电子直线加速器X射线转换靶设计

设计了用于BF-5电子直线加速器的X射线转换靶。采用蒙特卡罗模拟程序优化计算了靶材厚度;设计了转换靶的冷却结构,并采用有限元方法模拟计算了水冷效果;依据设计的结构参数,计算了转换靶产生X射线的剂量分布及能谱分布。结果表明:靶体温度控制在40 ℃以下,转换靶在该条件下能够长期稳定工作; X射线平均能量为0.65 MeV,在转换靶正前方1 m处吸收剂量可达6 Gy/min。     

电子直线加速器X射线转换靶设计

设计了用于BF-5电子直线加速器的X射线转换靶。采用蒙特卡罗模拟程序优化计算了靶材厚度;设计了转换靶的冷却结构,并采用有限元方法模拟计算了水冷效果;依据设计的结构参数,计算了转换靶产生X射线的剂量分布及能谱分布。结果表明：靶体温度控制在40 ℃以下,转换靶在该条件下能够长期稳定工作; X射线平均能量为0.65 MeV,在转换靶正前方1 m处吸收剂量可达6 Gy/min。     

医用质子直线加速器的设计研究

讨论用于治癌的低束流高能量质子直线加速器的初步物理设计.采用短脉冲和高重复频率的S波段的加速结构,类似于医用电子直线加速器.总长26m,由离子源、RFQ、DTL、SCDTL及SCL组成,能量经70—200MeV有八档可调,平均束流强度10—40nA.     

医用质子加速器注入器7MeV漂移管直线加速器的设计

 针对质子治癌直线加速器功耗少、长度短的要求,设计了一台工作频率为324 MHz的漂移管型质子直线加速器(DTL)。该DTL把粒子从2.5 MeV加速到7 MeV,功耗为265 kW, 总长1.9 m。横向聚焦采用FODO结构,漂移管内放置永磁铁。提出一种新的束流匹配方案,在射频四极场加速器(RFQ)与DTL之间不设束运线,而是以 DTL入口处的4个单元为匹配段,把RFQ出口处相椭圆匹配到DTL周期结构入口处的相椭圆。 用PARMILA程序对该DTL进行了动力学模拟,结果表明该方案的束流发射度增长很小。     

医用质子加速器注入器7 MeV漂移管直线加速器的设计

针对质子治癌直线加速器功耗少、长度短的要求,设计了一台工作频率为324 MHz的漂移管型质子直线加速器(DTL)。该DTL把粒子从2.5 MeV加速到7 MeV,功耗为265 kW, 总长1.9 m。横向聚焦采用FODO结构,漂移管内放置永磁铁。提出一种新的束流匹配方案,在射频四极场加速器(RFQ)与DTL之间不设束运线,而是以 DTL入口处的4个单元为匹配段,把RFQ出口处相椭圆匹配到DTL周期结构入口处的相椭圆。 用PARMILA程序对该DTL进行了动力学模拟,结果表明该方案的束流发射度增长很小。     

利用FLUKA研究加速器生产医用放射性同位素的产额

针对目前核医学广泛关注的医用放射性同位素99Mo/99mTc、64,67Cu、68Ge/68Ga、82Sr/82Rb、211At、225Ac等,本文利用FLUKA程序对加速器生产上述同位素的产额及产物分布进行了研究。研究表明,医用放射性同位素的产额随束流能量增加而增加,增加趋势逐渐降低;产额随辐照时间的增长而增加,随辐照后冷却时间的增长而降低,变化情况主要取决于目标医用同位素的半衰期;入射束流在同位素靶的有效射程内产生医用放射性同位素,选取合适的靶厚可以优化目标医用同位素的比活度值等;此外,束流能量越高产生的杂质核素种类及产额也相应增加,合适的辐照能区和辐照时间等,可以降低后续目标医用同位素分离纯化等工作的复杂程度。本文通过FLUKA的计算初步为加速器生产医用同位素提供了重要的依据。     

电子加速器屏蔽室空间散射的蒙特卡罗计算

为解决电子直线加速器屏蔽室的空间散射计算相关问题,采用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP4B进行模拟,使用分步计算的方法,结合分裂和轮盘赌技巧,计算出9MeV驻波直线加速器运行时的空间散射剂量率大小.并实际测量了加速器运行时屏蔽室周围距地面上方1m处的空间散射剂量分布.将计算得到的结果、计算空间散射的经验公式结果和实际测量的结果三者进行了比较分析.结果表明:蒙特卡罗方法计算值比较符合实际测量值,经验公式计算值则存在一定的偏差.     

30MeV医用回旋加速器气体靶束流线的研制

中国原子能科学研究院于1994年研究建成我国第一台医用强流回旋加速器CYCIAE-30及配套放射性同位素生产线,目前为了增加气体靶以生产新品种医用同位素,在原有束流输运线的基础上开展了束流输运系统的升级改造方案设计,包括束流线的总体布局考虑和光学设计,并根据束流光学设计的结果,进行了新增柬流线上电磁元件的设计.在物理设计的基础上,还进行了施工设计以及各分系统的加工、调试、安装,并以物理设计得到的参数为依据进行了束流调试,靶上得到的束斑与理论值有较好的符合,满足设计要求.     

氚钛薄膜靶中氚深度分布的反演

金属氚化物中体相氚的总量和深度分布测定是体相中氚行为研究的难点,利用氚衰变诱发X射线谱的氚分析技术分析了金属薄膜靶中体相氚的深度分布情况,建立了薄膜靶中氚深度分布计算模型,利用Tikhonov正则化方法反演了薄膜靶中体相氚的深度分布。反演结果表明,正则化数值算法能够有效提高对薄膜靶法向非均匀性的分辨。     

氚钛薄膜靶中氚深度分布的反演

金属氚化物中体相氚的总量和深度分布测定是体相中氚行为研究的难点,利用氚衰变诱发X射线谱的氚分析技术分析了金属薄膜靶中体相氚的深度分布情况,建立了薄膜靶中氚深度分布计算模型,利用Tikhonov正则化方法反演了薄膜靶中体相氚的深度分布。反演结果表明,正则化数值算法能够有效提高对薄膜靶法向非均匀性的分辨。     

光电观察系统对海作用距离测试与评价方法

通过分析光电观察系统的使用方法、工作过程以及对海上目标作用距离的影响因素,探讨了使用探测距离、识别距离和辨识距离等三项测量指标作为评价成像系统作用距离性能的合理性,研究了成像系统对海上目标作用距离测试方法和数据处理方法。     

Dose rate estimates due to gas bremsstrahlung for a photon shutter and collimator unit of the VESPERS beamline at the Canadian Light Source

A radiation shielding study against primary and secondary gas bremsstrahlung is carried out for a tungsten collimator/stop, which is one of the components employed in the VESPERS beamline at the Canadian Light Source. The dose and dose rate are obtained by calculating the energy deposition in a water phantom which surrounds the collimator/stop unit. The dose rate behind a vacuum hole of the collimator/stop which leads to the experimental hutch is closely examined. The dose rates are further investigated with the addition of a tungsten shutter that is positioned in front of the collimator/stop.     

Simultaneous estimation of the temperature and heat rate distributions within the combustion region by a new inverse radiation analysis

A new inverse radiation analysis is presented for estimating the heat rate and temperature distributions in the combustion region from the information of the temperature and heat flux profiles of wall elements in the system. The Monte Carlo method is employed to solve the radiative heat transfer equation. The inverse radiation problem is posed as a minimization problem of the least squares criterion, which is solved by the conjugate gradient method. The performance of the present technique of inverse analysis is evaluated and the effects of the errors of the absorption coefficient, emissivity and convective heat transfer coefficient on the inverse analysis are investigated. The results show that the present technique is robust and yields accurate estimation even with noisy measurement.     

用逐次逼近迭代法分析含空间滤波器的多程激光放大系统的逆问题

基于Ｆｒａｎｔｚ－Ｎｏｄｖｉｋ（Ｆ－Ｎ）方程和广义惠更斯－菲涅耳衍射积分，提出了解决含空间滤波器的多程激光放大系统的逆问题的迭代算法，并作了数值计算了，所得的数值计算方法和有关结果可用于高功率多程激光放大系统的设计。     

基于PML边界的有限差分法及其在光波导泄漏损耗计算中的应用

利用结合完美匹配层(PML)边界的有限差分法计算了光波导的泄漏损耗.通过采用非均匀格点差分格式和反正切坐标变换的方法,有效地减小了计算量并提高了计算精度.分析了PI(polyimide)掩埋型波导和SOI(silicon-on-insulator)脊型波导两种典型结构的泄漏损耗,给出了波导结构尺寸对泄漏损耗的影响,并对有效减小泄漏损耗的方法进行了讨论.     

Statistical and Criticality Analysis of the Lower Ionosphere Prior to the 30 October 2020 Samos (Greece) Earthquake (M6.9), Based on VLF Electromagnetic Propagation Data as Recorded by a New VLF/LF Receiver Installed in Athens (Greece)

In this work we present the statistical and criticality analysis of the very low frequency (VLF) sub-ionospheric propagation data recorded by a VLF/LF radio receiver which has recently been established at the University of West Attica in Athens (Greece). We investigate a very recent, strong (M6.9), and shallow earthquake (EQ) that occurred on 30 October 2020, very close to the northern coast of the island of Samos (Greece). We focus on the reception data from two VLF transmitters, located in Turkey and Israel, on the basis that the EQ’s epicenter was located within or very close to the 5th Fresnel zone, respectively, of the corresponding sub-ionospheric propagation path. Firstly, we employed in our study the conventional analyses known as the nighttime fluctuation method (NFM) and the terminator time method (TTM), aiming to reveal any statistical anomalies prior to the EQ’s occurrence. These analyses revealed statistical anomalies in the studied sub-ionospheric propagation paths within ~2 weeks and a few days before the EQ’s occurrence. Secondly, we performed criticality analysis using two well-established complex systems’ time series analysis methods—the natural time (NT) analysis method, and the method of critical fluctuations (MCF). The NT analysis method was applied to the VLF propagation quantities of the NFM, revealing criticality indications over a period of ~2 weeks prior to the Samos EQ, whereas MCF was applied to the raw receiver amplitude data, uncovering the time excerpts of the analyzed time series that present criticality which were closest before the Samos EQ. Interestingly, power-law indications were also found shortly after the EQ’s occurrence. However, it is shown that these do not correspond to criticality related to EQ preparation processes. Finally, it is noted that no other complex space-sourced or geophysical phenomenon that could disturb the lower ionosphere did occur during the studied time period or close after, corroborating the view that our results prior to the Samos EQ are likely related to this mainshock.