High temperature gluon matter in the background gauge

The polarisation tensor of gluons in high temperature QCD matter is discussed in the back-ground gauge and compared with that in the temporal axialA ₀=0 gauge. In both of these the gluon polarisation tensor alone is sufficient to give the asymptotically free sign of the QCD beta function. In the former the beta function and the imaginary part of the polarisation tensor are coupled in such a way that asymptotic freedom implies instability of plasma oscillations. In the latter, due to the non-covariance of the gauge condition, the beta function and the imaginary part are decoupled in such a way that the sign of the imaginary part corresponds to stable plasma oscillations.     

Hot gluon propagator

In order to match two complementary approaches to quark gluon plasma, namely the classical hamiltonian lattice gauge field simulation which uses the temporal axial gauge, and hot perturbative QCD which rather uses the Coulomb or the covariant gauge, we obtain a general expression for the hard thermal loop gluon propagator for a variety of non-background gauge fixing conditions. The Coulomb energy is shown to be independent of the gauge fixing condition.     

Damping of plasma oscillations in hot gluon matter

The computation of the damping constant of QCD plasma oscillations is discussed in the physical Coulomb and temporal axial gauges in the framework of a consistent linear response analysis. To bare one-loop order the waves damp by decaying into two massless gluons, and the two gauges give the same result for the damping constant. It is pointed out that, due to the infrared behaviour of the theory, higher-order corrections will modify the result and an example showing how they may do this by turning the gluons effectively massive is given.     

Meanvalue picture and ‘equivalent potential’ for a stochastic gluon background field

The main results (energy spectrum and the wave function at the origin) of a model with a stochastic gluon background field — the model of Dosch and Marquard — are alternatively achieved by the so-called meanvalue picture. In this approach it is not necessary to know the details of the stochastic process, therefore the formulas in this meanvalue picture emerge very simply. A local ‘equivalent potential’ to the stochastic process is deduced which reproduces with high accuracy the results of Dosch and Marquard for all values of the gluon correlation time. At last we compare this ‘equivalent potential’ with the well-known linear potential of Eichten et al.     

Photons from quark gluon plasma and hot hadronic matter

The productions of real photons from quark gluon plasma and hot hadronic matter formed after the nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energies are discussed. The effects of the spectral shift of the hadrons at finite temperature on the production of photons are investigated. On the basis of the present analysis it is shown that the photon spectra measured by WA98 collaboration in Pb + Pb collisions at CERN SPS energies can be explained by both QGP as well as hadronic initial states if the spectral shift of hadrons at finite temperature is taken into account. Several other works on the analysis of WA98 photon data have also been briefly discussed.     

Diphoton production from quark–gluon plasma and hadronic matter

The rate of diphoton production is calculated from a quark–gluon plasma and compared with the rate from hadronic matter. Background diphotons are identified and quantified, including effects from hadronic form factors. Robust thermometry and spectroscopy are shown to be possible owing to the structure of the expected invariant mass spectrum. Charmonium could also be probed with diphotons. PACS 25.75.-q; 13.85.Qk     

Quark matter conductivity in strong magnetic background

Applying the ideas and methods of condensed matter physics we calculate the quantum conductivity of quark matter in magnetic field. In strong field quantum conductivity is proportional to the square root of the field.     

Hot nuclear matter with dilatons

We study hot nuclear matter in a model based on nucleon interactions deriving from the exchange of scalar and vector mesons. The main new feature of our work is the treatment of the scale breaking of quantum chromodynamics through the introduction of a dilaton field. Although the dilaton effects are quite small quantitatively, they affect the high-temperature phase transition appreciably. We find that inclusion of the dilaton leads to a metastable high-density state at zero pressure, similar to that found by Glendenning who considered instead the admixture of higher baryon resonances.     

Shear viscosity in a gluon gas

The relation of the shear viscosity coefficient to the recently introduced transport rate is derived within relativistic kinetic theory. We calculate the shear viscosity over entropy ratio eta/s for a gluon gas, which involves elastic gg-->gg perturbative QCD (PQCD) scatterings as well as inelastic gg<-->ggg PQCD bremsstrahlung. For alpha_{s}=0.3 we find eta/s=0.13 and for alpha_{s}=0.6, eta/s=0.076. The small eta/s values, which suggest strongly coupled systems, are due to the gluon bremsstrahlung incorporated.     

Parton propagation in a gluon field

The phenomenological success of PQCD is based on processes where the effects of the color field environment on parton propagation can be eliminated or is universal. In hard diffraction and quarkonium production the PQCD subprocess is the same as in fully inclusive scattering, but the sensitivity to reinteractions is different. I discuss how this may be exploited to give new information on the dynamics of hard collisions.     

Measurement of the quark and gluon fragmentation functions in Z^0 hadronic decays

The transverse, longitudinal and asymmetric components of the fragmentation function are measured from the inclusive charged particles produced in collisions at LEP. As in deep inelastic scattering, these data are important for tests of QCD. The transverse and longitudinal components of the total hadronic cross section are evaluated from the measured fragmentation functions. They are found to be and respectively. The strong coupling constant is calculated from in next-to-leading order of perturbative QCD, giving Including non-perturbative power corrections leads to The measured transverse and longitudinal components of the fragmentation function are used to estimate the mean charged multiplicity, The fragmentation functions and multiplicities in and light quark events are compared. The measured transverse and longitudinal components of the fragmentation function allow the gluon fragmentation function to be evaluated. Received: 12 September 1997 / Published online: 19 October 1998     

Hot nuclear matter in an extended Brueckner approach

The properties of cold and hot nuclear matter are studied in the frame of the Brueckner theory, extended to finite temperature. The basic task is the evaluation of the two-hole line diagram using the Paris potential supplemented by the introduction of three-body forces, coming from the exchange of π and ρ mesons. The latter have an important saturating effect, but not sufficient to reach correct saturation. The latter is achieved by a phenomenological treatment. The properties of hot nuclear matter, for temperatures around 10 MeV, are investigated. Particular attention is paid to one-body properties. The density and temperature dependence of many quantities, like the single-particle energy spectrum, the optical potential, the effective mass, the non-locality of the single-particle field, the mean free path, is displayed and analyzed. The relative importance of the temperature dependence of the g-matrix and of phase space is investigated, especially in relation with the imaginary part of the optical potential and the mean free path. The temperature dependence of the effective mass is particularly studied. It is shown that the peak due to the so-called core polarization effect disappears rapidly as the matter is heated. The evaluation of the entropy and of the level density parameter a, which are closely related, is discussed, and the failure of the Hartree-Fock approach to reproduce the value of a correctly is explained. Two-body properties are also investigated. The temperature and density dependence of the two-body correlations are displayed. Particular attention is paid to the temperature dependence of the effective interaction. The latter is exhibited in a simple manner. It is shown that the effective force felt by low-energy nucleons does not change by more than a few percent when the temperature goes from 0 to 10 MeV. For high-energy nucleons, the change may be as large as ten percent.     

Multiargument recormalization of a gluon field

An extension of traditional renormalization methods that assigns each element of Feynman diagrams an individual evolution parameter is considered. It is shown that conditions necessary for such an extension to be valid are satisfied in quantum gluodynamics.     

Contributions of stochastic background fields to the shear and bulk viscosities of the gluon plasma

The contributions of confining as well as nonconfining nonperturbative self-interactions of stochastic background fields to the shear and bulk viscosities of the gluon plasma in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory are calculated. The nonconfining self-interactions change (specifically, diminish) the values of the shear and bulk viscosities by 15%, that is close to the 17% which the strength of the nonconfining self-interaction amounts to the full strength of nonperturbative self-interactions. The ratios to the entropy density of the obtained nonperturbative contributions to the shear and bulk viscosities are compared with the results of perturbation theory and the predictions of N = 4 SYM.     

Quark and gluon condensates in a magnetic field

The two-loop expression for the vacuum energy density in a constant magnetic field is obtained on the basis of the chiral perturbation theory. The dependence of the quark and gluon condensates on the field intensity H is found. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 70, No. 11, 711–717 (10 December 1999)