草酸根桥联双核铜(Ⅱ)体系的磁耦合机理

应用密度泛函理论,采用对称性破损方法分析了草酸根桥联双核铜(Ⅱ)体系的磁耦合机理。在该双核体系中,两铜(Ⅱ)原子的自旋布居大小相等,符号相反,磁中心间的作用为反铁磁耦合。草酸根桥配体向磁中心的电子转移使得铜(Ⅱ)原子的自旋显著离域,这种离域有利于反铁磁耦合,草酸根桥配体中的碳原子上出现自旋极化。当铜(Ⅱ)原子的配位环境由平面四方形向四面体或四方锥变化时,反铁磁耦合的强度减弱。体系的沿前轨道主要由铜(Ⅱ)原子d轨道和配体原子p轨道构成,这种构成利于草酸根桥配体与磁中心之间的电子转移。     

铜(Ⅱ)氮氧自由基配合物铁磁耦合机理的理论研究

用密度泛函理论结合对称性破损态方法对氮氧双自由基以及铜(Ⅱ)-氮氧自由基配合物的磁耦合常数进行了计算.结果表明铜(Ⅱ)-氮氧自由基配合物为铁磁耦合.对配合物磁轨道进行了分析,表明体系的铁磁耦合作用主要来自于Cu离子的轨道与自由基的π^*轨道正交.自旋密度分布分析显示:在氮氧自由基与金属铜两个自旋耦合片的自旋耦合主要来自于中心Cu离子的轨道电子向氮氧自由基上的π^*轨道的电子转移,这一电子特征的变化引起的自旋离域在Cu离子和氮氧自由基片的铁磁耦合中起到了重要的作用.     

以喹啉为耦合单元双自由基体系的理论研究

设计用4种自由基自旋中心连接在耦合单元喹啉的不同位置上的双自由基体系,用AM1-CI方法计算的结果表明:双自由基连接的位置不同对体系耦合作用的影响符合双自由基之间磁性耦合的拓扑规则,即共轭体系中,两个自由基之间以偶数个C(或N)原子耦合,体系具有低自旋基态,表现反铁磁耦合;两个自由基之间以奇数个C(或N)原子耦合,体系具有高自旋基态,表现铁磁耦合.当双自由基连接在喹啉的相邻奇数个C或N原子位置时,体系具有高自旋基态,表现铁磁耦合.     

密度泛函理论在分子磁学中的应用2.混合桥联三核镍配合物自旋交换作用

用密度泛函理论结合对称性破损方法(DFF-BS)研究了混合桥联三核镍配合物的磁交换耦合作用．这类化合物是由三唑和异硫氰酸根桥联形成的混合桥配合物．计算表明,在标题化合物中,三唑桥传递反铁磁耦合作用,而异硫氰酸根桥传递铁磁耦合作用;并且,随着异硫氰酸根取代三唑桥的数目增加,配合物的铁磁作用增强,在一定意义上说明了混合桥磁耦合作用的加合性．Mulliken自旋布居分析表明,无论是三唑桥还是异硫氰酸根桥,它们的磁交换作用机理都是磁中心的自旋离域．分子磁轨道分析显示,对于三唑桥,在局域磁轨道之间存在着强的轨道作用,导致了反铁磁耦合;对于异硫氰酸根桥,局域磁轨道之间弱的相互作用,表现了铁磁耦合作用．对标题化合物的研究说明了DFF-BS方法可用于三核体系磁交换作用的研究．     

对嘧啶的邻、间、对位双自由基体系的自旋耦合规律的研究

采用量子化学abinitio法和密度泛函方法对不同取代位置的嘧啶自旋耦合规律进行研究 .两种方法比较 ,用UHF方法计算导致自旋污染严重 ,而用UB3LYP方法计算 ,自旋污染则减少了许多 .计算结果得到了双自由基之间磁性耦合的拓扑规则 :共轭体系中 ,两个自由基之间以偶数个碳 (或氮 )原子耦合 ,则有效交换积分Jij<0 ,体系具有低自旋基态 ,表现为反铁磁耦合 ;两个自由基之间以奇数个碳 (或氮 )原子耦合 ,则有效交换积分Jij>0 ,体系具有高自旋基态 ,表现为铁磁耦合 .自由基性质和铁磁耦合单元的不同位置对自旋耦合的影响较大 ,这些结论为有机磁性材料的分子设计与实验合成提供了理论依据 .     

咪唑氧自由基分子NLO性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT) UB3LYP方法, 在6-31g(d)水平上对2,2’-(1,2-乙炔基-4,1-亚苯基)双[4,4’,5,5’-四氢]咪唑氧自由基分子及其异构体的自旋耦合性质进行分析, 并结合有限场(FF)方法计算它们的非线性光学(NLO)系数, 以探讨咪唑氧环在共轭链不同位置时体系的自旋耦合规律和NLO系数. 结果表明, 所有体系基态自旋符合自旋极化规则, 它们的极化率随自旋多重度的增加而减小; 一阶超极化率因受分子对称性影响, 对称性不同其一阶超极化率的变化也不同; 二阶超极化率呈现随着自旋多重度的增加而增加的趋势. 从理论上探讨这些自由基分子自旋耦合规律与NLO活性的关系, 为有机自由基NLO材料的分子设计与实验研究提供一定的理论依据.     

以杂环为铁磁耦合单元的双中心双自由基高自旋有机分子的理论设计

利用－·N－S－为自旋中心（SC），苯为端基（EG），苯、吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶 、吡嗪、三嗪为耦合单元（FC），设计三种不同排列方式的新型稳定高自旋分子。 由于自旋密度在杂环（FC）和－·N－S－（SC）组成的体系中自由基双中心的部分 离域，导致－·N-S－自由基的特殊稳定性。三种不同的排列方式中，其三重态的 稳定性随主要SC（－N－）原子间距离的增大而降低。从三个系统八个体系三重态 的稳定性来看，FC上的杂原子位于取代基的间位能提高体系的铁磁耦合作用，而位 于邻位和对位则不利于铁磁耦合作用。     

密度泛函研究双核Mn~Ⅱ取代的杂多酸[Mn_2~Ⅱ(X~(n )Mo_9O_(33))_2]_2~((n-10)-)(X=P~Ⅴ,As~Ⅴ,Se~Ⅵ)的磁耦合交换作用

运用密度泛函理论结合对称性破缺方法(DFT-BS)研究了双锰取代的三明治型多酸阴离子[Mn2II(Xn Mo9O33)2]2(n-10)-(X=PV,AsV,SeVI)的磁交换作用.计算得到的磁交换耦合常数(J)为负值,表明在这类体系中存在反铁磁交换作用;进一步从几何,自旋密度分布和前线轨道组成方面分析了中心杂原子X对磁交换耦合的影响,结果表明随着随着中心杂原子X的改变(PV–AsV–SeV),影响到中心双核锰和桥氧构成的磁簇的结构,Mn1···Mn2距离有所增大,Ob···Ob距离有所缩短,从而减弱了超交换途径的有效性,反铁磁耦合常数J的数值依次减小.     

构型与构象对苯双自由基体系基态自旋多重度及其稳定性的影响

利用AM1-CI方法计算了构象对邻、间、对二取代苯双自由基体系基态自旋多重度及其稳定性的影响. 结果表明单 - 三重态能量差(△ES－T)和部分占据分子轨道的能量劈裂(△EPOMO)随自由基与苯环间的二面角而变化. 当二面角接近90°时, 分子具有平面或近平面构象时强的铁磁或反铁磁耦合单元, 由于具有近简并的高自旋和低自旋基态, 而变成弱的反铁磁或铁磁耦合单元. 由此提出为获得具有稳定高自旋基态的高自旋分子, 实验上应尽量避免选用强烈扭曲的邻、对苯分子构象.     

异双核X-M之间的磁耦合交换作用: Keggin型杂多酸衍生物[M(H2O)XW11O39]7-(X=FeⅢ, CoⅢ; M=CoⅡ)的密度泛函研究

采用DFT-BS方法研究异双核的Keggin型杂多酸衍生物[M(H2O)XW11O39]7-(Ⅰ: X=FeⅢ, M=CoⅡ; Ⅱ: X=CoⅢ, M=CoⅡ)的磁耦合作用, 计算得到耦合常数(J)为负值, 表明所研究体系具有反铁磁性; J值大小顺序为|J(Ⅰ)|<|J(Ⅱ)|, 说明磁耦合作用增强; 体系Ⅰ与Ⅱ相比, X由FeⅢ变成CoⅢ, M不变, 桥氧原子Ob和Ob2(O′b2)上的自旋密度增大, 进一步从相关BS态的磁轨道比较得出, 体系Ⅱ中轨道重叠程度大于体系Ⅰ, 结果使X-M之间的反铁磁耦合作用加强.     

聚二乙炴电子能带结构的研究

聚二乙炔(polydiacetylenes)具有平面的全共轭主链,并可被制备成宏观大小的单晶,因而是研究聚合物物理、化学性质的理想模型.它的物理、化学性质,特别是作为导电材料的导电机理与其价带及导带的结构密切相关.通过改变聚二乙炔的侧基可以对其主链几何结构及电子能带结构产生影响,进而改变其物理化学性质.可能是考     

On the Role of Symmetry in Vibrational Strong Coupling: The Case of Charge-Transfer Complexation

It is well known that symmetry plays a key role in chemical reactivity. Here we explore its role in vibrational strong coupling (VSC) for a charge-transfer (CT) complexation reaction. By studying the trimethylated-benzene–I₂ CT complex, we find that VSC induces large changes in the equilibrium constant K_DA of the CT complex, reflecting modifications in the ΔG° value of the reaction. Furthermore, by tuning the microfluidic cavity modes to the different IR vibrations of the trimethylated benzene, ΔG° either increases or decreases depending only on the symmetry of the normal mode that is coupled. This result reveals the critical role of symmetry in VSC and, in turn, provides an explanation for why the magnitude of chemical changes induced by VSC are much greater than the Rabi splitting, that is, the energy perturbation caused by VSC. These findings further confirm that VSC is powerful and versatile tool for the molecular sciences.     

Problem of a wide variety of products in the Cu(hfac)2-nitroxide system

The stereochemically flexible Cu(hfac)(2) metal-ligand system when combined with polyfunctional nitroxides leads to a variety of solids with varying structure and composition. While investigating the products of Cu(hfac)(2) interaction with spin-labeled pyrazole 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-imidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl, we have isolated a family of (12) heterospin compounds differing in structure and composition in the solid state. In synthetic systems, these compounds often cocrystallize and must be separated mechanically. It is also shown that minor variation of the structure of the solid heterospin complex can substantially change the magnetic properties of compounds.     

On the Role of Symmetry in Vibrational Strong Coupling: The Case of Charge‐Transfer Complexation

It is well known that symmetry plays a key role in chemical reactivity. Here we explore its role in vibrational strong coupling (VSC) for a charge‐transfer (CT) complexation reaction. By studying the trimethylated‐benzene–I₂ CT complex, we find that VSC induces large changes in the equilibrium constant K_DA of the CT complex, reflecting modifications in the ΔG° value of the reaction. Furthermore, by tuning the microfluidic cavity modes to the different IR vibrations of the trimethylated benzene, ΔG° either increases or decreases depending only on the symmetry of the normal mode that is coupled. This result reveals the critical role of symmetry in VSC and, in turn, provides an explanation for why the magnitude of chemical changes induced by VSC are much greater than the Rabi splitting, that is, the energy perturbation caused by VSC. These findings further confirm that VSC is powerful and versatile tool for the molecular sciences.     

Trends in metal-biradical exchange interaction for first-row M(II)(nitronyl nitroxide-semiquinone) complexes

We report molecular structures and temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility data for several new metal complexes of heterospin triplet ground-state biradical ligands. The ligands are comprised of both nitronyl-nitroxide (NN) and semiquinone (SQ) spin carriers. Five compounds are five-coordinate M(II) complexes (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn), and one is a six-coordinate Ni(II) complex. Five compounds were structurally characterized. During copper complex formation a reaction with methanol occurs to form a unique methoxy-substituted SQ ring. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility studies are consistent with strong intraligand (NN-SQ and NN-PhSQ) ferromagnetic exchange coupling. For the five-coordinate Mn, Co, and Ni complexes, the S = 1 ligand is antiferromagnetically coupled to the metal. For both the five-coordinate Cu complex and the six-coordinate Ni complex, the ligand is ferromagnetically coupled to the metal spins in accordance with orbital symmetry arguments. Despite the low molecular symmetries, the predicted trend in metal-ligand exchange interactions is supported by spin dimer analysis based on extended Hückel calculations. For (NN-SQ)NiTp(Cum,Me)() (Tp(Cum,Me)() = hydro-tris(3-cumenyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)borate), an antisymmetric exchange term was required for the best fit of the magnetic susceptibility data. Antisymmetric exchange was less important for the other complexes due to inherently smaller Deltag. Finally, it is shown that intraligand exchange coupling is of paramount importance in stabilizing high-spin states of mixed metal-biradical complexes.     

Exchange Interaction of a Novel Heterospin Polynuclear Complex Containing Transition Metals and Imino Nitroxide Radicals: {[(CuL)Nid (IM‐2Py)2] (C104)2}2·2H2O

A novel heterospin complex {[(CuL) Ni(IM‐2Py)₂] (ClO₄)₂}₂· 2H₂O (L = 2,3‐dioxo‐5,6:14, 15‐dibenzo‐1,4,8,12‐tetraazacyclo‐pentadeca 7, 12‐diene, IM‐2Py = 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)‐4, 4, 5, 5‐tetramethyl‐4, 5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazoline‐1‐oxyl) has been synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. In order to interpret the exchange interaction of tins asymmetric heterospin system, a theoretical model has been established. Using this theoretical model the magnetic susceptibility data have been fitted and lead to coupling constant values equal to 1.4 cm^?1 (Ni‐Rad) and‐38.0 cm^?1(Ni‐Cu), respectively.     

Atomistic evidence of how force dynamically regulates thiol/disulfide exchange

The intricate coupling of mechanical force and chemical reactivity has been increasingly revealed in recent years by force spectroscopy experiments on the thiol/disulfide exchange reaction. We here aimed at elucidating the underlying dynamic effects of force on the reaction center for the case of disulfide bond reduction by dithiothreitol at forces of 200-2000 pN, by combining transition path sampling and quantum/classical mechanical simulations. Reaction rates and their dependence on force as quantified by Δx(r), the distance between reactant and transition state, are in good agreement with experiments but indicate a shift of the transition state structure at high forces. Indeed, while an associate S(N)2 mechanism prevails, force causes a move of the transition state to a longer length of the cleaving bond and a shorter length of the forming disulfide bond. Our results highlight the distribution of force into various degrees of freedom, which implies that care must be taken when correlating Δx(r) with a single order parameter of the reaction.     

混合阴阳离子表面活性剂体系的物理化学性质

测定并比较了TX-100(C_8ΦE_(9.8))及TX-100的硫酸盐(_8CΦE_(9.8)S)分别与阳离子表面活性剂(C_nPy, n=10, 12, 14; C_mNM_3, m=16, 18)混合后, 混合表面活性剂的表面活性、水溶液的稳定性、起泡能力和泡沫稳定性等物理化学性质。     

Peculiarities of NMR spectra of heterospin complexes

Experimental investigation and theoretical simulation of the unusual phenomenon of multiple broadening and narrowing of NMR signals due to the temperature variation of a solution of the stereochemically non-rigid heterospin Ni²⁺ complex with stable nitroxide were performed. The investigation of the temperature dependence of the NMR signals of stereochemically non-rigid heterospin systems can be used for choosing conditions for growing heterospin single crystals containing molecules in a definite conformation.