Theory and experimental realization of negative refraction in a metallic helix array

We developed a theory to compute and interpret the photonic band structure of a periodic array of metallic helices. Interesting features of the band structure include longitudinal and circularly polarized eigenmodes and wide polarization gap. The helical symmetry also implies unusual features such as negative group velocity bands at both sides of the polarization gap and band crossings pinned at the zone boundary. A direct proof of negative refraction via a chiral route is achieved for the first time by measuring the spatial beam shift through a slab of the three-dimensional helices.     

Frequency bands of negative refraction in finite one-dimensional photonic crystals

We have discussed theoretically the negative refraction in finite one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) composed of alternative layers with high index contrast. The frequency bands of negative refraction are obtained with the help of the photonic band structure, the group velocity and the power transmittance, which are all obtained in analytical expression. There shows negative transverse position shift at the endface when negative refraction occurs, which is analysed in detail.     

Tunable positive and negative refraction in optically induced photonic lattices

We study tunable refraction of light in one-dimensional periodic lattices induced optically in a photorefractive crystal. We observe experimentally both positive and negative refraction of beams that selectively excite the first or second spectral bands of the periodic lattice, and we demonstrate tunability of the output beam position by dynamically adjusting the lattice depth. At higher laser intensities, beam broadening due to diffraction can be suppressed through nonlinear self-focusing while preserving the general steering properties.     

Tunable beam splitting and negative refraction in heterostructure with metamaterial

The dispersion characteristics of one-dimensional heterostructure with metamaterial is presented. We give a theoretical analysis and numerical simulations for tunable beam splitting and negative refraction. By adjusting the lattice constant of the heterostructure or the permeability of the metamaterial, the splitting angle can be tuned. Interestingly, if both the average permittivity and permeability are zero, the splitting angle will be 180 degrees. Moreover, when the permeability of metamaterial is small enough, the light cannot propagate in the heterostructure if the incident angle is less than the critical angle. And as soon as the incident angle is larger than the critical angle, negative refraction will occur. In addition, the negative refraction can also be tuned.     

光学马格努斯效应中的横向角移分析

从平面角谱理论出发,建立了光束在空气和玻璃界面折射的传输模型.基于这一模型,揭示了光学马格努斯效应中的横向角移现象.对于特定的线偏振和椭圆偏振光束,其折射场重心出现了横向角移,而当入射光束为圆偏振时,横向角移则会消失.在正负折射率界面,光束的横向角移产生了反转现象,这是由于光束在左手材料中发生了负衍射.超高折射率可明显地减少横向角移,而超低折射率则可显著地增强横向角移.这些发现将为如何调控和增强光学马格努斯效应提供理论依据. 关键词： 光学马格努斯效应 横向角移 圆偏振     

Surface plasmon mode steering and negative refraction

The propagation of surface plasmon beams through singly and doubly periodic metallic gratings is analyzed both in real and Fourier spaces. Large beam steering effects are experimentally revealed by probing the isofrequency surfaces (IFS) related to propagating plasmonic Bloch waves inside the gratings. In particular, negative refraction is demonstrated close to the Bragg condition. We analyze how the local structure of the IFS can amplify the sensitivity of surface plasmon-based sensors.     

负折射率介质测试装置设计与测试

为深人了解负折射率媒质的奇异传输特性,基于斯涅耳折射原理,设计并加工了一种用于测试X波段((8.2-12.4GHz),以亚铁磁材料为基体,内嵌金属线阵列宏结构的负折射率介质样品折射特性的实验装置.分别测试了楔形石蜡样品和楔形负折射率介质样品在波段的折射特性,对石蜡样品测试结果的分析证明了该折射特性测试装置的有效性,对负...     

同时实现介电常数和磁导率为负的H型结构单元左手材料

基于用一种结构同时实现材料介电常数和磁导率为负的思想，提出了H型结构单元左手材料模型.采用矩形波导法测试表明，H型结构单元在微波频率范围出现左手透射峰，并且可以由参数t对左手特性区域进行调控.同时利用相位法、棱镜折射法和散射参量法从实验和理论证明了在左手透射峰区域材料的折射率为负值，介电常数和磁导率亦同时为负.相对由金属开口谐振环与金属线两种结构组合实现的左手材料，H型结构集磁谐振与电谐振于一体，结构简单、制备方便，对微波器件左手材料表现出更多的优越性.     

Giant positive and negative lateral shifts from the Kretschmann-Raether configuration with a weakly absorbing left-handed slab

The lateral shift of a TE-polarized beam reflected from the Kretschmann-Raether structure with a weakly absorbing left-handed slab is studied theoretically. It is shown that the lateral shift can be very large negative as well as positive near the resonant condition. These large negative and positive shifts can be one order of magnitude much larger than the shift from the corresponding nonabsorbing slab. As the absorption factor increases, the incident angle of producing largest lateral shift increases when the thickness is kept unchanged but the thickness of the slab of producing largest lateral shift decreases when the incident angle is kept unchanged.     

Negative refraction and imaging beyond the diffraction limit by a two-dimensional left-handed metamaterial

We report our experimental results on two-dimensional left-handed metamaterials (LHM) exhibiting negative refraction and subwavelength imaging. Transmission and reflection spectra of LHM are studied and a left-handed transmission band is observed at the frequencies where both dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability are negative. Impedance matching is verified both with the experiments and simulations. The two-dimensional LHM structure is verified to have a negative refractive index. We employed three different methods to observe negative refraction; refraction through prism-shaped LHM, beam shifting method, and phase shift experiments. We further demonstrated subwavelength imaging and resolution using LHM superlenses. The effect of thickness on the resolving power is investigated experimentally.     

Experiment of Doppler shift of diffraction beam

Optical heterodyne interfering is used to measure the Doppler shift of diffraction beam of moving plane grating. By introducing Doppler shift in reference beam and contrasting the final beat frequency, the Doppler shift is measured to be normal when incident light and diffraction light are in the same side of the normal of periodic plane grating, which shows that abnormal Doppler shift can not occur on the material with “negative refraction phenomenon” caused by periodicity. Periodic two-dimensional photonic crystal with the property of abnormal Doppler shift has equivalent negative refractive index, and the abnormal properties of left-handed materials are not only caused by periodicity.     

Experimental observation of negative lateral displacements of microwave beams transmitting through dielectric slabs

It was theoretically predicted that when a beam of light travels through a thin slab of optically denser medium in the air, the emerging beam from the slab will suffer a lateral displacement that is different from the prediction of geometrical optics, that is, the Snell’s law of refraction and can be zero and negative as well as positive. These phenomena have been directly observed in microwave experiments in which large angles of incidence are chosen for the purpose of obtaining negative lateral displacements.     

Negative lateral shift of a light beam transmitted through a dielectric slab and interaction of boundary effects

It is found that when a light beam travels through a slab of optically denser dielectric medium in air, the lateral shift of the transmitted beam can be negative. This is a novel phenomenon that is reversed in comparison with the geometrical optic prediction according to Snell's law of refraction. A Gaussian-shaped beam is analyzed in the paraxial approximation, and a comparison with numerical simulations is made. Finally, an explanation for the negativity of the lateral shift is suggested, in terms of the interaction of boundary effects of the slab's two interfaces with air.     

高斯光束在单轴挛晶界面上的反射与折射

给出了高斯光束入射到挛晶结构的电磁场分布,解出了反射系数和透射系数。根据晶体的色散关系解出了入射角、反射角和折射角关于晶体参量及波矢的方程,并根据角度方程给出了在一定参量下反射角和折射角关于入射角变化的关系图,以图示的方法显示了光束在界面处的异常性质。根据角度关系和反射、透射系数分析了异常光束在界面处能够出现二性折射、负反射、全透射和全反射等光束的奇特性质;分析了出现这些奇特性质对晶体参量和入射角所要求的条件。根据时间平均的能流密度公式,用数值模拟的方法给出了二性折射、全透射和全反射在特定参量下的高斯光束在挛晶内的能流密度分布图及当发生全反射时不同宽度光束在界面处关于入射角的古斯-亨兴(Goos-Hanchen)位移。     

波状结构二维光子晶体负折射现象的研究

结合波状结构二维(2D)光子晶体(PC)与入射介质两者的等频面结构分析了PC内部的负折射现象，采用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法模拟了高斯光束在波状结构2DPC内的负折射，分别得到了折射角/入射角以及折射角/入射波长之间的关系曲线，当入射角为45°，入射波段在1485—1530nm区域时，波状结构2DPC的负折射角与入射波长近似呈线性变化关系，并带有明显的PC超棱镜效应，采用端面投影方法对波状结构2DPC的入射端面和出射端面进行处理，改善了负折射时的透过率. 关键词： 光子晶体 负折射 等频面     

高斯波束在双负媒质中的传播特性分析

 提出了一种基于Drude色散媒质模型的2维TM模时域有限差分法,数值模拟了高斯波束从自由空间垂直入射和斜入射到双负媒质(介电常数和磁导率同时为负)平板后的折射现象,并给出了平板内外的电场强度分布。模拟结果显示：垂直入射时,双负媒质平板对高斯波束具有汇聚作用,通过改变媒质的折射率,可以控制高斯波束通过组合平板的传播时间而不发生衰减;斜入射时,折射波束与入射波束均位于法线的同一侧,高斯波束在双负媒质与空气交界面处发生了负折射。     

用于相位突变界面的广义的反射定律和折射定律

考虑到位于两物质界面上的Metasurface对光线传播行为的影响, 从费马原理和边界条件连续两种角度出发, 推导了可用于相位突变界面的广义反射与折射定律. 该定律在界面对光波的相位改变量为零的情况下, 回归为通常的反射定律和折射定律. 利用广义的折射定律和反射定律讨论了介质折射率、界面上的相位梯度等因素对光传播行为的影响, 发现利用广义的折射定律和反射定律很容易实现反常反射和反常折射行为, 并给出了出现反常反射和反常折射的条件, 以此为基础可以实现对光波的随意控制. 依据广义的折射定律和反射定律分析了一维相位掩模板对光场传播行为的影响. 关键词： 超材料 相位突变界面 反射定律 折射定律     

Lateral beam shift at transmission through layered structures with negative index material

We studied electromagnetic wave transmission through layered structures that include negative index materials. The excitation of leaky guided modes leads to the formation of anomalous lateral shifts in the reflected beam with a double-peak structure and in the transmitted beam with a single-peak structure. In the absence of losses, we demonstrate that the total transparency (i.e. zero reflection) of the slab waveguide with the negative index material can be achieved under conditions in which high reflectivity is normally expected. We demonstrate the trade-off effect between the high transmission and the high lateral shift. This peculiar effect exists not only for the pure TE or the pure TM polarization of the obliquely incident radiation, but also under certain circumstances for both of them simultaneously i.e. for the nonpolarized radiation.     

Tunable negative refraction without absorption via electromagnetically induced chirality

We show that negative refraction with minimal absorption can be obtained by means of quantum interference effects similar to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Coupling a magnetic dipole transition coherently with an electric dipole transition leads to electromagnetically induced chirality, which can provide negative refraction without requiring negative permeability and also suppress absorption. This technique allows negative refraction in the optical regime at densities where the magnetic susceptibility is still small and with refraction/absorption ratios that are orders of magnitude larger than those achievable previously. Furthermore, the refractive index can be fine-tuned, which is essential for practical realization of subdiffraction-limit imaging. As with EIT, electromagnetically induced chirality should be applicable to a wide range of systems.     

Anomalous lateral beam shift and total absorption due to excitation of surface waves in materials with negative refraction

We studied electromagnetic beam reflection from layered structures that include materials with negative refraction. Excitation of leaky surface waves leads to the formation of anomalous lateral shifts in the reflected beams with single or double peak structures. The presence of reasonable losses within material with negative refraction, besides significant influence on manifestation of the giant lateral shifts, can lead to their total suppression and anomalously high absorption of the incident radiation. If, in addition to the resonant excitation of leaky surface waves, radiation inflow exactly compensates their irreversible damping, total absorption of the incoming radiation can be achieved for moderately wide beams.