异丙基膦酸单（1—己基—4—乙基—辛酯萃淋树脂吸萃重烯土元素（Ⅲ）

本文研究了异丙基膦酸单辛酯萃淋树脂在盐酸介质中对重烯土元素的吸萃平衡，考察了平衡水相酸度对吸附反应的影响，计算了重稀土间的平均分离系数，确定了吸收反应的Ｆｒｅｕｄｌｉｃｈ等温吸附方程。该树脂吸附Ｙｂ的静态饱和容量为６６．５ｍｇＹｎｂ／（ｇ．Ｒ），饱和萃合物的ＩＲ谱表明ＰＴ－２萃淋树脂吸附Ｙｂ的反应为阳离子交换反应。     

氯化甲基三烷基铵萃淋树脂吸萃银的性能及萃合物组成的研究

氯化甲基三烷基铵(CL-7402)萃淋树脂是胺类萃淋树脂,含7402为40％。本文报道了该树脂在中性偏碱性体系中对银元素的静态分布系数。讨论了温度、树脂用量,振摇时间对吸附银的影响。测定了树脂吸附银的饱和容量及树脂的含氮量,由此确定吸萃物的组成比,用红外光谱探讨了该萃淋树脂吸附银的机理。在此基础上,对定影废液中的银进行了吸附与富集,取得了较好的结果。     

互贯网络三乙烯四胺弱碱树脂吸附铼的性能和机理研究

本文研究了三乙烯四胺类互贯网络弱碱树脂从弱碱体系中吸附铼的性能和机理．结果表明，ｐＨ＝１０时，铼的分配系数（ＤＲｅ）为１０．８０ｌ／ｇ，钼的分配系数为零，铼和钼可完全分离．吸附平衡服从Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｓｈ吸附等温式．树脂对铼的静态和动态饱和吸附容量分别为４．８０、５．０３ｍ．ｍｏｌ／ｇ．化学分析表明吸附物中树脂功能基（＝ＮＨ２Ｃｌ）与的摩尔比接近１：１，以离子交换机制吸附．测定了吸附过程的热力学函数，并探讨了铼钼分离的可能性．     

N_（1923）萃淋树脂对钯吸萃性能及机理的研究

Ｎ＿（１９２３）萃淋树脂是胺类萃淋树脂。本文报道了该树脂在酸性体系中对钯的静态分配比。讨论了温度、树脂用量，振摇时间对吸附钯的影响。确定了吸萃物的组成比，并用红外光谱探讨了树脂吸附钯的机理。在此基础上，进行树脂的柱色层试验，结果表明此树脂为萃取色层的新固定相，树脂上吸附的钯可用０．０５０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫脲－０．５０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ溶液解脱，树脂可再生和重复使用。     

TP207树脂吸附La~(3+), Ca~(2+)及La~(3+)/Ca~(2+)分离系数测定研究

通过静态吸附和解吸试验系统研究了氯化体系中TP207树脂吸附La~(3+)和Ca~(2+)的规律,考察了吸附时间、吸附温度、吸附浓度和pH值对树脂吸附容量的影响,以及HCl浓度对负载树脂解吸率的影响,并得出了优化条件下的La~(3+)/Ca~(2+)分离系数。结果表明:在吸附时间5 h,吸附温度25℃和pH值为4.10的条件下, TP207树脂对La~(3+)和Ca~(2+)吸附容量分别为1.25和0.23 mmol·g~(-1)。在此条件下, La~(3+)/Ca~(2+)分离系数超过13,树脂循环利用20次后吸附容量下降10%,为工业生产中提La~(3+)除Ca~(2+)工艺提供了新的技术支持。     

三正辛胺、三异辛胺萃淋树脂对钯萃取色层分析

本文研究了三正辛胺（TOA）、三异辛胶（TIOA）萃淋树脂在酸性体系中对钯的静态分配比、酸度、温度和振荡时间等对吸附钯的影响。元素分析树脂的含氮量，动静态法测定树脂的饱和吸附容量，并通过等摩尔系列法及斜率法确定吸萃物的组成比，同时用红外光谱法探讨了此两种树脂的吸萃机理。     

XDA-1树脂对茶多酚的吸附及吸附柱放大研究

研究了XDA-1树脂对茶多酚的吸附及吸附柱放大规律。建立了XDA-1树脂柱吸附茶多酚过程的传质模型，并根据该模型分别计算了不同操作条件下相应的物质总传质系数及传质区长度．结果表明，在实验操作的流速范围内，过程属于外扩散控制．按照操作线速度相等的原则进行固定床设备的放大，传质区长度的放大误差在10％左右，实验所得传质区长度的结果可作为吸附柱设计的基础．     

PS-TEPA树脂合成及其吸附蛋白质性质

本文以四乙烯五胺与氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯树脂反应合成PS-TEPA树脂。考察了温度、时间、胺用量以及溶剂等合成条件。研究了PS-TEPA树脂吸附牛血清蛋白的条件,包括吸附温度、吸附时间以及蛋白质的用量。结果发现,当以二氯甲烷作分散剂,合成温度为85℃,反应时间为12 h,投料比为32g四乙烯五胺/g树脂条件下,树脂接枝的增重率和氮元素含量最大;当吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间为12 h,牛血清蛋白溶液的浓度为2.0 mg/mL时,PS-TEPA树脂的蛋白吸附量达到80mg/g树脂,吸附回收率为84%。     

新型胺基修饰的超高交联聚合吸附剂吸附水中酚类化合物的研究

合成了新的胺基修饰的超高交联AH系列吸附树脂．以弱碱树脂D301和超高交联吸附树脂ND100为参照，测定了AH系列吸附树脂吸附水中苯酚、对氯苯酚、对甲苯酚、对硝基苯酚的吸附性能。结果表明：修饰的超高交联吸附树脂对苯酚．对甲苯酚、对氟苯酚的吸附量比ND100和D301更大，而D301树脂对对硝基苯酚有最大的吸附量．提出了AH系列树脂对4种酚类化合物吸附行为的作用机理．     

巯基树脂对重金属离子的吸附性能

研究了自合成的巯基树脂对重金属离子Pb^2 、Cu^2 、Cd^2 ．Ni^2 、Co^2 的吸附容量、吸附动力学、等温吸附过程等静态吸附性能，同时研究了影响吸附的因素和吸附机理．结果表明，该树脂对软酸型重金属离子吸附容量高．pH=5．0-5．7，低温有利于吸附，树脂对各重金属离子等温吸附在实验浓度范围内均符合Langmuir和Freundnch方程．吸附机理研究表明，巯基与重金属离子发生了离子交换和配位反应，化学吸附起支配作用。     

Anion Exchange Separation of Rare Earths in Methanol-Nitric Acid Mixed Solutions I. Study on the Distribution Coefficients and Column Elution Method

Anion exchange method for the mutual separation of rare earth was studied in methanol-nitric acid mixed solutions. For each of rare earth element, the distribution coefficients in different concentrations of nitric acid and also in various compositions of methanol solution were studied with the batch equilibrium method. From these distribution coefficients, elution of rare earth by gradient variation in the compositions of methonal was devised. That is, by keeping constant nitric acid at 2 N acidity and gradiently diluting methanol from its original 80% by volume. Results were satisfactory for the mutual separation of the lighter rare earths, but only fairly for the heavier earths. The secondary metal effect for this anion exchange was also studied in 80% by volume of methanol solution by keeping total concentration of nitrate at 0.8 N. Distribution coefficients were larger than nitric acid with LiNO₃ but smaller in the case of NH₄NO₃ and NaNO₃. Despite of these difference in distribution coefficients, no remarkable differences were observed for the separation factors of adjacent pairs.     

Extraction of rare earth elements by high molecular weight amines from nitric acid solutions

Extraction of trivalent rare earth elements by a high molecular weight primary amine /decylamine/ from 0.5–3M nitric acid solutions, containing potassium phosphotungstate /K₁₀P₂W₁₇O₆₁/, has been investigated. The effect of nitric acid and potassium phosphotungstate concentration of the organic solvent, and lanthanides ionic radii upon distribution coefficients has been studied. It has been established that decylamine solutions in chloroform can be used for the group isolation of rare earth elements and for their separation.     

Mutual Separation of Rare Earths in Monazite with Cation Exchange Elution Chromatography

Mutual separation of the individual rare earth elements (exception of cerium) in monazite from different districts was investigated by cation exchange elution method. Strong acid type cation exchange resin, Bio-Rad AG 50 Wx8 and eluting solution of a α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (α-HIBA) were used. Radioactivity tagged Eu-152, 154 or Tb-160 were used as radio active indicator for determination of the distribution coefficients by batch method or for the study of column elution conditions. By gradiently increase of the pH values from 3 to 5 in 0.3 M α-HIBA eluting solution, complete mutual separation of individual rare earth elements, exception of Dy and Y, were obtained. Dy and Y could not be separated by this scheme of separation and their elution zones were overlapped. Rare earth mixture samples of monazite from different districts were separated with this scheme and these results were compared. From this comparison followings were noticed; 1. Compositions of rare earth elements in monazite from different districts are evidently not alike. 2. Samples from Brazil and Southwestern Coast of Taiwan are much more alike in their compositions but not for those from Australia and Outskirt Island. 3. Sample from Outskirt Island has higher in contents of heavier rare earths and also Nd was higher than La.     

Electro‐kinetic Separation of Rare Earth Elements Using a Redox‐Active Ligand

Purification of rare earth elements is challenging due to their chemical similarities. All of the deployed separation methods rely on thermodynamic properties, such as distribution equilibria in solvent extraction. Rare‐earth‐metal separations based on kinetic differences have not been examined. Herein, we demonstrate a new approach for rare‐earth‐element separations by exploiting differences in the oxidation rates within a series of rare earth compounds containing the redox‐active ligand [{2‐(t BuN(O))C₆H₄CH₂}₃N]³⁻. Using this method, a single‐step separation factor up to 261 was obtained for the separation of a 50:50 yttrium–lutetium mixture.     

Separation and determination of rare earth elements by Dowex 2-X8 resin using sodium trimetaphosphate as elution agent

The distribution coefficients of rare earth elements and thorium with Dowex 2-X8, 200-400 mesh, a strongly basic anion-exchange resin, have been determined regarding four different concentrations of sodium trimetaphosphate (3 x 10(-3), 5 x 10(-3), 7 x 10(-3) and 0.01 M). The separation of the rare earths and thorium obtained from an Australian monazite has been investigated by anion-exchange chromatography with sodium trimetaphosphate concentration gradient on a Dowex 2-X8 ion-exchange columns. The order of elution of the elements was the reverse of the order of elution of the same elements on Dowex 1 resin. The elution was investigated using 5 mg and 250 mg samples. In the separation of 5 mg samples, all elements were separated in 29 min. It has been seen that the elution peaks are narrow, tailing effects are very small, Dy and Y are well separated. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were realized by spectrofluorometry.     

The solubilities and anion-exchange behavior of rare earth elements in potassium carbonate solutions

The solubilities of rare earth elements (La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er,Tm, Yb,Lu andY) in potassium carbonate solution, and the distribution coefficients of the rare earth ions between the carbonate solution and Dowex I resin were measured. The values obtained show a variation that depends on the concentration of potassium carbonate and atomic number. There is a clearly different tendency in these values between La-Ho and Er-Lu.     

Determination of rare earth elements in geological samples by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after oxalate coprecipitation and cation-exchange column separation

A method for separation and determination of traces of 14 rare earth elements (REEs) in geological samples is described. Determination by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry follows oxalate coprecipitation of the REEs with calcium as carrier and cation- exchange column separation in nitric acid. The combination of the two separation techniques improved the low recoveries found for Sm, Eu, and Gd when only ion-exchange was used, especially for iron- and aluminum-rich samples. The method was applied to the analysis of geological standard materials NBS SRM 688 (basalt), NBS SRM 278 (obsidian), GSJ JB-1 (basalt), GSJ JA- 2 (andesite), and CCRMP SY-3 (syenite). The results were evaluated on the basis of chondrite- normalized rare earth element distribution patterns.     

Seltenerd-Trennung durch verbesserte Craig-Verteilung mit einer vollautomatischen,erweiterten Apparatur

Summary For the separation of mixed rare earth (RE) nitrates by Craig-distribution between nitric acid and tri-n-butylphosphate an improved apparatus was used: 200 elements (tubes) and automatic operation instead of 160 elements and operation by hand. A comparison of the separation was made and the efficiency characterised by the practical separation coefficients _eff and the effective distribution numbern. The new apparatus yielded a better separation of the same quantity ofRE-nitrates or the same separation of a bigger quantity. The conditions seem especially apted for the separation of the heavier yttrium earths.

     

Craig-Verteilung von Seltenerdnitraten im System Tri-n-Butylphosphat—Salpetersäure, 2. Mitt.

Zusammenfassung In einer Apparatur mit 80 Elementen wurde der Verlauf der präparativenCraig-Verteilung von Yttererdgemischen bei systematischer Veränderung der Versuchsbedingungen untersucht und durch die effektiven Verteilungskoeffizienten, Trennfaktoren und wirksamen Stufenzahlen charakterisiert. Mit Entnahme der Oberphase wurde eine praktisch brauchbare Trennung bus etwa zum Gadolinium erzietl, mit Entnahme der Unterphase Grob-Trennung von Dysprosium und Yttrium sowie eine Anreicherung der schweren Yttererden. 55–62% eines Einsatzes von 50–60 g Gemisch fielen in einer Reinheit besser als 90 bzw. 99% an, ein Teil des Samariums und Neodyms besser als 99,9%.

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Craig distribution of rare earth nitrates in the system tri-n-butyl phosphate—nitric acid. II: Separation of yttrium earths mixtures

In an apparatus of 80 stages the preparativeCraig distribution of yttrium earth mixtures was investigated by systematic variation of the experimental conditions, the performance being characterised by the effective distribution coefficients, separation factors and effective distribution stages. By withdrawal of the upper phase a separation of practical value resulted up to gadolinium, by withdrawal of the lower phase a rough separation of dysprosium and yttrium and a concentration of the heavy yttrium earths. 55–62% of the input (50–60 g yttrium earth mixture) were separated in a purity better than 90% or 99%, part of the samarium and neodymium better than 99.9%.

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Chromatographic separation of trivalent actinides and rare earth elements by using pyridine type resin

Summary In order to develop the partitioning-transmutation system for the reduction of high-level radioactive wastes, the group and mutual separation of actinides and rare earth elements in spent fuels is required. In the present work, a chromatographic separation of trivalent actinides (Am and Cm) and rare earth elements was examined in hydrochloric acid/methanol mixed solvents by using a pyridine resin embedded in high-porous silica beads. In a 70 vol% hydrochloric acid (11.7 mol HCl/dm³)/30 vol% methanol mixed solvent, the elution curves of the trivalent actinides were separated completely from those of rare earth elements at room temperature. The present paper discusses the separation behavior of trivalent actinides and rare earth elements as a function of flow rate, temperature and solvent compositions.