究了SPEEK和PVDF-g-PSSA(聚苯乙烯磺酸接枝聚偏氟乙烯)共混膜的微观结构和质子传输性能.构建含水量不同的SPEEK/PVDF-g-PSSA共混膜的分子结构模型,采用分子动力学(MD)研究了平衡态模型的微观结构以及质子扩散过程,发现水含量的增加首先会引起水团簇数量的增加,质子电导率随含水量的增加快速升高;在含水量达到饱和(λm=20)时体系的质子电导率为105 mS/cm,与实验测得的96 mS/cm结果相符;当含水量大于λm时,水含量的继续增加会导致磺酸根基团间距增大,质子传导趋于稳定.     

Moisture behavior and effects on the mechanical properties and the microstructures of SiO2f/Si3N4–BN amorphous composites

Water diffusion in fiber reinforced ceramic composites could reduce the flexural strength as a result of weakened fiber/matrix binding. In the paper, the braided silica fiber reinforced silicon nitride and boron nitride amorphous composites (SiO_2f/Si₃N₄–BN) was prepared through repeated infiltration of hybrid preceramic precursor and pyrolysis at high temperature in ammonia atmosphere. The moisture behavior of the SiO_2f/Si₃N₄–BN composites and moist effects on the mechanical properties and the microstructures of composites were studied. The results showed that the water absorption characteristic of amorphous composites could be described by using the Fick’ law. The flexural strength could be adjusted and the maximal value of that reached 161.7 MPa by controlling moderate relative humidity, which is 58.8% higher more than that of the as-received composites. SEM indicated that good mechanical properties is on the ground of the interface structure change between fiber and matrix and more fibers were pulled out which absorbing much more fracture energy.     

Sr掺杂对Ca3Co4O9基材料热电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,结合常压烧结工艺制备了Ca3-xSrxCo4O9(x=0～0.5)热电陶瓷材料,并对材料的热电性能进行了测试。结果表明,Sr掺杂对Ca3Co4O9基材料的热电性能有较大影响。随着掺杂量的增加,电导率逐渐增大,Seebeck系数略有减小。Sr掺杂能显著降低热导率,而且随着掺杂量的增加,热导率的下降幅度逐渐增大。Sr掺杂显著改善Ca3Co4O9材料的热电性能,当掺杂量为0.5时获得最佳热电性能,573 K时Z值达1.07×10-4 K-1。     

Graphene/ZrO2复合陶瓷材料的热导性能研究

采用3Y-ZrO2粉体和石墨烯(Graphene)为原料,利用放电等离子体烧结技术(SPS),烧结制备了Graphene/ZrO2复合陶瓷材料.利用SEM、HRTEM、XRD、激光热导仪等研究了烧结温度和石墨烯含量对Graphene/ZrO2复合陶瓷材料的显微结构、物相和热传导性能的影响.研究结果表明,引入石墨烯不但可以抑制ZrO2晶粒的生长,而且对复合材料的热传导性有着显著的影响;相对于单相ZrO2陶瓷,随着石墨烯的引入, Graphene/ZrO2复合陶瓷材料扩散系数反而降低,其原因可以归结于三个方面:首先,石墨烯含量比较低(0.5~1.5wt;),其次,石墨烯与ZrO晶粒界面处产生的强声子散射作用导致热导下降,最后是Graphene/ZrO2复合陶瓷材料没有完全致密.     

Conductivity and dielectric properties of polymer electrolytes PEO:LiN(CF3SO2)2 near glass transition

Results of measurements of PEO:LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ polymer electrolytes of composition between 12:1 and 1.5:1 EO:Li, performed by impedance spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy simultaneous with microscope observation, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction were analyzed focusing on electrical properties of semicrystalline and rapidly cooled amorphous samples. In the loss spectra measured at low temperature, the occurrence of two dielectric relaxations was evidenced: local (β) and segmental (α). For each of the investigated electrolytes, the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity and the frequency of α relaxation could be described by the VTF function with the same value of parameter T₀, which indicated close coupling of both phenomena. The local (β) relaxation exhibited an Arrhenius type temperature dependence. With increasing amount of salt, two effects were observed for amorphous samples: an increase of the glass transition temperature T_g affecting the α relaxation and changes of structure of PEO:LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ complexes reflected in shift of the β relaxation frequency. Crystallization caused decrease of both the ionic conductivity and the strength of dielectric relaxations. The presence of crystalline phase was also reflected in a shift of the T_g of amorphous phase remaining in the system with respect to the T_g of amorphous electrolyte obtained by rapid cooling.     

Nanocrystalline ZnS dispersed in polymer electrolyte (PEO :NH4I): Preparation and electrical conductivity measurements

Nano-composites of a polymer electrolyte PEO:NH₄I (80:20) have been prepared by dispersing nano-size ZnS crystallites in it. The measured band gap of dispersed ZnS is 3.9 eV and its particle size as estimated from the XRD linewidths is 11 nm. Detailed I–V and polarisation studies show that the composite polymer film is a mixed (ionic+electronic) conductor and that the dispersoid ZnS is n-type. The total electrical conductivity Vs composition studies show two peaks at the ZnS concentrations of 4 and 10wt% which can be qualitatively explained on the basis of two-percolation threshold model.     

Electrical conductivity of new zinc phosphate glass/metal composites

Zinc phosphate–glass/metal composites have been successfully prepared. Glass with composition of 45 mol% ZnO–55 mol% P₂O₅ (ZP) has been filled with metallic powders (nickel and cobalt). The glass matrix thermal stability has been assessed by differential thermal analysis technique. The morphology has been examined by scanning electronic microscopy, showing almost homogenous composites. Comparison between the measured and calculated densities as a function of metallic content exhibits a good coherence and allows the estimation of porosity inside the composites. X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed that the ZP-matrix phase is amorphous when the temperature treatment is below the glass transition temperature T_g. However, the principal peaks observed in the case of the composites have been assigned to the metallic crystals of nickel or cobalt fillers. It has been found that the phosphate glass phase is not affected by the growing of the metallic network. The electronic conductivity measurements versus filler volume fraction have been investigated for the first time on phosphate–glass/metal composites. This study has shown the occurrence of a conducting transition at around 30% filler volume fraction. The obtained result has been interpreted on the basis of the statistical percolation theory frame.     

Synthesis and physico-chemical properties of composites based on nanostructured zinc oxide and polyaniline

Composites based on polyaniline and nanostructured zinc oxide were synthesized by mechanical mixing and the method of in situ polymerization and their physicochemical properties were studied. The electrical conductivity, surface structure and morphology of composites have been investigated. It is shown that the method of synthesis and quantity of filler affects the morphology and physicochemical properties of composite materials. An addition of various quantities of mineral filler to composite allows controlling conductivity of obtained materials. XRD-analysis of composite materials synthesized by in situ polymerization confirms the interaction of the components of the composite.