Magnetoluminescence studies of excitonic scattering processes in high purity GaAs

The broad emission line at about 1.512 eV, which dominates the emission spectra of pure GaAs at intermediate excitation levels (1–300 kW/cm²) and low temperatures (<40 K) is investigated in magnetic fields up to magnetic flux densities of 10 T. The shift of the emission maximum in the magnetic field is exactly the same as recently reported for the free exciton. This demonstrates that at high excitation levels exciton-electron scattering is the dominant mechanism for the radiative decay of free excitons.     

Light mixing induced by the giant two-photon absorption of excitonic molecules in CuCl

Three-wave mixing of light has been observed in connection with a giant two-photon absorption generating excitonic molecules. The efficiency of mixing of light for energies 2Ω₁ - Ω₂ and 2Ω₂ - Ω₁ is enhanced remarkably when Ω₁ and/or Ω₂ is varied across the giant two-photon absorption band-region. Moreover, the mixed lights with energies 3Ω₁ - 2Ω₂ and 4Ω₁ - 3Ω₂ have also been detected.     

Light scattering by electrons in osmium: Effect of pressure

The inelastic electron scattering of light and phonons in single crystals of 5d osmium transition metal has been analyzed at pressures up to 60 GPa and temperatures of 10–300 K. An anomalous increase in the intensity of the spectra of the electron scattering of light with the appearance of pronounced continua at ～580 and 350 cm^?1 for q ‖ [0001] and q ‖ [10\(\overline 1 \)0], respectively, has been observed in a pressure range of 20–30 GPa at an excitation energy of 2.41 eV. The comparison of the q dependences measured and calculated in the framework of the band theory of the spectra implies the significant renormalization of energies and relaxation of electronic states near the Fermi energy and the dependence of the Fermi energy on the pressure and temperature.     

Light scattering by electrons and renormalization of the electron spectrum in osmium

The temperature-dependent inelastic light scattering by electrons in osmium is studied at different values and directions of the wave vector. The frequency dependence for the spectra of electronic light scattering is modeled based on the calculated band structure taking properly into account the effects of inelastic scattering. A comparison of the measured and calculated spectra suggests the dominant role of the electron-phonon scattering in the energy range under study. This allows us to estimate the temperature-dependent renormalization of the electron velocity and the decay rate for the electron states.     

Raman scattering in the depletion region of GaAs

We have obtained spectra for the LO phonon mode by Raman scattering associated with surface quantization of the hole states in the depletion layer of highly doped n-type GaAs samples. When semi-transparent metal contacts are employed, the zone-center LO peak shifts to higher frequency due to plasmon-phonon interaction. The observed effects are not sensitive to the types of metal. The presence of the plasmon mode is thought to be due to the steady-state carrier injection from the incident laser light. The position of the peak is used to estimate the surface recombination rate of the excited electron-hole pairs.     

Light scattering in GaAs parabolic quantum wells

We report the observation of electronic light scattering in photoexcited parabolic GaAsAl_xGa_1-xAs quantum wells. The spectra show sharp peaks corresponding to transitions between sublevels in the conduction band. The precision of the measurements allows a test of the simple harmonic oscillator model for the energy level structure. The energy gap and alloy composition of the Al_xGa_1-xAs layers are determined from resonance Raman scattering by optical phonons. We use these results to calculate the conduction band offset Q_e. We obtain Q_e ∼ 0.7, in agreement with recent experiments in square quantum wells.     

Effect of the coherence of free electron-hole pairs on excitonic absorption in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices

The effect of photoexcited free carriers on the absorption spectra dynamics of GaAs/Al_xGa_1−x As superlattices is investigated experimentally by the pump-probe method. A sharp change in the shift of the excitonic resonance energy from the low-to the high-energy direction is found to occur at the moment that the electromagnetic radiation of the pump and probe beams overlap in the case of band-band excitation. This phenomenon is explained in a model of scattering of high-energy electron-hole pairs. The dephasing time of free high-energy particles is experimentally estimated to be several tens of femtoseconds. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 67, No. 1, 62–67 (10 January 1998)     

Effect of free electron-hole pairs on the saturation of excitonic absorption in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells

The pump-probe experimental method is used to investigate the effect of photoexcited carriers on the dynamics of the exciton absorption spectra of GaAs / Al_xGa_1–x As-multilayer quantum wells. Use of the method of moment analysis for processing the results makes it possible to identify the simultaneous contribution of changes in oscillator strength and width of the exciton lines in the saturation of exciton absorption. It was found that the oscillator strength recovers its initial value in the course of the first 100–130 ps, whereas broadening and energy-shift of the exciton lines is observed for 700–800 ps. These are the first experimental measurements of the excitation densities at which the oscillator strength of the excitonic state saturates when the latter is perturbed only by free-electron-hole pairs, and when it is perturbed only by other excitons. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 1130–1133 (June 1998)     

Light scattering from nonequilibrium electron-hole plasma excited by picosecond laser pulses in GaAs

A picosecond dye laser is used to excite electron-hole plasma of density between 10¹⁸ to 10¹⁹ cm^-3 in GaAs. The plasma density and distribution function within ? 20 psec of excitation is probed by Raman scattering. The lineshape of the single particle excitation spectra of the plasma can be explained only by assuming that the electron distribution function is in nonthermal equilibrium.     

Light scattering and absorption by densely packed groups of spherical particles

Light scattering by clusters of spheres is investigated using numerical light scattering simulations. We consider clusters with density of 0.1-30%. Simulations are carried out for various real part of refractive indices (i.e., 1.01, 1.10, 1.31, 1.60, and 2.00) and for two values of the imaginary part of the refractive index (0 and 0.01) of spheres in the cluster. All spheres in the cluster have the same size (kr=4, k=2π/λ, r is the radius of the sphere, λ is the wavelength of the incident light).The obtained results include behaviors of cross sections as functions of densities (up to 30%), investigation of the influence of multiple scattering inside the media on the cross sections, and influence of densities on phase matrix elements (PMEs) and parameters obtained from the PMEs such as the cross polarization ratio, degree of linear depolarization, entropy, etc.In addition, we also investigate the influence of particle size for the same total volume of the cluster on cross sections. The outer radius R of the cluster of spheres was constant and equal to 40/k in all calculations.     

Resonance Raman scattering by excitonic polaritons in CuGaS2

Resonance Raman scattering by exciton polaritons in crystals of CuGaS₂ under excitation with the 4880 and 4765 Å lines of an Ar⁺ laser at 9 K is studied. Lines of one-and two-phonon scattering of excitonic polaritons are found and studied. It is shown that the 1LO and 2LO phonons are arranged in accordance with their energies as the Stokes shifts move farther away from the excitation energy.     

Resonant absorption of electromagnetic radiation in a quantum channel due to the scattering of electrons by impurities

We have found an analytical expression for the absorption coefficient of electromagnetic radiation in a quantum channel with a parabolic confinement potential. The calculation has been performed using the second-order perturbation theory taking into account the scattering of a quasi-one-dimensional electron gas by ionized impurities. We have analyzed the dependences of the absorption coefficient on the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation and the magnetic field. The appearance of additional resonant peaks, which are caused by scattering by impurities, has been found.     

Light absorption and scattering by a photolayer with closely packed particles

Light absorption and scattering by weakly absorbing layers of close-packed fine-grained silver halide particles was studied. Absorption characteristics of an elementary volume and a photolayer were found to have a nonlinear and nonmonotonic dependence on the concentration. Qualitative specific features of this dependence in the range of medium values of volume concentrations from 0.4 to 0.8 were expressed by an empirical formula. The average cosine of the depth brightness diagram and the probability of photon survival Λ in a concentrated photolayer were calculated. The analysis of changes in Λ in a close-packed medium in a more general case, irrespective of the size and the degree of absorption of particles, was carried out. A conclusion was made concerning the character of changes in the scattering indicatrix of a photolayer caused by an increase of its density.     

Stimulated parametric scattering of excitonic polaritons in planar GaAs microcavities: Distinctive feature of QW electric field

Instabilities in the electric field at the QW in the active region of a GaAs based microcavity have been investigated under the resonance excitation near the inflection point of the low polariton (LP) dispersion curve with the use of four wave mixing technique. The electric field jump due to an LP bistability has been found to precede the development of a stimulated parametric scattering of LPs. The latter has been found to develop with a delay of a few hundreds ps from the beginning of the excitation pulse. These results are in qualitative agreement with hard regime of excitation of the stimulated parametric LP scattering predicted recently.     

Stimulated thermal scattering induced by two-photon absorption and experimental observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the UV region

An analysis of the results of previous studies of stimulated scattering of UV pulses in liquids has shown that they disagree with the theory of stimulated scattering. To resolve the inconsistency, stimulated scattering of XeCl excimer laser radiation (λ = 308 nm) with pulse duration τ ≈ 8 ns in liquid hexane is investigated experimentally. A theoretical analysis of the results obtained revealed a new nonlinear optical phenomenon: stimulated thermal scattering induced by the heating due to two-photon absorption, called two-photon stimulated thermal scattering (two-photon STS-2). The stimulated backscatter spectrum contains a previously unknown line corresponding to two-photon STS-2 and a newly discovered SBS line in the UV region. The line is observed in experiment on liquid hexane and is characterized by the frequency shift Ω_B = 0.33 cm^?1 relative to the pump wavelength λ = 308 nm, in complete agreement with the theory of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The spectral line called the SBS line in previous studies has a frequency shift much smaller than that predicted by the SBS theory and must be interpreted as an unshifted two-photon STS-2 line. When two-photon STS-2 is used to obtain a phase-conjugate wave, the phase-conjugation fidelity is lower than that achieved by using SBS because of thermal self-action and slow decay of the thermal grating.     

Elastic scattering of electrons by benzene

Relative differential cross-sections for the elastic scattering of electrons from benzene have been measured at incident energies 300, 500, 700 and 900eV and for scattering angles between 30° and 120°. The results are discussed and compared with the independent atom model (IAM) calculations. Two different sets of scattering amplitudes for the constituent atoms of benzene were used in these calculations, one obtained from first Born approximation and the other from partial wave analysis of the Dirac equation. Only the static interaction was taken into account in the calculations. The higher the incident energy, the better is the observed agreement between experiment and theory. This indicates that at higher energies, absorption, exchange and polarization effects are not significant as compared to the static interaction and that the IAM satisfactorily predicts the interference of scattering from the individual atoms of C₆H₆.     

Inelastic scattering of electrons by helium

Measurements of the angular distribution and total cross section for all inelastic processes in the scattering of intermediate and high energy electrons by helium atoms are analyzed using the first Born approximation.