氧瓶燃烧离子色谱法测定氯化聚乙烯中氯含量

元素分析仪法是测定有机元素含量的现代分析技术,一次进样可以同时测定化合物中的C、H、N等元素的含量,在元素含量分析中发挥了重要作用,但该方法对卤族元素无法测定.氧瓶燃烧分解样品后用电位滴定法或称(容)量法测定有机卤素的含量,是有机卤素分析的经典方法.国家标准测定聚氯乙烯样品中的氯含量采用氧瓶燃烧分解电位滴定法[1].电位滴定法一次只能测定样品中一种卤离子,若多种离子同时存在会产生干扰,影响测定结果,且需要配制多种试剂,费时费力.有机样品或聚合物经氧瓶燃烧法分解后采用离子色谱法一次进样可以同时测定多种元素的含量而互不干扰[2],分析速度和灵敏度都优于传统方法.许多有机化合物或聚合物都含有卤素,离子色谱对卤素离子测定的灵敏度很高,氧瓶燃烧离子色谱法弥补了元素分析仪法的不足,是有机化合物或聚合物卤素含量分析较理想的方法.本实验以间氯苯甲酸元素分析标准样品为对照品,测定了氯化聚乙烯中的氯含量,取得满意结果.     

乳粉中磷和钙的快速测定

乳粉样品用硝酸在120℃温度下加压消化4 h,所得溶液定容为50 mL,分取部分样品溶液经活性炭脱色后取其滤液用磷钒钼三元杂多酸光度法测定磷,另取部分试样溶液用FAAS法测定钙.称取同一样品6份,按方法测定磷及钙作精密度试验,并用标准加入法做回收试验.磷测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%,加标回收率在88.9%～92.7%之间;钙测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.60%,加标回收率在96,6%～103.0%之间.     

间接原子吸收光谱法测定西沙必利片的含量

建立了测定西沙必利片中西沙必利含量的间接原子吸收光度新法. 样品经氧瓶燃烧法处理后,加入过量且定量的硝酸银,使其与氯离子生成难溶的氯化银沉淀,经离心分离后再利用原子吸收光谱法测定上清液中剩余Ag+的含量,间接计算出西沙必利的含量. 在最佳实验条件下,方法的线性范围为0～3.0 mg/L,回收率为97.5%～103.8%. 方法准确,检出限低,适合于西沙必利片中西沙必利含量的测定.     

空气中微量有机砷化合物的测定

在微量有机砷化合物的测定中,有机物的破坏,一般多用湿式(酸)消化法,亦有用氧瓶燃烧法。有机砷化合物在氧瓶燃烧时,Belcher等指出砷与铂有形成合金之可能;Conner发现,不能将树脂性物质燃烧完全;因此Tuckerman认为湿式消化法对微量有机砷的测定,较氧瓶燃烧法为佳。在砷的测定方面,目前主要有碘量法;Gutzeit法;钼蓝法;二乙氨荒酸银法。其中碘量法因灵敏度较低,不能满足一般微量砷的测定;Gutzeit法因目视者个别差异较大,不及一般光电比色法为精确;二乙氨荒     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料中氯的测定

研究了氧瓶燃烧-分光光度法测定聚氨酯泡沫塑料中氯含量的方法．采用氧瓶燃烧法分解聚氨酯泡沫塑料,然后用硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定其中氯含量．实验结果表明,氧瓶燃烧-分光光度法能有效地测定聚氨醣泡沫塑料中氯元索的含量,该方法简便、准确、实用性强、灵敏度高,适合快速分析。     

钕量法测定高分子和有机化合物中的磷和氟

本文介绍以Nd(NO_3)_3,为氧瓶燃烧吸收剂,以EDTA回滴过量 Nd~3+ 来测定高分子和有机化合物中磷和氟含量。当化合物中同时含有磷和氟时,先加入浓硝酸煮沸浓缩并蒸干除去F~- 测定 PO_4~3-,然后通过测定磷氟总含量求出氟含量。分解和测定均在普通硬质玻璃氧瓶中进行。测定磷的最大误差为±0.20％,除全氟化合物误差为-0.50％外,氟的测定最大误差为±0.30％。     

镨,钕量法测定有机磷化合物中的磷含量

有机磷化合物中的磷含量可以先将样品放入氧瓶燃烧分解,再以Pr(NO_3)_3或Nd(NO_3)_3作为PO_4~(3-)的沉淀剂,并用EDTA回滴过量的Pr~(3+)或Nd~(3+)来测定。文中还介绍了消除氟,硫,硼干扰的简单方法。测定误差为±0.20%。     

有机及高分子化合物中磷的快速微量测定氧瓶分解法和钼蓝光度法的研究

本文叙述以氧瓶燃烧法和钼蓝光度法微量测定有机和高分子化合物中磷元素的方法。对于不同类型样品进行实验的结果表明,用氧瓶法分解含磷化合物是可靠的。在分析难分解化合物时,可利用乙二醇为助燃烧剂和高氯酸铵为助氧化剂使样品燃烧完全;对于含硅化合物则必须用碳酸钠作为助熔剂始能得到满意的结果。本文并对以抗坏血酸为还原剂,三价铋离子为催化剂的钼蓝光度法进行了研究,找出最佳的操作条件,对于某些元素的存在所引起的干扰作用也进行了实验。方法快速、简便而准确。     

有机化合物中硫元素微量测定方法的一些改良

作为有机元素微量定量分析方法系列报道之一,本文对目前普遍应用的氧瓶燃烧分解样品,钡盐法滴定有机硫的分析方法进行了规范化,探讨了溶液pH对测定的影响,检测了磷元素及氟元素对测定的干扰,并建立了适用于测定含磷有机化合物中硫元素的钡盐滴定法.针对钡盐法测定低含量硫元素时误差较大,本文建立了基于氯冉酸钡与硫酸根离子反应的分光光度法,该法准确可行,适用于测定低含量有机硫元素.     

有机化合物中硫元素微量测定方法的一些改良

对目前普遍应用的氧瓶燃烧分解样品，钡盐法滴定有机硫的分析方法进行了规范化．探讨了溶液pH对测定的影响，研究了磷元素及氟元素对测定的于扰．并建立了适用于测定含磷有机化合物中硫元素的钡盐滴定法该法，该法简便快捷，准确可行、结果令人满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.