The study of cis - and trans -2 butene using mass spectrometry

Using mass spectrometric technique, the effect of geometrical isomerism on the first and higher appearance energy values for C₄H₃ ⁺, C₄H₇ ⁺ and C₃H,₃ ⁺ ions obtained from cis-2-butene andtrans-2-butene is reported. The structure in the ionization efficiency curves (studied for 9 eV above threshold) for the same ions obtained from the two isomers is reported and compared. It is believed that at threshold C₄H₇ ⁺ fragment is formed from the two isomers as methallyl ion. For C₃H₃ ⁺ fragment formed from the cw-isomer at threshold the proposed structure is the propargyl ion with ΔH_f equal to 279-4 kcal/mole while for that ion obtained fromtransisomer the proposed structure is the allenyl ion with ΔH_f equal to 296.6 kcal/mole.     

Eichinvariante Berechnung des Diamagnetismus und der chemischen Verschiebung

The procedure derived in^1–6 was used to calculate the magnetic susceptibilities and the magnetic shielding of a series of diamagnetic molecules (CH₄, C₂H₆, C₂H₄, C₂H₂, and HCN). The model requires only the knowledge of the unperturbed electron density. An incrementary treatment of the susceptibility-and shielding tensors is based on a partition of the electron density into localized parts.The values obtained by this procedure are in good agreement with experimental results in the case of susceptibilities and magnetic protonshieldings. The results for the¹³C-shielding however are not satisfactory.

     

Asymmetrische Hg(II)-Komplexe mit Organothiolato- bzw. Organoselenolato-und Triazenato-Liganden

The mixed mercury complexes (2XC₆H₄)₂N₃HgY (X=CH₃, F, Cl, Br, I;Y=SC₂H₅, SC₆H₅, SeC₆H₅) have been prepared. Both the Hg–S and Hg–Se bonds and, in contrast to other mixed triazenato-mercury compounds, the triazenato-mercury bonds have been shown to be kinetically labile on the NMR time scale by means of⁷⁷Se and¹⁹⁹Hg NMR spectroscopy. Evidence has been obtained for the presence of (2XC₆H₄)₂N₃HgY together with HgY ₂ and [(2XC₆H₄)₂N₃]₂Hg in solution.

     

Transition metal chemistry of oxime-containing ligands,IX

The vibrational (conventional and far-infrared) and diffuse-reflectance spectra in conjunction with magnetic susceptibility measurements over a temperature range down to liquid nitrogen temperature are reported and discussed for the complexes; [Mn(HPOX)₂ X ₂]; [Mn(HMPX)₂ X ₂]; [Fe(HPOX)(POX) X ₂] and [Fe(HMPX)(MPX) X ₂](whereHPOX=pyridine-2-aldoxime (C₆H₆N₂O);POX=C₆H₅N₂O;HMPX=6-Methylpyridine-2-aldoxime (C₇H₈N₂O);MPX=C₇H₇N₂O;X=Cl, Br, I, NO₃, NCS, or OA c andX ₂=SO₄). On the basis of these physical studies a six-coordinated structure is suggested for the manganese(II) and iron(III) complexes.Mössbauer spectra, measured at room-temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature also indicated a six-coordinate geometry for iron(III) complexes.

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Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit Oxim-enthaltenden Liganden, IX. Spektroskopische und magnetische Untersuchungen von Mn(II)- und Fe(II)-Komplexen mit Pyridin-2-aldoxim und 6-Methylpyridin-2-aldoxim

Zusammenfassung Es wurden Komplexe von Pyridin-2-aldoxim (HPOX) und 6-Methylpyridin-2-aldoxim (HMPX) vom Typ [Mn(HPOX)₂ X ₂], [Mn(HMPX)₂ X ₂], [Fe(HPOX)(POX)X ₂] und [Fe(HMPX)(MPX)X ₂] (X=Cl, Br, I, NO₃, NCS, OA c;X ₂=SO₄) dargestellt. Die Diskussion erfolgt basierend auf Infrarot-spektroskopie (inklusive fernes IR), Messungen der magnetischen Suszeptibilität (Temp. bis zu fl. N₂) undMössbauer-Spektroskopie.

     

Synthesis and physico-chemical studies of some polynuclear mixed carboxylate complexes of nickel(II)

A number of polynuclear mixed carboxylates of nickel(II) with the general composition [Ni(OOCCH₃)_2–n (OOCR) _n ] _x (whereR=C₁₃H₂₇, C₁₅H₃₁, C₁₇H₃₅ and C₂₁H₄₃ andn=1 or 2) have been synthesized by the transacylation reactions of anhydrous nickel acetate with higher carboxylic acids in refluxing toluene. On recrystallization from benzene-alcohol mixtures, mono-alcoholate complexes, Ni(OOCCH₃)_2–n (OOCR) _n ·ROH (whereR=CH₃ and C₂H₅) have been isolated. All these derivatives have been characterized by the molecular weight determinations, infra-red and electronic reflectance spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

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Synthese und Eigenschaften einiger gemischter Carboxylat-Komplexe von Nickel(II)

Zusammenfassung Komplexe des Typs [Ni(OOCCH₃)_2–n (OOCR) _n ] _x (mitR=C₁₃H₂₇, C₁₅H₃₁, C₁₇H₃₅ und C₂₁H₄₃,n=1 oder 2) wurden aus wasserfreiem Nickelacetat mit höheren Carbonsäuren in siedendem Toluol erhalten. Bei der Kristallisation aus Benzol-Alkohol-Mischungen wurden Monoalkoholate Ni(OOCCH₃)_2–n (OOCR) _n ·ROH (mitR=CH₃ und C₂H₅) isoliert. Die Charakterisierung der Komplexe erfolgte mittels Molekulargewichtsbestimmung, Infrarot- und Elektronenspektren und der Messung der magnetischen Susceptibilität.

     

Excess Volumetric and Spectroscopic Properties of Mixtures of Some <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Alkoxyethanols and of Some Polyethers with 2-Pyrrolidinone and <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone at 298.15 K

Excess molar volumes V_m^E for binary liquid mixtures of n-alkoxyethanols or polyethers + 2-pyrrolidinone or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone have been measured with a continuous dilution dilatometer at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure as a function of composition. The alkoxyethanols are diethylene glycol monomethylether, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol, CH₃(OC₂H₄)₂OH; diethylene glycol monoethylether, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol, C₂H₅(OC₂H₄)₂OH; and diethylene glycol monobutylether, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol, C₄H₉(OC₂H₄)₂OH; whereas the polyethers are diethylene glycol dimethylether, bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether, CH₃(OC₂H₄)₂OCH₃; diethylene glycol diethylether, bis(2-ethoxyethyl)ether, C₂H₅(OC₂H₄)₂OC₂H₅; and diethylene glycol dibutylether, bis(2-butoxyethyl)ether, C₄H₉(OC₂H₄)₂OC₄H₉. In all mixtures the excess molar volumes are negative and symmetric across the entire composition range. The excess volumes are fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation to obtain the binary coefficients and the standard errors. The experimental results have also been discussed on the basis of IR measurements.     

Ringsubstituierte [1]titanocenophane

The ring-substituted bis(cyclopentadienyl)silanesMe ₂Si(C₅H₅) (MeC₅H₄) (1a) andMe ₂Si(MeC₅H₄)₂ (2a) could be prepared by the reactions ofMe ₂SiCl₂ with C₅H₅Na andMeC₅H₄Na or only withMeC₅H₄Na, respectively. Metallation of1 a or2 a withn-BuLi and following reaction with TiCl₄ led to the first ringsubstituted [1]titanocenophanes,Me ₂Si(C₅H₄) (MeC₅H₃)TiCl₂ (1 b) orMe ₂Si(MeC₅H₃)₂ TiCl₂ (2 b), respectively. On reaction with NaI,1 b yieldedMe ₂Si(C₅H₄) (MeC₅H₃)TiI₂ (1 c). Structural assignments of the compounds could be made on the basis of their¹H NMR spectra.

     

N-(2-吡咯甲基)-1-苯基乙亚胺·二甲基铝的合成、结构及其催化丙交酯的活性

通过席夫碱配体N-（2-吡咯甲基）-1-苯基乙亚胺与三乙基铝按物质的量之比为1：1在无氧无水的条件下反应,合成了席夫碱铝的有机金属化合物N-（2-吡咯甲基）-1-苯基乙亚胺·二甲基铝。其结构分别用核磁氢谱、碳谱,元素分析和X射线单晶衍射技术进行了表征。铝化合物在催化外消旋丙交酯开环聚合反应中表现出了中等的活性并得到了以等规聚合为主的高聚物。     

N-(2-吡咯甲基)-1-苯基乙亚胺·二甲基铝的合成、结构及其催化丙交酯的活性

通过席夫碱配体N-（2-吡咯甲基）-1-苯基乙亚胺与三乙基铝按物质的量之比为1：1在无氧无水的条件下反应,合成了席夫碱铝的有机金属化合物N-（2-吡咯甲基）-1-苯基乙亚胺·二甲基铝。其结构分别用核磁氢谱、碳谱,元素分析和X射线单晶衍射技术进行了表征。铝化合物在催化外消旋丙交酯开环聚合反应中表现出了中等的活性并得到了以等规聚合为主的高聚物。     

Die elektronenstruktur der ethen-nickel π-komplexe the electronic structure of ethylene nickel π-complexes

Nickel(0)-olefine π-complexes such as Ni(C₂H₄)₃ and Ni(C₂H₄)(PR₃)₂ [6] prepared by conventional ligand replacement reaction are diamagnetic and stable up to room temperature. Similar π-complexes e.g. Ni(C₂H₄) _n (withn = 1, 2 or 3) generated by cryo-condensation technique [3] may exist in a paramagnetic state which derives from the triplet ground state of the atomic nickel. The stability of (η²-ethylene) nickel has been explained byab initio-MO calculations relating the energies of the complexes to different terms (¹ S and³ F) of the nickel atom.

     

Oxidation of secondary alcohols byN-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMO) catalyzed by atrans-dioxo ruthenium(VI) complex or perruthenate complex: A kinetic study

Thetrans-dioxo ruthenium (VI) complex, [P(C₆H₅)₃C₆H₅CH₂]⁺[Ru(O)₂OAcCl₂] or tetrapropylammonium perruthenate catalyzes the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones byN-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMO). Kinetic studies showed the formation of a complex between catalyst and substrate (alcohol) as the first step in the mechanism.     

Magnetic investigation of Er(C2O4) (C2O4)·3H2O

Single crystal susceptibilities of Er(C₂O₄) (C₂O₄H)·3H₂O are reported over the 1.5–20 K interval, and EPR spectra at 4.2 K of Y (C₂O₄) (C₂O₄H·3H₂O doped with Er³⁺ are also reported. The susceptibilities follow the CurieWeiss law, with g_| = 12.97 ± 0.05, g_⊥ = 2.98 ± 0.05, θ_| = ?0.25 ± 0.05 K, and θ_⊥ = ?0.12 ± 0.05 K.     

An unusual example ofendo-stereoselectivity in the ligand exchange reactions of rhodium(i)diethylene derivatives withpara-semiquinoid ligands

The ligand exchange reactions of [(C₂H₄)₂Rh(acac)] in benzene and [(C₂H₄)₂RhCl]₂ in CH₂Cl₂ with 4-methyl-4-trichloromethyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one occur with 100%exo-stereoselectivity. The similar process with 4-methyl-4-trichloromethyl-1-(4,4-dimethyl-4,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)-2,5-cyclohexadiene (trienedione) is strictlyexo-stereospecific only if [(C₂H₄)₂Rh(acac)] in benzene is used, while in the case of [(C₂H₄)₂RhCl]₂ in CH₂Cl₂, it proceeds with anendo-stereoselectivity of 43%. An explanation for these facts has been suggested that assumes that the metal atom initially attacks the central double bond in the trienedione, which is removed from the area of main steric hindrance. The subsequent metallotropic rearrangement of the resulting ethylene-triene intermediate gives rise to the final ⁴-coordinated -diene structures.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2320–2323, September, 1996.     

Isomer effects in the excess enthalpies of mixtures of alkanes and cycloalkanes

Using the Picker flow calorimeter, excess molar enthalpies H ^E have been obtained at 25°C for mixtures of 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-cis- and trans-dimethylcyclohexane and cis- and trans-decalin with n-hexadecane and the highly branched C₁₆ isomer, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane. Values of H ^E are also obtained for cis- and trans-decalin mixed with C₆, C₇, and C₉ isomers. Anomalously low values of H ^E occur for normal alkanes mixed with cycloalkanes in the di-equatorial configuration, suggesting the presence of a negative contribution in H ^E possibly due to a restriction of n-alkane molecular motion by the flat, plate-like cycloalkane.     

Excess molar heat capacities and excess molar volumes of some mixtures of propylene carbonate with aromatic hydrocarbons

Excess molar volumes V ^E and excess molar heat capacities C _P ^E at constant pressure have been measured, at 25°C, as a function of composition for the four binary liquid mixtures propylene carbonate (4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, C₄H₆O₃; PC) + benzene (C₆H₆;B), + toluene (C₆H₅CH₃;T), + ethylbenzene (C₆H₅C₂H₅;EB), and + p-xylene (p-C₆H₄(CH₃)₂;p-X) using a vibrating-tube densimeter and a Picker flow microcalorimeter, respectively. All the excess volumes are negative and noticeably skewed towards the hydrocarbon side: V ^E (cm³-mol^–1) at the minimum ranges from about –0.31 at x₁=0.43 for {x₁C₄H₆O₃+x₂p-C₆H₄(CH₃)₂}, to –0.45 at x₁=0.40 for {x₁C₄H₆O₃+x₂C₆H₅CH₃}. For the systems (PC+T), (PC+EB) and (PC+p-X) the C _P ^E s are all positive and even more skewed. For instance, for (PC+T) the maximum is at x _1,max =0.31 with C _P,max ^E =1.91 J-K^–1-mol^–1. Most interestingly, C _P ^E of {x₁C₄H₆O₃+x₂C₆H₆} exhibits two maxima near the ends of the composition range and a minimum at x _1,min =0.71 with C _P,min ^E =–0.23 J-K^–1-mol^–1. For this type of mixture, it is the first reported case of an M-shaped composition dependence of the excess molar heat capacity at constant pressure.Communicated at the Festsymposium celebrating Dr. Henry V. Kehiaian's 60^th birthday, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 17–18 May 1990.     

Die Schwingungsspektren einiger Pentadeuterophenylphosphorverbindungen

The vibrational spectra of C₆D₅PX ₂, (C₆D₅)₂PX (X=H, Cl), (C₆D₅)₃P and of the Cyclophosphanes (PC₆H₅) _n and (PC₆D₅) _n (n=5, 6) are reported. The spectra of the phenylphosphorouscompound D (the structure beeing unknown) are given too. The C₆H₅/C₆D₅ isotopic shift data in the lower frequency-region (600–100 cm^–1) (facilitating the recognition of vibrational coupling effects) are used for vibrational assignments.

     

Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Novel Two‐Dimensional Complex from 1, 3, 5‐Benzenetricarboxylate and Neodymium(III) — {[Nd(1, 3, 5‐benzenetricarboxylate)(H2O)4] · H2O}n

A unique neodymium(III) complex, {[Nd(BTC)(H₂O)₄] · H₂O}_n (BTC = 1, 3, 5‐benzenetricarboxylate), was obtained from the reaction between Nd(ClO₄)₃ · xH₂O and Na₃BTC. Coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds, and π‐π stacking form a supramolecular structure with a novel, two‐dimensional framework. The temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibilities were analyzed by the Curie‐Weiss law; the following values were found C = 1.32, θ = —18.3 K, respectively.     

Derivatives of the closo-dodecaborate anion and their application in medicine

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the possibilities and characteristic features of the application of various polyhedral boron compounds, viz., the closo-decaborate anion [B₁₀H₁₀]^2–, the closo-dodecaborate anion [B₁₂H₁₂]^2–, the carba-closo-dodecaborate anion [CB₁₁H₁₂]^–, carboranes C₂B₁₀H₁₂, and the bis(dicarbollide) complexes [M(C₂B₉H₁₁)₂]^– (M = Fe, Co, or Ni), in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cancer. The requirements on compounds used in BNCT are formulated and the advantages of the application of the closo-dodecaborate anion are considered. The data on the synthesis of various derivatives of the closo-dodecaborate anion, which either already found use in BNCT or are most promising in this field, are summarized. The possibilities of the application of agents derived from the closo-dodecaborate anion in medical diagnostics are discussed.     

Potassium and sodium 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxides and their properties

The crucial factor of the reaction of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol with alkali hydroxides is temperature, depending on which two types of potassium or sodium 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxides are formed. These types exhibit different catalytic activity in the alkylation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol with methyl acrylate. More active forms of 2,6-Bu^t ₂C₆H₃OK or 2,6-Bu^t ₂C₆H₃ONa are synthesized at temperatures higher than 160 °C and are predominantly the monomers, which dimerize on cooling. The data of ¹H NMR, electronic, and IR spectra for the corresponding forms of 2,6-Bu^t ₂C₆H₃OK and 2,6-Bu^t ₂C₆H₃ONa isolated in the individual state are in agreement with cyclohexadienone structure. In DMSO or DMF, the dimeric forms of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxides react with methyl acrylate to form methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propionate in 64–92% yield. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2138–2143, December, 2006.