主族金属元素的氢-元素键及碳-元素键的键能计算

考察化合物能量水平的基本参数是分子中的键能,七十年代初期,R.T.Sanderson 对键能的计算问题,提出分享键能(Contributing Bond Energy,CBE)的概念,他把极性共价键的能量分解为非极性共价键的 E_c 和离子键的 E_i,它们在该键中所占的比量分别用系数 t_c 和 t_i 表示,则键能的计算公式是:CBE=t_cE_c t_iE_i     

α、β、γ、δ-四苯基卟啉和稀土乙酰丙酮-α、β、γ、δ-四苯基卟啉的共振喇曼光谱研究

本文用4579A、5145A等激发线激发,测得α、β、γ、δ、-四苯基卟啉(TP_1)和12个稀土乙酰丙酮-α、β、γ、δ、-四苯基卟啉(MTPP acac)的共振喇曼光谱,对其共振特性和结构对称性进行了讨论.指认370cm~(-1)附近谱带为MTPPacac的M—O键对称拉伸振动谱带.     

时间域方法分析镍卟啉的共振拉曼强度与S2激发态结构

研究了入射光波长与S0→S2跃迁共振的情形下,卟啉镍配合物（NiP）的振动拉曼光谱。用时间域方法计算了NiP的共振拉曼强度和吸收光谱。结果表明,相对于基态,S2态NiP的分子构型沿着ν8和ν2简正坐标有较大的位移。这些简正坐标主要涉及卟啉环的CαCm键和CβCβ键伸缩运动,以及CαCmCα变角运动。与基态相比, S2态的CβCβ、 CαCm和CαN键分别增大0.27、 0.14、 0.07 pm,而CαCβ键则减小0.20 pm,与前人的赝势分子轨道计算（SPMO）结果相近。还从RR强度角度讨论了S2态的Jahn-Teller畸变。     

从无键共振看气相中醇的酸性顺序

通过比较C—O单键和CO双键的键能,预测醇的共轭碱很容易通过无键共振形成CO双键。由于C—C键能远小于C—H键能,所以甲基比氢原子更容易通过形成无键共振来稳定烷氧基负离子,由此导致气相中的酸性顺序为:(CH3)3COH(CH3)2CHOHCH3CH2OHCH3OH。这个观点得到了量子化学计算的支持。     

高分子键联金属卟啉的合成及催化性能的研究

本文合成了一种新型大环网状高分子聚苯乙烯键联的四(4-吡啶基)卟啉和四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉的金属配合物。考察了它们在正己烷羟基化反应中的催化性能。结果表明: 四(4-吡啶基)卟啉锰和高分子键联后稳定性增加, 且活性有所提高。     

N6H6结构和性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的b3lyp方法在6-311＋＋G**基组上对15种分子式为N₆H₆的氮氢化合物进行了理论计算, 并且应用了自然键轨道理论(Nature Bond Orbital, NBO)和分子中的原子理论(Atoms In Molecules, AIM)分析了这些化合物的成键特征和相对稳定性. NBO分析表明N原子孤对电子到相邻的氮氮键的超共轭作用是影响氮氮键长变化的主要因素, AIM计算的氮氮键的键临界点电荷密度与键长呈反比关系. 而且, NBO的立体和超共轭分析表明立体交换排斥能和超共轭作用对这些分子的相对稳定性起了重要作用. G3MP2计算结果表明氮氢化合物的生成热均为正, 并且环状分子的能量和生成热都高于链状分子.     

N6H6结构和性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的b3lyp方法在6-311＋＋G**基组上对15种分子式为N₆H₆的氮氢化合物进行了理论计算, 并且应用了自然键轨道理论(Nature Bond Orbital, NBO)和分子中的原子理论(Atoms In Molecules, AIM)分析了这些化合物的成键特征和相对稳定性. NBO分析表明N原子孤对电子到相邻的氮氮键的超共轭作用是影响氮氮键长变化的主要因素, AIM计算的氮氮键的键临界点电荷密度与键长呈反比关系. 而且, NBO的立体和超共轭分析表明立体交换排斥能和超共轭作用对这些分子的相对稳定性起了重要作用. G3MP2计算结果表明氮氢化合物的生成热均为正, 并且环状分子的能量和生成热都高于链状分子.     

超价分子SO2和SO3成键性的研究

SO2,SO3和H2SO4这样的分子,由于其中S原子的"超价”(supervalent)而被称为"超价分子”.对于它们的成键特性,除早期价键理论的共振论观点外,一般都采用简单分子轨道理论观点加以解释,认为在SO2和SO3分子中,诸原子在同一平面上,S原子sp2杂化,与O原子形成σ键,S的另一个p轨道与分子平面垂直,其余O原子也各有一个与分子平面垂直的p轨道,这些p轨道线性组合形成离域π轨道.SO2中的离域π键是Π43,SO3中则是Π64.之后对S原子d轨道是否参与成键的研究表明,S的dπ轨道可以与O的pπ轨道形成π键,认为S原子d轨道参与了π键的形成[1,2].本文通过分子轨道理论的自洽场法从头算和价键理论的广义价键法(Generalized Valence Bond,GVB)计算,根据计算结果对SO2和SO3的成键性做进一步的讨论.......     

细胞色素P-450酶模型的研究:过氧化物的化学反应机理

含有铁卟啉化合物活性中心的细胞色素P-450和其它过氧化物酶具有重要的生物化学功能. 本文讨论了铁卟啉模型物模拟这些酶功能的反应机理. 通过与已知的过氧化物中氧氧键均裂机理的比较, 以及对大部分溶液反应的研究, 表明在过氧化物(包括过氧酸)与铁卟啉生成活性中间体( Fe=O^+.)的过程中, 氧氧键的异裂机理占主导地位. 过氧化物如同其它氧化剂受物(如烯烃)一样, 能快速地直接与 FeO^+反应. 以铁卟啉为催化剂的过氧化物反应体系为我们提供了研究模拟催化酶的人工模型体系.     

四苯基卟啉及其金属配合物在溴化银胶体上的表面增强喇曼光谱研究

研究了四苯基卟啉(H2TPP)及其金属配合物(AgTPP和MgTPP)在AgBr胶体上的表面增强喇曼光谱(SERS).SERS光谱表明,吸附在AgBr胶体粒子表面的MgTPP和H2TPP分子分别发生银离子交换和银配位反应生成AgTPP,这种表面反应可能与激光照射有关.AgTPP分子在胶体粒子表面的吸附导致卟啉大环的非平面化,使vs振动(M-N键伸缩振动)向高波数方向移动近10 cm-1.632.8 nm激发下的表面喇曼谱以化学增强为主,而488.0 nm激发下表面喇曼谱除化学增强效应外,还存在共振增强效应.     

Dissociation energies and charge distribution of the Co-NO bond for nitrosyl-alpha,beta,gamma,delta-tetraphenylporphinatocobalt(II) and nitrosyl-alpha,beta,gamma,delta-tetraphenylporphinatocobalt(III) in benzonitrile solution

The first two series of Co-NO bond dissociation enthalpies in benzonitrile solution were determined for 12 cobalt(II) nitrosyl porphyrins and for 12 cobalt(III) nitrosyl porphyrins by titration calorimetry with suitable thermodynamic cycles. The results display that the energy scales of the heterolytic Co(III)-NO bond dissociation, the homolytic Co(III)-NO bond dissociation, and the homolytic Co(II)-NO bond dissociation are 14.7-23.2, 15.1-17.5, and 20.8-24.6 kcal/mol in benzonitrile solution, respectively, which not only indicates that the thermodynamic stability of cobalt(II) nitrosyl porphyrins is larger than that of the corresponding cobalt(III) nitrosyl porphyrins for homolysis in benzonitrile solution but also suggests that both cobalt(III) nitrosyl porphyrins and cobalt(II) nitrosyl porphyrins are excellent NO donors, and in addition, cobalt(III) nitrosyl porphyrins are also excellent NO(+) contributors. Hammett-type linear free energy analyses suggest that the nitrosyl group carries negative charges of 0.49 +/- 0.06 and 0.27 +/- 0.04 in T(G)PPCo(II)NO and in T(G)PPCo(III)NO, respectively, which indicates that nitric oxide is an electron-withdrawing group both in T(G)PPCo(II)NO and in T(G)PPCo(III)NO, behaving in a manner similar to Lewis acids rather than to Lewis bases. The energetic and structural information disclosed in the present work is believed to furnish hints to the understanding of cobalt nitrosyl porphyrins' biological functions in vivo.     

Study of the Suppression of Porphyrin Emission upon Addition of Rare Earth Ions

A topic of constant investigation in recent decades has been the study of electron and/or energy transfer reactions in supramolecular systems. The energy transfer between donor-acceptor depends on the influence of the substituent in the intersystem crossing. The competition between the radiative and non-radiative processes also depends on other factors such as temperature, solvent and energy gap. In this work, we have studied the suppression of the emission of monocarboxyphenyl porphyrins after addition of rare earth ions (RE(III)). The porphyrin emission decreases with the addition of RE(III), no matter which ion is present. When Eu(III) was used, the emission of this ion was not observed either. This suppression happens due to the effect of the heavy atom and not due to the energy transfer through electronic levels between the porphyrin and the RE(III). After the addition of RE(III), the lifetime for MCTPPH₂ started to decay biexponentially, indicating the formation of a new species (MCTPPH₂-RE(III)) of a shorter lifetime. The presence of NO₂ groups in the ortho mesoaryl positions of MCTNPPH₂ and the presence of Zn(II) in Zn(MCTPP) decreased both the porphyrin lifetime and emission due to an increase in the spin-orbit coupling.     

有生物活性的稀土-腺苷三磷酸系列物的合成及其量子化学理论计算的研究

本文首次报道合成了稀土-腺苷三磷酸固态配合物RE(III)-ATP)RE=Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu)。运用红外、激光raman、热分析、紫外、顺磁、X射线衍射、元素分析、配位滴定等技术测定了上述配合物的化学组成和分子结构, 其分子式用通式表为[RE(III)(HATP)(H2O)4]。采用量子化学INDO方法计算了系列物的电子结构, 依据计算结果讨论了生物化学中高能磷酸键的本质。     

Electrolytic electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of quaterthiophene-bridged bisporphyrins: beyond the identification tool

Several quaterthiophene-bridged bisporphyrins were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The active centers of these molecular assemblies are two porphyrins moieties complexed (Z) or not (H) with a metal ion, typically Zn(2+), and the spacer is a quaterthiophene. The two end-groups were chemically linked to the quaterthiophene spacers by (i) a C--C single bond, (ii) a trans double bond or (iii) a triple bond. The formation of charged species either by protonation ([M + H](+) and [M + 2H](2+)) or electron(s) loss (M(+) and M(2+)), account for the occurrence of electrochemical processes in the basic operation of an electrospray source acting in a non-aqueous solvent. The nature of the observed charged species is correlated with the electro-oxidation properties and proton production by electro-oxidation of residual water. The occurence of these electrochemical reaction is proposed when the electroactivity of the electrosprayed substrates is not sufficient to support the current demand of the ESI source. In this way, the results obtained from the analysed series suggest the occurrence of such a process when the interfacial potential of the metal capillary reaches a value of 0.75 V vs Ag/AgCl. The results of theoretical calculations confirm the importance of the ionization energy with regard to the protonation energy in the course of the ionization reaction. The structural differences at the porphyrin-linker junctions lead to significantly smaller ionization energy in the case of the trans double bond. The MS observation of discharged dimers from molecular assemblies, including two complexed porphyrins ZZ or two free bases HH as end-group and a triple bond as the quaterthiophene-bisporphyrin junction, indicates together with molecular modelling (carried out at the semi-empirical PM3 level), that the planar and symmetric structures favour stacking.     

Endocyclic extension of porphyrin pi-system by interior functionalization of N-confused porphyrins

Internally alkynylated or cyanated N-confused porphyrins have been prepared, and these have been characterized by NMR, UV/Vis/NIR absorption, and X-ray analysis. The desired porphyrins have been synthesized by interconversion between an N-confused porphyrin and an N-fused porphyrin. In the case of terminal alkyne derivatives, intramolecular addition of a pyrrolic NH moiety to the triple bond occurred at ambient temperature to give etheno-bridged N-confused porphyrins. Significant bathochromic shifts in the absorbances of these compounds may be reasonably explained in terms of an increase in their HOMO energy levels due to effective overlap of the porphyrin pi-orbital and the bridged alkene pi-orbital. The corresponding rhodium(I) complexes have also been prepared, and these have been characterized by NMR and X-ray analysis.     

Hydrogen‐Atom Abstraction Reactions by Manganese(V)– and Manganese(IV)–Oxo Porphyrin Complexes in Aqueous Solution

High‐valent manganese(IV or V)–oxo porphyrins are considered as reactive intermediates in the oxidation of organic substrates by manganese porphyrin catalysts. We have generated Mn^V– and Mn^IV–oxo porphyrins in basic aqueous solution and investigated their reactivities in C? H bond activation of hydrocarbons. We now report that Mn^V– and Mn^IV–oxo porphyrins are capable of activating C? H bonds of alkylaromatics, with the reactivity order of Mn^V–oxo>Mn^IV–oxo; the reactivity of a Mn^V–oxo complex is 150 times greater than that of a Mn^IV–oxo complex in the oxidation of xanthene. The C? H bond activation of alkylaromatics by the Mn^V– and Mn^IV–oxo porphyrins is proposed to occur through a hydrogen‐atom abstraction, based on the observations of a good linear correlation between the reaction rates and the C? H bond dissociation energy (BDE) of substrates and high kinetic isotope effect (KIE) values in the oxidation of xanthene and dihydroanthracene (DHA). We have demonstrated that the disproportionation of Mn^IV–oxo porphyrins to Mn^V–oxo and Mn^III porphyrins is not a feasible pathway in basic aqueous solution and that Mn^IV–oxo porphyrins are able to abstract hydrogen atoms from alkylaromatics. The C? H bond activation of alkylaromatics by Mn^V– and Mn^IV–oxo species proceeds through a one‐electron process, in which a Mn^IV–‐oxo porphyrin is formed as a product in the C? H bond activation by a Mn^V–oxo porphyrin, followed by a further reaction of the Mn^IV–oxo porphyrin with substrates that results in the formation of a Mn^III porphyrin complex. This result is in contrast to the oxidation of sulfides by the Mn^V–oxo porphyrin, in which the oxidation of thioanisole by the Mn^V–oxo complex produces the starting Mn^III porphyrin and thioanisole oxide. This result indicates that the oxidation of sulfides by the Mn^V–oxo species occurs by means of a two‐electron oxidation process. In contrast, a Mn^IV–oxo porphyrin complex is not capable of oxidizing sulfides due to a low oxidizing power in basic aqueous solution.     

How to properly compute the resonance energy within the ab initio valence bond theory: a response to the ZHJVL paper

Valence bond (VB) theory describes a conjugated system by a set of electron-localized Lewis resonance structures. VB assumes that the magnitude of the intramolecular electron delocalization can be measured in terms of a resonance energy (RE), taken to be the energy difference between the real conjugated system (delocalized) and the corresponding most stable virtual resonance structure (localized). Proper RE estimates within VB theory require both delocalized and localized states to be defined at the same theoretical level, and the definition of the localized state to closely correspond to the intuitive picture of the corresponding VB structure. In contrast, the VB-delocal and VB-local computational approaches adopted by Zielinski, et al. [preceding paper in this issue] used definitions for either the delocalized or the localized states which, in our view, depart from the intuitive chemical picture. Consequently, their RE estimates are much lower than seemingly appropriate experimental evaluations with which they strongly disagree. Very large basis sets approaching completeness blur the boundaries among resonance structures and result in “basis set artifact” problems within any variant of VB theory. However, block-localized wavefunction (BLW) computations with mid-size basis sets not only exhibit insignificant variations with theoretical levels, but the resulting RE estimates also are justified by comparisons with those employing experimental data and MO computations. We stress that RE differs from the aromatic stabilization energy (ASE). The RE measures the total stabilization of an aromatic system, whereas ASE measures only the part of the RE that exceeds that of appropriate conjugated (but non-aromatic) reference molecules.     

Generalized valence bond orbital interactions and stabilization (resonance) energies. Part IV. Fullerene-C70

For the molecule fullerene-C₇₀ (one of the higher fullerenes) the stabilization energy (SE)/resonance energy (RE) has been determined in a generalized valence bond (GVB) set-up from the minimization (stabilization) energy associated with Pauli's orbital interactions (POIs) involving all its 70 2p_z GVB carbon orbitals. For this purpose, fullerene-C₇₀ has been considered to contain, at any one time, a unit of four independent carbon skeletons of phenanthrene/anthracene on its spheroidal surface, which have been selected from 25 hexagonal carbon rings present within it in 14 different ways. POIs have been considered in all the phenanthrene/anthracene skeletons and the SE/RE for the molecule has been calculated on the basis of the average contribution of each hexagonal carbon ring in the overall POI process.     

Synthese et caracterisation par RMN 1H d'alkyl(aryl)ferriporphyrines a liaison σ metalcarbone

A series of alkyl(aryl)iron(III) porphyrins with a metalcarbon σ bond has been prepared either by action of an organomagnesium compound on iron(III) chloride porphyrins or by oxidative addition of alkyl halides to iron(I) porphyrins. ¹H NMR data have been used to characterize the products obtained.     

Homolytic versus Heterolytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Steered by a Steric Effect

Several H?H bond forming pathways have been proposed for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Revealing these HER mechanisms is of fundamental importance for the rational design of catalysts and is also extremely challenging. Now, an unparalleled example of switching between homolytic and heterolytic HER mechanisms is reported. Three nickel(II) porphyrins were designed and synthesized with distinct steric effects by introducing bulky amido moieties to ortho‐ or para‐positions of the meso‐phenyl groups. These porphyrins exhibited different catalytic HER behaviors. For these Ni porphyrins, although their 1e‐reduced forms are active to reduce trifluoroacetic acid, the resulting Ni hydrides (depending on the steric effects of porphyrin rings) have different pathways to make H₂. Understanding HER processes, especially controllable switching between homolytic and heterolytic H?H bond formation pathways through molecular engineering, is unprecedented in electrocatalysis.