双自由基CF2与O3的反应机理

主要用作致冷剂和发泡剂的氯氟烃（CFCs）是破坏臭氧层的主要物质之一．对氯氟烃类化合物及其降解产物（包括光解、光氧化、化学反应产物等）在大气中行为问题的研究是大气化学研究的重要内容．前人[1-3]从理论和实验两方面研究了自由基与臭氧的反应机制，但是氯氟烃光解过程中     

单重态CCl2与O3反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头算方法,研究了单重态CCl_2与O_3反应的机理.在HF/6-31G(d)水平上用梯度解析技术全参数优化上述反应的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物构型,MP2/6-31G(d)//HF/6-31G(d)方法计算能量.给出了有关化合物的结构数据.结果表明:CCl_2与O_3首先生成富能中间体CCl_2O_3,然后中间体裂解生成CCl_2O和O_2.该反应为强放热反应,放出的热量为516.88kJ·mol~(-1)[MP2/6-31G(d)//HF/6-31G(d)].通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算,获得了沿反应途径的势能剖面.     

CH自由基与O2反应的从头算研究

采用量子化学从头算法（UMP2／6－31G**水平），从理论上研究了CH＋O2反应的两个主要通道.根据计算所得的反应诸途径（连接反应物Cn＋）及两个通道的最终产物）讨论了复杂的反应机理．发现反应过程涉及O2的第一激发态1△g，且沿反应途径有势能面相交，反应途径中包括多个中间体及过渡态．     

CH2Cl与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

The reaction mechanism of CH2Cl radical with OH radical to produce HCCl+H2O,HCOCl+H2 and H2CO+HCl has been studied by using quantum chemistry ab initio calculations. The optimized geometrical parameters,and vibrational frequencies of all species were obtained at the UMP2（FC）level of theory in conjunction with 6-311++G* basis set. Besides,the zero-point energies（ZPE）,relative energies and total energies of all species were calculated using Gaussian-3（G3）model. The results of theoretical study indicate that the activated intermediate CH2ClOH is first formed through a barrierless process,followed by atoms migration,radical groups rotation and bonds fission to produce HCCl+H2O,HCOCl+H2 and H2CO+HCl,respectively. And all channels are exothermic by 72.81,338.54 and 354.08 kJ/mol. The reaction heat of reactants to H2CO+HCl is 281.27 kJ/mol more than that of reactants to HCCl+H2O. This result accords with that of experiments.     

CH2+O2反应的反应机理

CH2与 O2的反应是不饱和碳氢化合物燃烧过程中的一个十分重要的反应 .CH2（基态,三重态）与 O2反应的实验研究工作已有不少报导 [1－ 5],其主要产物有两 组 :H2O＋ CO和 CO2＋ H2,这些产物表明反应在反应体系的单重态位能面上发生 .至今还未见到关于 CH2＋ O2反应机理的完整的理论研究报导 .本文用 CASSCF方法详细研究了 CH2＋ O2反应的机理,给出从反应物至两组不同最终产物的完整的反应途经的描写 .1计算方法 　　计算使用量子化学高斯 98 W软件 .用从头算 CASSCF(8,8)/6-31G(d,p)方法在 CH2＋ O2单重态位能面上以优化…     

CH2+O2反应的反应机理

The mechanisms of the CH2＋ O2→ H2O＋ CO and CH2＋ O2→ H2＋ CO2 reactions have been studied by performing ab initio CAS(8,8)/6-31G(d,p) calculations, and five intermediates(IMn) and eight transitions(TSn) have been located along the reaction paths. The predicted path for the CH2＋ O2→ H2O＋ CO is: CH2＋ O2→ TS1→ IM1→ TS2→ IM2→ TS3→ IM3→ TS4→ IM4a→ TS5→ H2O＋ CO. For the CH2＋ O2→ H2＋ CO2 reaction, there are two paths: (i) CH2＋ O2→ TS1→ IM1→ TS2→ IM2→ TS3→ IM3→ TS6→ H2＋ CO2 and (ii) CH2＋ O2→ TS1→ IM1→ TS2→ IM2→ TS3→ IM3→ TS4→ IM4a→ TS7→ IM4b→ TS8→ H2＋ CO2, with the latter path more favorable energetically.     

亚甲基自由基(3CH2)与So反应机理的理论研究

白洪涛,黄旭日,于广涛,李吉来,于健康,孙家钟. 亚甲基自由基(3CH2)与SO反应机理的理论研究[J]. 化学学报, 2006, 64(2): 139-144.     

CH3S与NO基态反应的机理及动力学

在G3(MP2)水平上,通过对CH3S与NO反应势能面(PES)上关键驻点的能量计算,共找到3种中间体、7个过渡态、9种产物通道,并对其反应机理进行了讨论.结果表明此反应主要以两种方式进行一是加成反应,先生成CH3SNO,然后发生单分子解离和异构化反应;二是直接抽提反应,生成CH2S+HNO.用多通道RRKM-TST模型计算了反应随温度和压力变化的速率常数.以295 K的N2作浴气,在200.0～39996.6 Pa压力范围的速率常数为1.6×10-12～1.28×10-11 cm3·molecule-1·s-1.我们计算的速率常数与Balla等的实验值符合较好.反应的速率常数有明显的负温度效应和较强的压力依赖关系.预测常压低温下反应以生成CH3SNO为主,在常压高温1000 K以上以生成CH2S+HNO为主.     

CH3+HNCO反应机理的理论研究

异氰酸(HNCO)分解引发的一系列自由基反应是氮氧化物快速消除机理[1,2](RAPRENOX)所研究的领域,该反应涉及到燃烧化学中氮氧化物NOX的消除,所以获得这些反应准确的位垒就成为实验化学和理论化学所要解决的问题。本文中我们重点研究CH3+HNCO反应机理,探讨CH3自由基是否也能象氮氢自由基一样,在异氰酸(HNCO)分解反应中起作用。1　计算方法用量子化学MP2方法,在6 311++G 水平上计算了CH3自由基与HNCO反应的反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态的几何构型,用QCISD(T)方法在6 311++G 水平上计算了它们的能量。通过振动分析确定…     

C2H与HO2双自由基反应的密度泛函理论研究

应用量子化学从头算和密度泛函理论(DFT)对C₂H与HO₂双自由基的单重态反应进行了研究.在UB3LYP/6-311G水平上优化了反应通道上各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的几何构型.在CCSD(T)/6-311G^{**水平上计算了各物种的单点能,并对总能量进行了零点能校正.研究结果表明,反应物中自由基C₂H的边端C进攻自由基HO₂的边端O是主要的进攻方式.首先形成了中间体1(HCCOOH),由此经过不同的反应通道可以得到主要产物P1,次要产物P2,P3和P5.生成P1的反应热为-814.40kJ/mol.自由基C₂H的中间C进攻自由基HO₂的边端O是次要的进攻方式,可以得到产物P4和P6.根据势能面分析,所有反应均是放热反应.}     

CH3CH2+O(3P)反应机理的理论研究

The reaction for CH3CH2+O(3P) was studied by ab initio method. The geometries of the reactants, intermediates, transition states and products were optimized at MP2/6-311+G(d,p) level. The corresponding vibration frequencies were calculated at the same level. The single-point calculations for all the stationary points were carried out at the QCISD(T)/6-311+G(d,p) level using the MP2/6-311+G(d,p) optimized geometries. The results of the theoretical study indicate that the major products are the CH2O＋CH3, CH3CHO+H and CH2CH2+OH in the reaction. For the products CH2O＋CH3 and CH3CHO+H, the major production channels are A1: (R)→IM1→TS3→(A) and B1: (R)→IM1→TS4→(B), respectively. The majority of the products CH2CH2+OH are formed via the direct abstraction channels C1 and C2: (R)→TS1(TS2)→(C). In addition, the results suggest that the barrier heights to form the CO reaction channels are very high, so the CO is not a major product in the reaction.     

Reaction Mechanism and Product Branching Ratios of OH+C2H3F Reaction: A Theoretical Study

Ab initio CCSD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) calculations of the potential energy surface for possible dissociation channels of HOC\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}F, as well as Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) calculations of rate constants, were carried out, in order to predict statistical product branching ratios in dissociation of HOC\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}F at various internal energies. The most favorable reaction pathway leading to the major CH\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}CHO+HF products is as the following: OH+C\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}F\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}i2\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}TS14\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}i6\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}TS9\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}i3\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}TS3\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}CH\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}CHO+HF, where the rate-determining step is HF elimination from the CO bridging position via TS11, lying above the reactants by 3.8 kcal/mol. The CH\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}O+CH\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}F products can be formed by F atom migration from C\begin{document}$_\beta$\end{document} to C\begin{document}$_\alpha$\end{document} position via TS14, then H migration from O to C\begin{document}$_\alpha$\end{document} position via TS16, and C-C breaking to form the products via TS5, which is 1.8 kcal/mol lower in energy than the reactants, and 4.0 kcal/mol lower than TS11.     

CH3 CH2 +N(4S)反应机理的理论研究

The reaction for CH3CH2+N(4S) was studied by ab initio method. The geometries of the reactants, intermediates, transition states and products were optimized at MP2/6-311+G(d,p) level. The corresponding vibration frequencies were calculated at the same level. The single point calculations for all the stationary points were carried out at the QCISD(T)/ 6-311+G(d,p) level using the MP2/6-311+G(d,p) optimized geometries. The results of the theoretical study indicate that the major products are the CH2CH2+3NH and H2CN＋CH3, and the minor products are the CH3CHN+H in the reaction. The majority of the products CH2CH2+3NH are formed via a direct hydrogen abstraction channel. The products H2CN＋CH3 are produced via an addition/dissociation channel. The products CH3CHN+H are produced via an addition/dissociation channel.     

CH3(2A′)自由基与臭氧反应机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学UMP2方法，在6-311++G**基组水平上研究了CH3(2A′)自由基与臭氧反应机理，全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型，在UQCISD(T)/6-311++G**水平上计算了它们的能量；并对它们进行了振动分析，以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性；同时应用经典过渡态理论计算了反应的速率常数，并与实验值进行了比较, CH3自由基与臭氧反应速率常数的理论计算结果为: 4.73×10－14 cm3•molecule－1•s－1，与实验报导的结果(k=2.52×10－14 cm3•molecule－1•s－1)很接近，同时发现CH3(2A′)自由基与O3的反应是强放热反应.     

CH2SH与NO2双自由基反应机理的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(2df,p)水平上优化了标题反应驻点物种的几何构型, 并在相同水平上通过频率计算和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析对过渡态结构及连接性进行了验证. 采用双水平计算方法HL//B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(2df,p)对所有驻点及部分选择点进行了单点能校正, 构建了CH2SH＋NO2反应体系的单重态反应势能剖面. 研究结果表明, CH2SH与NO2反应体系存在4条主要反应通道, 两个自由基中的C与N首先进行单重态耦合, 形成稳定的中间体HSCH2NO2 (a). 中间体a经过C—N键断裂和H(1)—O(2)形成过程生成主要产物P1 (CH2S＋trans-HONO), 此过程需克服124.1 kJ•mol－1的能垒. 中间体a也可以经过C—N键断裂及C—O键形成转化为中间体HSCH2ONO (b), 此过程的能垒高达238.34 kJ•mol－1. b再经过一系列的重排异构转化得到产物P2 (CH2S＋cis-HONO), P3 (CH2S＋HNO2)和P4 (SCH2OH＋NO). 所有通道均为放热反应, 反应能分别为－150.37, －148.53, －114.42和－131.56 kJ•mol－1. 标题反应主通道R→a→TSa/P1→P1的表观活化能为－91.82 kJ•mol－1, 此通道在200～3000 K温度区间内表观反应速率常数三参数表达式为kCVT/SCT＝8.3×10－40T4.4 exp(12789.3/T) cm3•molecule－1•s－1.     

NH自由基与臭氧反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头计算方法,在HF/6-31 ++ G**水平研究了臭氧与NH三线态活性自由基反应的微观机理,优化得到反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型.用MP2/6-31++G**//HF/6-31 ++ G**方法计算能量,同时进行零点能校正.研究结果表明:NH三线态活性自由基与O3反应首先生成稳定中间体HNO3,然后中裂解生成HNO和O2.     

F+CH2CO的反应机理和动力学研究

用G3(MP2)方法对F与CH₂CO的反应进行研究,揭示了该反应的加成-消除机理.F原子首先与CH₂CO作用形成富能的中间体CH₂FCO^*,此加成反应为无势垒过程.富能的CH₂FCO^*可进一步发生解离或异构化反应生成各种可能的产物.其中CO和CH₂F可能为反应的主要产物.根据从头算的结果,用RRKM-TST理论计算该反应的速率常数.总包反应速率常数与温度存在弱的依赖关系,与总压力无关.     

Theoretical Studies of the Reaction Mechanisms of CH3S＋NO2

The potential energy surface for the CH3S NO2 reaction has been studied using the ab initio G3(MP2) method. A variety of possible complexes and saddle points along the minimum energy reaction paths have been characterized at UMP2 (full)/6-31G(d) level. The calculations reveal dominating reaction mechanisms of the title reaction: CH3S NO2 firstly produce intermediate CH3SONO,then break up into CH3SO NO. The results are valuable to understand the atmospheric sulfur compounds oxidation mechanism.