质谱技术研究海兔大脑神经节超微量多肽内切酶和酸性多肽酶解产物

采用ESI-Q-TOF质谱分析了由27个氨基酸残基组成的酸性多肽(AP)的一级结构.选用RP-HPLC和MALDI-TOF质谱非在线技术分离与鉴定海兔大脑神经节(CG)多肽与蛋白质的组成与分布,发现CG中含有AP酶解的二聚体短肽.这些短肽序列分别为2(NKDEEQRELLKAISNLL)、2(NKDEEQRELLKAISNL)、2(SGVSLLTSNKDEEQREL)和2(LTSNKDEEQRE LL),均以L-R(氨基酸残基)方式断裂.以AP为探针,结合MALDI-TOF质谱分析技术,发现CG中含有超微量的L-R多肽内切酶,其分子量为78218.25Da.本研究中的分析方法也适合于研究其他生物体内超微量多肽及多肽酶分布与功能.     

梅花鹿茸多肽的化学结构及生物活性

在马鹿茸活性多肽结构与功能研究基础上, 从新鲜梅花鹿茸中分离纯化了活性单体多肽, 确定了其化学结构, 并与马鹿茸多肽进行结构与活性比较. 利用离子交换层析、 凝胶过滤层析及反相高效液相色谱层析等生物化学技术, 从梅花鹿茸中分离得到1个新多肽, SDS-PAGE电泳显示为一条带, HPLC图谱为单一峰, MALDI-TOF MS给出该多肽的精确分子量为3263.4, 其等电点pI=8.15. 一级结构研究表明, 该多肽是由32个氨基酸残基组成的直链多肽, 不含半胱氨酸, 富含缬氨酸、 赖氨酸、 亮氨酸和甘氨酸, 氨基酸序列为VLSATDKTNVLAAWGKVGGNAPAFGAEALERM. 生物活性检测结果表明, 该多肽可促进原代培养的表皮细胞和软骨细胞增殖, 也能刺激NIH3T3成纤维细胞株的分裂. 梅花鹿茸多肽与马鹿茸多肽在结构上均为32个氨基酸残基组成的直链多肽, 但第5, 8, 11和30位氨基酸残基不同. 2种多肽结构上的变化并未影响其促细胞增殖生物活性.     

基质辅助激光解吸/电离质谱法研究海兔卵多肽内切酶组成、结构与功能

选择DEAE-52纤维素和Sephadex G-150为分离介质,采用柱层析法分离纯化海兔卵多肽酶(En-dopeptidease of Aplysiaegg,AEE)。选用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)法测定AEE纯度和亚基分子量(约39kDa)。基质辅助激光解吸/电离(MALDI-TOF)质谱技术测定AEE由单类型亚基(M)组成,其m/z比值分别为12738.17、18108.79和38221.42,即分子式为[M3 ]、[M2 ]和[M ]。其中AEE分子量为38221.42Da(称为AEE39),是一种含金属锌的多肽酶。以胰岛素(INS)为探针,研究AEE39酶切INS能力,其酶切产物m/z比值为1449.51、2085.84、4080.41和4165.42。自行设计INS序列分析软件,鉴定AEE39酶切INS的位点,发现易酶切位点是Leu-X(氨基酸残基),其次是Glu-X,部分Phen-X、Asn-X和Ser-X结构也可以发生酶切。通过INS和海兔吸引素的分子结构比对后,指出海兔卵中的AEE39主要功能之一是负责酶切海兔吸引素,起着海兔之间信息交往、召唤、识别和交配的重要作用。AEE39具有酶切酸性多肽(acidic pep-tide,AP)中Leu-Leu的能力,属于一种广谱性多肽内切酶。     

含有28个氨基酸的复杂多肽的串级质谱全序列分析研究

利用MALDI-TOF/TOF MS和ESI-MS/MS对一种含有多达28个氨基酸的复杂合成多肽成功进行了全序列测定. 通过调节激光强度、碰撞诱导解离(CID)能量等质谱参数以及依据不同序列分析软件, 获得了涵盖所有b型和y型碎片离子的串级质谱图. 结果显示这种方法可以有效地解决de novo测序方法遇到的谱峰过于复杂导致运算死机等问题. 通过讨论如何对含有超过20个氨基酸片断的多肽进行合格串级质谱实验, 为蛋白质组学肽段序列测定提供了新的方法和思路.     

高效液相色谱–质谱法分析僵蚕蛋白酶解多肽

分析僵蚕蛋白酶解多肽类成分的相对分子质量和氨基酸组成。采用高效液相色谱–质谱联用正离子模式进行分析,以Hola C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm)为分离色谱柱,以0.05%甲酸水溶液和0.05%甲酸–乙腈溶液为流动相,根据质谱一级、二级碎片离子信息,确定酶解多肽类相对分子质量信息和氨基酸组成。僵蚕样品经酶解后得到相对分子质量在500~1 000之间的多肽,经LC–MS分析,多肽由低于10个的氨基酸组成。高效液相色谱–质谱法分析平台可用于分析多肽化合物的相对分子质量和氨基酸组成,这有利于酶解多肽的生物活性分析。     

高效液相色谱/质谱法识别不同明胶酶解产物中特征多肽

在不同动物胶原蛋白序列比对基础上,利用高效液相色谱/质谱联用技术(HPLC/MS)建立一种通过特征多肽进行明胶鉴别的方法。实验以牛明胶和猪明胶为对象,序列比对结果表明,牛和猪的Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1链和α2链均存在氨基酸序列差异。利用胰蛋白酶将牛明胶和猪明胶降解,通过HPLC/MS分析了两种明胶酶解产物中的多肽片段。结果表明:牛明胶和猪明胶酶解产物中均可检测出存在序列差异的特征性多肽,其氨基酸序列差异与两种胶原蛋白序列比对结果中的序列差异一致;酶解产物中特征多肽上的脯氨酸存在不同程度的羟基化修饰,特征多肽的相对含量主要受明胶分子量范围影响。利用HPLC/MS检测明胶酶解产物中的特征多肽是一种鉴别牛明胶和猪明胶的有效方法。     

质谱技术在神经多肽酶结构与功能研究中的应用

分子神经科学是本世纪生命科学中最有挑战性和前瞻性学科之一。信号传导与催化多肽的神经多肽酶有着密切的联系。本文以海兔等软体动物为素材,综述近年来采用质谱和高效液相色谱技术研究中枢神经系统多肽酶结构与功能的进展。     

低浓度甲醛对多肽和蛋白化学修饰的质谱研究

采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱( MALDI-TOF MS)和纳升电喷雾四极杆飞行时间串联质谱( Nano-ESI -QTOF MS)技术,以标准肽段和流感病毒基质蛋白酶切肽段为模型,研究了甲醛对蛋白质和多肽主链的修饰作用。采用与实际病毒灭活过程一致的实验条件(4℃,0.025%(V/V)福尔马林(37%(w/w)甲醛溶液)处理72 h),进行甲醛与多肽的化学反应。结果表明,在实验条件下,甲醛能与标准肽段N端的氨基反应生成羟甲基加合物,再发生缩合反应生成亚胺,形成+12 Da的产物。此外,甲醛还能与标准肽段中的精氨酸、赖氨酸的侧链发生反应,生成+12 Da的反应产物。对流感病毒基质蛋白的酶切肽段与甲醛的反应的质谱分析结果显示,多数的肽段都生成了+24 Da的产物,质量的增加来源于肽段N端氨基(+12 Da)和C端精氨酸或赖氨酸的侧链(+12 Da)的贡献。此外,还观察到有一个漏切位点的肽段生成了+36 Da的产物。本研究结果表明,在实验条件下,低浓度甲醛主要与肽段和蛋白的N 端氨基,以及精氨酸和赖氨酸侧链发生反应。本研究为分析低浓度甲醛与蛋白质的反应产物提供了有效的质谱分析方法和解谱依据。     

多肽的快原子轰击质谱／质谱研究

通过快原子轰击质谱（ＦＡＢＭＳ）可确定多肽的分子量，而在此基础上采用活化碰撞（ＣＡ）技术可对氨基酸的序列进行识别。     

计算机辅助的羧肽酶法测定多肽羧端顺序

在初步用计算机辅助的羧肽酶法测定了天花粉蛋白C-端顺序的基础上, 进一步设计了两个计算机程序-DPS程序和CPA程序. 用合成小肽和天然的肽对这两个计算机程序进行模型实验证明, 运用这两个程序能分别满意地从羧肽酶的酶解动力学曲线中获得重要的C-端顺序信息, 并测定了天花粉蛋白分子中未知肽段CB-3的C-端顺序为: -SerAlaSerAlaLeuHserOH, 这一顺序后来已经其他实验结果所证实. 本法不仅使C-端顺序测定延长至七个氨基酸, 而且还基本上解决了多肽或蛋白质含有多种多次重复氨基酸残基的C-端顺序测定.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。